{"id":84237,"date":"2025-02-12T16:39:35","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T16:39:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/american-history\/megalopolis-and-the-15-minute-city-the-metropole\/"},"modified":"2025-02-12T16:39:35","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T16:39:35","slug":"megalopolis-and-the-15-minute-city-the-metropole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=84237","title":{"rendered":"Megalopolis and the 15-Minute City \u2013 The Metropole"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Editor\u2019s Note: This is the third post in our theme for February 2025 \u201cCelluloid City\u201d which explores the role of and interplay between cities and film. <strong>You can see all posts from the theme <a href=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/category\/celluloid-city\/\">here<\/a>. <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>By Jannat Suleman<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Since the introduction of the theoretical 15-minute city, there\u2019s been significant nitpicking at the so-called socialist concept of urban planning from politicians, sociologists, and the average X user. Often relegated to conversations in Congress, parliaments or lecture halls, the mere thought of a utopian city\u2013whether 15-minute in nature or not\u2013isn\u2019t one that the everyday cinemagoer encounters on the big screen. Nevertheless, Francis Ford Coppola\u2019s equally controversial <em>Megalopolis<\/em>, released towards the end of 2024, proved rather crucially that the conversations around urban history and the construction of modern cities have much more to discuss than our headlines make apparent.<\/p>\n<p>The 15-minute city is named as such for its commutability, ease of access, and communal features all interlinking to provide a utopian urban lifestyle where anything you need is less than 15 minutes away at all times. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dezeen.com\/2023\/10\/16\/15-minute-city-guide\/\">(Here\u2019s more on the 15-minute city.)<\/a> There have been incredibly reactionary debates around the concept, specifically from right-wing commentators who believe that, rather than creating spaces for communities to thrive, the concentrated centers will instead allow criminal activity to prosper, isolation to manifest, and censorship to champion above all. Of course, the theorization behind the city isn\u2019t entirely new to America: the commute has been a significant part of the country\u2019s urbanization and improvements to mass transit, showcasing the correlation between urban planning and the development of human needs. In theory, the remodeled city would eliminate burdens on public services by compartmentalizing offices, hospitals and schools, creating mini-communities connected by walking and cycling routes. Criticisms of this urban planning format suggest that there will be a reduction in originality and freedom of movement, which those championing the changes refute and suggest that fearmongering and political misinformation is tarring the image of the potential utopia. Interestingly enough, most of these fears are curiously well-presented in <em>Megalopolis<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>To fully appreciate Coppola\u2019s commentaries on the American city and his visions for betterment, a brief understanding of how utopian cities have been historically defined is essential. Its underlying theories have been subject to widespread musings from Aristotle to Thomas More to Le Corbusier with the general understanding that perfection is key: alluded to by seamless equality and, ideally, a futuristic functionalism. To be utopian, a city must break the bonds of society as we know it and be a total remodeling\u2013a revolution\u2013of the current urban landscape. Whether it was Le Corbusier\u2019s Ville Contemporaine or the persistently documented concepts of Ebenezer Howard and Frank Lloyd Wright, their outlooks were burdened by the complexity of modern decay, wasteful expansions, and unnecessary, dysfunctional magnitude. Of course, such a grand remodeling of urban planning as suggested by these great visionaries must be underpinned by an unwavering ideology and thus, accompanied by the motivation to instill social change.<\/p>\n<p>Ebenezer Howard, the first of these three visionaries who went so far as to produce plans for their utopias, believed in the power of greenery and birthed the idea of the Garden City: healthily sustained by the cooperation of its citizens and (supposedly) realistically manageable due to its small community size. Wright went a few steps further and broke the city right down into individual homesteads for each citizen: entirely decentralized cities connected by superhighways, prioritizing ownership and self-expression. Then with Le Corbusier, the vision of the utopian city was upended with his notion of radiance. Skyscrapers of glass rising out of parks and gardens, luxurious high-rises, and a denseness dedicated to fostering further prosperity. It goes without being said that unfortunately, none of these visionaries were lucky enough to see their theorizations play out and even if they did, the deep aversion their societies would have to a remodeled metropolis would create an unimaginable backlash hauntingly similar to the affront attributed to critics of the 15-minute city. Nonetheless, as is always the case with theorists of the past, it\u2019s important to consider the truth of their visions: Le Corbusier\u2019s visions often failed to incorporate the changing will of humanity and its capacity to change, thinking only of pure functionality, infrastructure, and efficiency. He created concepts beyond the scope of human construction, preferring to use his genius to revolutionize design through the use of modern materials: glass, concrete, and steel. Similar to the divisions seen in Coppola\u2019s latest, Le Corbusier\u2019s utopia seemed to dabble dangerously close to an elitist paradise. Burdened by the perspective of perfection and ambitions beyond the horizon, Corbusier paid little mind to the notion of public consultation; a welcome improvement to the processes of urban planning in the past century, which has inadvertently opened the floodgates to mass uninformed opining on the modern city.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"17558\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/2025\/02\/12\/megalopolis-and-the-15-minute-city\/megalopolis\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/megalopolis.webp\" data-orig-size=\"1296,730\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"MEGALOPOLIS\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/megalopolis.webp?w=300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/megalopolis.webp?w=750\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/megalopolis.webp?w=750\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17558\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>For those who have seen <em>Megalopolis<\/em>, it has been an incredibly polarizing self-funded project from legendary filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola, whose previous credits include the hailed <em>Godfather<\/em> films and <em>Apocalypse Now<\/em>. Critics of the film have simultaneously sung Coppola\u2019s praises for his dedication to his vision whilst voicing utter confusion at his intentions, citing plot holes and unconvincing performances for its failures. Although frequently interpreted as Coppola\u2019s thoughts on modern America and the American Dream, the main plot documenting the trials and tribulations of modern urban planning is undeniable.<\/p>\n<p>Set in the city of New Rome, architect and self-proclaimed genius Cesar Catalina (played by Adam Driver) has discovered a new material, everlasting and definitively utopian in its regenerative qualities, called Megalon and has decided to use it for remodeling urban landscapes. This is met with severe disagreement and major discord from the Mayor of New Rome, Cicero (played by Giancarlo Esposito) who suggests that Catalina is attempting to disrupt New Rome\u2019s way of life. Coppola has used Roman language, architecture, and aesthetics in Megalopolis to create an archaic America; one bogged down by inequality, the impoverished, and the impossible problem of perfection. However, there are futuristic elements to Coppola\u2019s New Rome: an advanced Times Square with holographic advertisements and perfect flows of traffic echoes the sentiment of most fictional futuristic cities, that technology is all-encompassing, and the city is uncongested. Between the etched stone and the 4D marketing, Coppola seems to be associating negative connotations with modern urban life, alluding to its inconsistencies and inequalities to demonstrate its unraveling.<\/p>\n<p>One of the first shots in <em>Megalopolis<\/em> obsesses over height, with Catalina at the top of his towering office, looking down as if about to fall, only for him to stop himself through manipulation of time. Coppola not only engages the notion of the city with his latest feature, but he also weaves science fiction into it, too. With a gold sheen in the sky, unobstructed roads and seamless pedestrian crossings beneath him, Cesar Catalina is the Le Corbusier of Coppola\u2019s world, with Mayor Cicero an incredibly apt metaphor for modern-day critics of the 15-minute city. As the two of them tussle over what future is best for the city, Catalina channels the ideologies of Wright and Howard as he shares his musings on a \u201cmisguided civilization\u201d with \u201cno dreams\u201d and no \u201ctime for the future,\u201d evidenced by Cicero\u2019s proposal to introduce a waterfront and casino into the rebuilding of New Rome. He calls Cicero a \u201cslumlord\u201d who \u201ctakes money from those who don\u2019t have it\u201d by prioritizing the construction of a city that \u201chas services people pay for.\u201d Catalina believes New Rome is dystopian in its overuse of concrete and steel\u2013outdated, ancient materials that have stripped the people of their purpose\u2013and instead suggests Megalon as the ultimate tool to create his utopia.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, Coppola is fair in his depictions and does not entirely champion Catalina\u2019s vision, clearly demonstrating how the \u2018Design Authority\u2019 (an organization run by Catalina to create Megalopolis) must destroy existing housing facilities to make way for the utopian construction. Authoritative, dictator-like and the perfect potion for inciting hatred and discord, Coppola involuntarily showcases how challenging the proposition of a utopian city can be for those entrenched in a dystopian one. Later in the film, we see the beginnings of a protest with sloganeering such as \u201chands off our homes\u201d blazoned over posters and signs amongst stoked fires to mimic rioting in response to the demolition of an apartment block. It is clear that there is a fear of change and subsequent panic stoked by Cicero, who still criticizes Catalina\u2019s plans even though the Megalon material has been successful. Catalina doesn\u2019t shy away from criticism; like a fabled genius, he admits that destruction is necessary for creation\u2013an extreme ideology to say the least.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"17556\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/2025\/02\/12\/megalopolis-and-the-15-minute-city\/brody-megalopolis\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/brody-megalopolis.webp\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1279\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Brody-Megalopolis\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/brody-megalopolis.webp?w=300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/brody-megalopolis.webp?w=750\" width=\"750\" height=\"374\" src=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/brody-megalopolis.webp?w=750\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17556\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>This Megalon substance is also incredibly interesting, as the great urban planners also believed that the materials from which a city was built would define their functionality and their purpose. The 15-minute city isn\u2019t dependent on a specific material, but it does share the same values that Catalina holds dear: interconnection and multi-purpose facilities. Megalon allows for \u201cfree movement\u201d and \u201cmanipulation\u201d according to Catalina and can grow with its people. Appearing to mimic nature, the material can give shelter from the rain as it grows over its citizens and is persistently shown in Catalina\u2019s visions to have curvature, softness and regenerative movement: all in sky-high layers. Coppola\u2019s utopia is brushed with the aforementioned science fiction, and thus slightly overstates its plausibility even in comparison to Le Corbusier\u2019s Radiant City. As the construction develops in the film and Catalina builds a home for himself and his wife, their home is bathed in natural light with plenty of shrubbery with spherical corridors throughout.<\/p>\n<p>In a rather tense scene between Cicero and Catalina, the former criticizes the mere notion of a utopian city in light of some promotional material Catalina has put together. In it, he says that \u201cto ask questions of each other, about the way we live, that is basically a utopia.\u201d Later on, as he puts together a mini model of the white energy walkways powered by Megalon (similar to airport travelators), we see advertising with \u201cwhatever you want, whenever you want\u201d plastered on digital billboards, seemingly powered by the same substance. On this, Cicero warns Catalina that any utopia \u201cturns into dystopia\u201d and that he shouldn\u2019t \u201cwaste time fantasizing about perfect choices,\u201d quoting Marcus Aurelius in the process. Coppola is, with great accuracy, showcasing the pessimistic responses our modern 15-minute city planners have received. Where politicians both British and American have suggested the idea to be too eccentric, a form of isolation, or similar to a lockdown, the Catalinas among our urban planners have been trying to prioritize communal living: learning, celebrating, and living together rather than alone. Nevertheless, similar to real-life critics, Cicero remains unimpressed and argues that utopias offer \u201cno ready-made solutions,\u201d an idea which, almost comically, directly contradicts the beliefs of our three great planners.<\/p>\n<p>As the film draws to a close, <em>Megalopolis<\/em> does in fact launch and is unveiled rather dramatically after accusations that it has cost too much power, workforce, and resources to create; perhaps valid criticisms when applied to our own urban realities. After all, when the state of current cities across the world is assessed, we see dystopian crises even after the centuries of industrial improvement. Although <em>Megalopolis<\/em> provides each adult with their own private garden, and its homes can expand as needed, the final images of the film showcase how minute Catalina\u2019s utopia is in comparison to the vastly dystopian remainder of New Rome. Much like the ideas of Howard, Wright and Le Corbusier, Catalina\u2019s vision for the world remains (even at the launch of Megalopolis) a gimmick, not fully realized nor fully accepted by its citizens. Coppola\u2019s passion project may have been ambitious (much like Catalina\u2019s own mission), but as evidenced throughout the film, a utopia can only be achieved through the support of its citizens, something neither Megalopolis nor Le Corbusier had. What Coppola suggests, in the context of the 15-minute city, is that there can be cooperation between the urban genius behind modern urban planning and our population. Through careful attention to the needs of the people, transparency in motivation and considerate construction, each stepping stone on the way to the next urban model has the potential to be widely embraced, beneficial and prosperous: just as Cesar Catalina intended.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"17560\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/2025\/02\/12\/megalopolis-and-the-15-minute-city\/pxl_20220630_053728513\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pxl_20220630_053728513.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2448,3264\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Pixel 5&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1656571048&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;2.57&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;274&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.009393&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;latitude&quot;:&quot;53.549275&quot;,&quot;longitude&quot;:&quot;-1.5176388888889&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"PXL_20220630_053728513\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pxl_20220630_053728513.jpg?w=225\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pxl_20220630_053728513.jpg?w=750\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pxl_20220630_053728513.jpg?w=768\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17560\" style=\"width:176px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Jannat Suleman is a British-Pakistani film critic, writer and programmer based in Yorkshire. With a vested interest in spotlighting South Asian talent, uplifting the underrepresented and expanding cinema to communities often closed-off from the big screen, Jannat has worked with community organizations and national publishers both in the UK and US to tell stories about film, on film and its surrounding culture.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Editor\u2019s Note: This is the third post in our theme for February 2025 \u201cCelluloid City\u201d which explores the role of and interplay between cities and film. You can see all posts from the theme here. By Jannat Suleman Since the introduction of the theoretical 15-minute city, there\u2019s been significant nitpicking at the so-called socialist concept [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":84238,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12032],"tags":[23063,2177,20936,17618],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-84237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-american-history","tag-15minute","tag-city","tag-megalopolis","tag-metropole"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Megalopolis and the 15-Minute City \u2013 The Metropole - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=84237\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Megalopolis and the 15-Minute City \u2013 The Metropole - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Editor\u2019s Note: This is the third post in our theme for February 2025 \u201cCelluloid City\u201d which explores the role of and interplay between cities and film. 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