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To multiply a number by 10, 100, or 1000 we need to count the number of zeroes in the multiplier and write the same number of zeroes to the right of the multiplicand.
Learning multiplication by 10, 100, and 1000 is one of the easiest and most useful math skills for elementary students. Instead of multiplying digit by digit, students can use place value to quickly find the answer. Understanding this concept helps children solve larger multiplication problems, estimate answers, improve mental math, and prepare for multiplication with bigger numbers. In this lesson, you will learn simple rules for multiplying whole numbers by 10, 100, and 1000 along with easy examples, solved problems, worksheets, and practice questions.
What Is Multiplication by 10, 100, and 1000?
Multiplication by 10, 100, and 1000 means increasing a number using place value. For whole numbers, multiply by the non-zero digit and then append the same number of zeros as in the multiplier, or think of each digit shifting left by one, two, or three places respectively.
Rules for the multiplication by 10, 100 and 1000:
Multiply by 10:
If we multiply a whole number by a 10, then we write
one zero at the end of the multiplicand.
For example:
1275 × 10 = 12750
Multiply by Tens:
To multiply by tens write one zero (0) at the end of product and then multiply the remaining numbers.
To multiply a number by 10, 20, 30, ………., 90, multiply the number by 1, 2, 3, …….., 9 respectively and insert one zero on the right of the product
For example:
1. Multiply 624 by 30
Solution:
Step I: Multiply 624 by 3.
6 2 4
× 3
1 8 7 2
Step II: Insert one arm on the right of the product to get 18720
Hence, 624 × 30 = 18720
2. Multiply 1,366 by 90
Solution:
Step I: Multiply 1369 by 9
1 3 6 9
× 9
1 2 3 2 1
Step II: Insert one zero on the right of the product to get 1,23,210.
Hence, 1,369 × 90 = 1,23,210.
Multiply by 100:
If we multiply a whole number by a 100, then we write two zeros at the end of the multiplicand.
For example:
1275 × 100 = 127500
Multiply by Hundreds:
To multiply by hundreds write two zero (00) at the end then multiply the remaining numbers.
To multiply a number by 100, 200, 300, …………… 900, we multiply the number by 1, 2, 3, ……….. 9 respectively and insert two zeroes on the right of the product.
For example:
1. Multiply 167 by 300
Solution:
Step I: Multiply 167 by 3
1 6 7
× 3
5 0 1
Step II: Insert two zeros on the right of the product to get 50,100.
Hence, 167 × 300 = 50,100
2. Multiply 142 by 800
Solution:
Step I: Multiply 242 by 8.
2 4 2
× 8
1 9 3 6
Step II: Insert two zeros in the right of the product to get 1,93,600.
Hence, 242 × 800 = 1,93,600.
Multiply by 1000:
If we multiply a whole number by a 1000, then we write three zeros at the end of the multiplicand.
For example:
1275 × 1000 = 1275000
Multiply by Thousands:
To multiply by thousands write three zero (000) at the end then multiply the remaining numbers.
To multiply a number by 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, ………….. 9,000, we multiply the number by 1, 2, 3, ………… 9 respectively and insert three zeroes on the right of the product.
For example:
1. Multiply 231 by 3,000.
Solution:
Step I: Multiply 231 by 3.
2 3 1
× 3
6 9 3
Step II: Insert three zeroes on the right of the product to get 6,93,000.
Hence, 231 × 3,000 = 6,93,000.
2. Multiply 105 by 7,000.
Solution:
Step I: Multiply 105 by 7.
1 0 5
× 7
7 3 5
Step II: Insert three zeroes on the right of the product to get 7,35,000
Hence, 105 × 7000 = 7,35,000
Play Multiplication by 10, 100 and 1000 Game:
Place value challenge
Be a Zero Hero! Pick the correct answer and drop it in the answer box. Complete 20 questions to win stars.
Tip: multiplying a whole number by 10, 100 or 1000 moves its digits to the left.
Drag an answer into the box, or tap an answer and then tap the box.
7 × 10 = ?
Drop answer here
🏆
Great work!
| # | Question | Your answer | Correct answer | Result |
|---|
Place value chart showing multiplication by 10, 100, and 1000:
Multiplying with Zeros Video:
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I. Multiplying by 10, 20, 30, … 90
1. How do you multiply by 10?
To multiply a number by 10, put a zero to the right of the product.
2. How do you multiply by 20, 30,… 90?
To multiply a number by 20. 30.90 write a zero in the ones place. Multiply the remaining numbers.
II. Multiplying by 100, 200, 300, … 900
1. How do you multiply by 100?
To multiply a number by 100, write two zeroes to the right of the product.
2. How do you multiply by 200, 300, … 900?
To multiply a number by 200, 300… 900, write 2 zeroes in the ones and tens. Multiply the remaining numbers.
● To multiply a number by a multiplier having zero and non-zero part, we put as many zeroes in the product as in the multiplier and then multiply the number by non-zero part.
For example:
1275 × 20 = 25500
1275 × 300 = 382500
1275 × 5000 = 6375000
You can even keep the above chart for further reference.
Multiplication by 10, 100, 1000 Quiz:
Choose the correct answer.
Question 1 of 10
Score: 0
7 × 10 = ?
Common Mistakes:
1. 45 × 100 = 450 ❌
Correct answer: 45 × 100 = 4500 ✅
Why? Multiplying by 100 shifts every digit two places to the left (or, for whole numbers, adds two zeros).
2. 37 × 30 = 3710 ❌
Correct answer:37 × 30 = 1110 ✅
Why? Since 30 = 3 × 10, first multiply 37 × 3 = 111, then multiply by 10:
37 × 30 = (37 × 3) × 10 = 111 × 10 = 1110
Place Value Rules Table for Multiplication by 10, 100, and 1000:
Multiplier |
Rule |
|
× 10 |
Add 1 zero |
|
× 100 |
Add 2 zeros |
|
× 1000 |
Add 3 zeros |
|
× 20 |
Multiply by 2 then add 1 zero |
|
× 300 |
Multiply by 3 then add 2 zeros |
|
× 5000 |
Multiply by 5 then add 3 zeros |
Did You Know?
Multiplying by 10, 100, and 1000 works because of the place value system. Every digit shifts left while keeping its value pattern the same.
Worksheet on Multiplication by Ten, Hundred and Thousand:
1. Compare the given wheels by writing the product in the outermost circle.
(i)
Answers:
(ii)
Answers:
(iii)
Answers:
(iv)
Answers:
2. Multiply and write the product in the outermost circle.
(i)
Answer:
(ii)
Answer:
(iii)
Answer:
3. Multiply the following:
|
(i) Th H T O 5 × 1 0 _______________ |
(ii) Th H T O 2 0 × 1 0 _______________ |
|
(iii) Th H T O 9 8 × 1 0 _______________ |
(iv) Th H T O 1 4 0 × 1 0 _______________ |
|
(v) Th H T O 3 5 8 × 1 0 _______________ |
(vi) Th H T O 7 × 1 0 0 _______________ |
|
(vii) Th H T O 4 0 × 1 0 0 _______________ |
(viii) Th H T O 3 4 × 2 0 0 _______________ |
|
(ix) Th H T O 2 5 × 3 0 0 _______________ |
(x) Th H T O 1 4 × 4 0 0 _______________ |
|
(xi) Th H T O 4 × 2 0 0 0 _________________ |
(xii) Th H T O 3 × 2 0 0 0 _________________ |
|
(xiii) Th H T O 2 × 4 0 0 0 _________________ |
(xiv) Th H T O 3 × 3 0 0 0 _________________ |
|
(xv) Th H T O 9 × 1 0 0 0 _________________ |
4. Write the Products:
(i) 6 × 20 = _____
(ii) 3 × 30 = _____
(iii) 4 × 40 = _____
(iv) 7 × 50 = _____
(v) 20 × 300 = _____
(vi) 40 × 200 = _____
(vii) 14 × 400 = _____
(viii) 21 × 300 = _____
(ix) 2 × 2000 = _____
(x) 3 × 3000 = _____
(xi) 2 × 4000 = _____
(xii) 7 × 1000 = _____
5. Multiply the Following:
|
(i) Th H T O 1 7 × 5 0 _______________ |
(ii) Th H T O 4 2 × 2 0 _______________ |
|
(iii) Th H T O 2 1 × 4 0 _______________ |
(iv) Th H T O 4 × 6 0 _______________ |
|
(v) Th H T O 1 1 × 3 0 _______________ |
(vi) Th H T O 2 0 × 3 0 _______________ |
|
(vii) Th H T O 9 1 × 2 0 _______________ |
(viii) Th H T O 5 5 × 4 0 _______________ |
|
(ix) Th H T O 7 1 × 5 0 _______________ |
(x) Th H T O 2 6 × 8 0 _______________ |
|
(xi) Th H T O 7 × 7 0 0 _______________ |
(xii) Th H T O 9 × 8 0 0 _______________ |
|
(xiii) Th H T O 1 0 × 5 0 0 _______________ |
(xiv) Th H T O 1 7 × 4 0 0 _______________ |
|
(xv) Th H T O 1 9 × 3 0 0 _______________ |
(xvi) Th H T O 1 4 × 4 0 0 _______________ |
|
(xvii) Th H T O 1 5 × 6 0 0 _______________ |
(xviii) Th H T O 2 7 × 3 0 0 _______________ |
|
(xix) Th H T O 2 4 × 2 0 0 _______________ |
(xx) Th H T O 1 2 × 8 0 0 _______________ |
|
(xxi) Th H T O 6 × 1 0 0 0 _________________ |
(xxii) Th H T O 4 × 2 0 0 0 _________________ |
|
(xxiii) Th H T O 2 × 3 0 0 0 _________________ |
(xxiv) Th H T O 3 × 2 0 0 0 _________________ |
|
(xxv) Th H T O 5 × 1 0 0 0 _________________ |
6. Do these Sums in your Notebook:
(i) 14 × 20 = _____
(ii) 32 × 20 = _____
(iii) 65 × 40 = _____
(iv) 33 × 50 = _____
(v) 42 × 60 = _____
(vi) 123 × 20 = _____
(vii) 436 × 20 = _____
(viii) 400 × 20 = _____
(ix) 196 × 30 = _____
(x) 152 × 50 = _____
(xi) 40 × 200 = _____
(xii) 23 × 400 = _____
(xiii) 11 × 200 = _____
(xiv) 33 × 300 = _____
(xv) 42 × 200 = _____
(xvi) 3 × 2000 = _____
(xvii) 4 × 2000 = _____
(xviii) 5 × 1000 = _____
(xix) 2 × 3000 = _____
(xx) 8 × 1000 = _____
7. Find the missing multiplicand in each of the following
questions.
(i) ……………… × 40 = 36000
(ii) ……………… × 500 = 7500000
(iii) ……………… × 700 = 77000000
(iv) ……………… × 9000 = 81000
(v) ……………… × 80000 = 96000000
Answers:
7. (i) 900
(ii) 15000
(iii) 110000
(iv) 9
(v) 1200
8. Fill in the blanks.
(i) 17 × 10 = __________
(ii) 68 × __________ = 68000
(iii) 25 × 100 = __________
(iv) 100 × __________ = 22500
(v) 23 × 1000 = __________
(vi) __________ × 10 = 8900
(vii) 24 × 10 = __________
(viii) __________ × 1000 = 40000
(ix) 31 × 100 = __________
(x) __________ × 1000 = 48000
(xi) 78 × 1000 = __________
(xii) __________ × 18 = 18000
(xiii) 16 × __________ = 1600
(xiv) 100 × __________ = 68200
(xv) __________ × 42 = 420
(xvi) __________ × 115 = 11500
(xvii) 723 × __________ = 7230
(xviii) __________ × 1000 = 27000
(xix) __________ × 807 = 8070
(xx) __________ × 100 = 50900
(xxi) 1000 × __________ = 63000
(xxii) 999 × 100 = __________
Answer:
8. (i) 170
(ii) 1000
(iii) 2500
(iv) 225
(v) 23000
(vi) 890
(vii) 240
(viii) 40
(ix) 3100
(x) 48
(xi) 78000
(xii) 1000
(xiii) 100
(xiv) 682
(xv) 10
(xvi) 100
(xvii) 10
(xviii) 27
(xix) 10
(xx) 509
(xxi) 63
(xxii) 99900
9. Find the following products using the Rules for the multiplication by 10, 100 and 1000.
(i) 22,635 × 10
(ii) 2,469 × 10
(iii) 7,685 × 20
(iv) 5,770 × 40
(v) 9,205 × 50
(vi) 2,611 × 60
(vii) 7,685 × 20
(viii) 2,983 × 90
(ix) 11,654 × 60
(x) 9,635 × 100
(xi) 8,781 × 100
(xii) 1,050 × 400
(xiii) 187 × 800
(xiv) 267 × 500
(xv) 531 × 400
(xvi) 443 × 500
(xvii) 2,132 × 300
(xviii) 1,410 × 200
(xix) 317 × 2,000
(xx) 365 × 1,000
(xxi) 228 × 6,000
(xxii) 83 × 5,000
(xxiii) 192 × 600
(xxiv) 63 × 6,000
Answer:
9. (i) 226350
(ii) 24690
(iii) 153700
(iv) 230800
(v) 460250
(vi) 156660
(vii) 153700
(viii) 268470
(ix) 699240
(x) 963500
(xi) 878100
(xii) 420000
(xiii) 149600
(xiv) 133500
(xv) 212400
(xvi) 221500
(xvii) 639600
(xviii) 282000
(xix) 634000
(xx) 365000
(xxi) 1368000
(xxii) 415000
(xxiii) 115200
(xxiv) 378000
Frequently Asked Questions on Multiplication by 10, 100, and 1000
Answer:
Each digit moves one place to the left because its place value becomes 10 times greater.
Answer:
Multiplying by 100 makes every digit 100 times larger, shifting digits two places left.
Answer:
Yes. The same place value rule works for any whole number.
Answer:
Multiply by 2, then multiply by 100 (or add two zeros).
Answer:
Multiply the number by 1 and append three zeros (for whole numbers).
About Author
Written by Priyanka Ghosh
Mathematics Educator | Founder of Math Only Math
Priyanka Ghosh has been teaching elementary and middle-school mathematics for over 12 years and specializes in creating simple, child-friendly math lessons and worksheets.
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