{"id":80477,"date":"2025-02-10T20:07:27","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T20:07:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/business\/legal\/canadian-bill-s-210-proposes-age-verification-for-internet-users\/"},"modified":"2025-02-10T20:07:27","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T20:07:27","slug":"canadian-bill-s-210-proposes-age-verification-for-internet-users","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=80477","title":{"rendered":"Canadian Bill S-210 proposes age verification for internet users"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"post-body-3263432471704584795\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Your papers, please! Canadian Bill S-210 proposes age verification law for internet users.\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UN8eP6LlWVY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parl.ca\/legisinfo\/en\/bill\/44-1\/s-210\" target=\"_blank\">bill<\/a> working its way through the Parliament that presents a clear and present danger to the free and open internet, to freedom of expression and to privacy online. It\u2019s a private member\u2019s bill that shockingly has gotten traction.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>You may have heard of it, thanks to Professor Michael Geist, who has called the Bill \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.michaelgeist.ca\/2023\/12\/the-most-dangerous-canadian-internet-bill-youve-never-heard-of-is-a-step-closer-to-becoming-law\/\" target=\"_blank\">the Most Dangerous Canadian Internet Bill You\u2019ve Never Heard Of<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In a nutshell, it will require any website on the entire global internet that makes sexually explicit material available to verify the age of anyone who wants access, to ensure that they are not under the age of eighteen. Keeping sexually explicit material away from kids sounds like a laudable goal and one that most people can get behind.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The devil, as they say, is in the details. It presents a real risk to privacy, a real risk to freedom of expression and a real danger to the open internet in Canada. The author of the Bill says it does none of that, but I believe she is mistaken.<\/p>\n<p>The bill was introduced in the Senate of Canada in November 2021 by <a href=\"https:\/\/sencanada.ca\/en\/senators\/miville-dechene-julie\/\" target=\"_blank\">Senator Julie Miville-Dech\u00eane<\/a>. She is an independent senator, appointed by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in 2018. Much of her career was as a journalist, which makes her obliviousness of the freedom of expression impact of her bill puzzling. I don\u2019t think she\u2019s acting in bad faith, but I think she\u2019s mistaken about the scope and effect of her Bill.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In 2022, the Bill was considered by the Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs. That Committee reported it back to the Senate in November 2022, and it languished until it passed third reading in April 2023 and was referred to the House of Commons. Many people were surprised when the House voted in December 2023 to send it for consideration before the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security. Every Conservative, Block and NDP member present voted in favour of this, while most Liberals voted against it. Suddenly, the Bill had traction and what appeared to be broad support among the opposition parties.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>So what does the bill do and why is it problematic? Let\u2019s go through it clause by clause.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The main part of it \u2013 the prohibition and the offence \u2013 is contained in section 5. It creates an offence of \u201cmaking available\u201d \u201csexually explicit material\u201d on the Internet to a young person. This incorporates some defined terms, from section 2.\u00a0<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Making sexually explicit material available to a young person<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">5\u2002Any organization that, for commercial purposes, makes available sexually explicit material on the Internet to a young person is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable,<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">(a)\u2002for a first offence, to a fine of not more than $250,000; and<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">(b)\u2002for a second or subsequent offence, to a fine of not more than $500,000.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cMaking available\u201d is incredibly broad. When a definition says \u201c\u201dincludes\u201d, it means that it can mean more than the terms that follow. \u201cTransmitting\u201d is a very, very broad term. Is that intended to cover the people who operate the facilities over which porn is transmitted? It is very broad.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>A \u201cyoung person\u201d is a person under the age of 18. That\u2019s pretty clear.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The definition of \u201csexually explicit material\u201d is taken from the Criminal Code. It should be noted that this definition was created and put in the Criminal Code for a particular purpose. This is not a catch-all offence that makes it illegal to make sexually explicit material available to a young person. This is an element of an offence, where the purpose of providing this material to a young person is to facilitate another offence against a young person. Essentially, grooming a young person.\u00a0<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p><b>Definition of sexually explicit material<\/b><\/p>\n<p>(5) In subsection (1), sexually explicit material means material that is not child pornography, as defined in subsection 163.1(1), and that is<\/p>\n<p>(a) a photographic, film, video or other visual representation, whether or not it was made by electronic or mechanical means,<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(i) that shows a person who is engaged in or is depicted as engaged in explicit sexual activity, or<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(ii) the dominant characteristic of which is the depiction, for a sexual purpose, of a person\u2019s genital organs or anal region or, if the person is female, her breasts;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(b) written material whose dominant characteristic is the description, for a sexual purpose, of explicit sexual activity with a person; or<\/p>\n<p>(c) an audio recording whose dominant characteristic is the description, presentation or representation, for a sexual purpose, of explicit sexual activity with a person.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>To be clear, it is not a crime to make this sort of material available to a young person unless you\u2019re planning further harm to the young person.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s look at what is included in this definition. Visual, written or audio depictions of explicit activity. And visual depictions of certain body parts or areas, if it\u2019s done for a sexual purpose.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In paragraph 5(a)(i), it does not say that the depiction has to be explicit. It says the activity in which a person is engaged is explicit.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take a moment and let this sink in. This is not limited to porn sites.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This sort of material is broadcast on cable TV. It\u2019s certainly available in adult book stores (which specialize in certain types of publications), but it\u2019s also available in general book stores. This sort of material is available in every large library in Canada.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This definition would include educational materials.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This definition is so broad that it covers wikipedia articles related to art, reproduction and sexual health.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>It is certainly not limited to materials that would cause a reasoned risk of harm to a young person. And it doesn\u2019t take any account of the different maturity levels of young people. The sex ed curriculum is very different for 14 year olds, 16 year olds and 18 year olds.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Section 6 is where the government mandated age verification technology comes in. Essentially, you can\u2019t say that you thought you were only providing access to the defined material to adults. You have to implement a government prescribed age verification method to ensure that the people getting access are not under 18. That\u2019s essentially the only due diligence defence. We\u2019ll talk about government prescribed age verification methods shortly.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s another defence, which is \u201clegitimate purpose\u201d.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>No organization shall be convicted of an offence under section 5 if the act that is alleged to constitute the offence has a \u201clegitimate purpose related to science, medicine, education or the arts.\u201d Maybe that will be interpreted broadly so that wikipedia articles related to art, reproduction and sexual health are not included. But it\u2019s a defence, so it has to be raised after the person is charged. The onus is on the accused to raise it, not on the prosecution to take it into account at the time of laying a charge.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s also a defence that\u2019s available if the organization gets a \u201cSection 8\u201d notice and complies with it. \u201cWhat the heck are those?\u201d you may ask. The bill has an \u201cenforcement authority\u201d, who I\u2019m afraid will be the CRTC.<\/p>\n<p>If they have reasonable grounds to believe that an organization committed an offence under section 5 (by allowing young people to access explicit materials), the enforcement authority may issue a notice to them under this section.<\/p>\n<p>The notice names the organization, tells them they have reasonable grounds to believe they are violating the Act \u2013 but does not have to tell them the evidence of this. And they essentially get to order the organization to take \u201csteps that the enforcement authority considers necessary to ensure compliance with this Act\u201d. It doesn\u2019t say \u201c<b>THAT ARE NECESSARY<\/b>\u201d, but what the enforcement authority thinks is necessary.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>So the organization has twenty days to do all the things specified in the notice. They do get to make representations to the enforcement authority, but that doesn\u2019t stop the clock. The 20 days keeps ticking.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s where the rubber hits the road.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cenforcement authority\u201d, if they are not satisfied that the organization has taken the steps that the enforcement authority deems to be necessary, the enforcement authority gets to go to the Federal Court to get an order essentially blocking the site. Specifically, it says: \u201cfor an order requiring Internet service providers to prevent access to the sexually explicit material to young persons on the Internet in Canada.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Any Internet service provider who would be subject to the order would be named as a respondent to the proceedings, and presumably can make submissions. But I can only think of one or two internet service providers who would do anything other than consent to the order, while privately cheering.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Take a look at this section, which sets the criteria for the issuance of an order.<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(4)\u2002The Federal Court must order any respondent Internet service providers to prevent access to the sexually explicit material to young persons on the Internet in Canada if it determines that<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(a)\u2002there are reasonable grounds to believe that the organization that has been given notice under subsection 8(1) has committed the offence referred to in section 5;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(b)\u2002that organization has failed to take the steps referred to in paragraph 8(2)\u200d(c) within the period set out in paragraph 8(2)\u200d(d); and<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(c)\u2002the services provided by the Internet service providers who would be subject to the order may be used, in Canada, to access the sexually explicit material made available by that organization.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>It says the Court MUST issue the order \u2013 not MAY, but MUST, if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the organization committed the offence under the Act. It doesn\u2019t require proof beyond a reasonable doubt, it doesn\u2019t even require proof by a civil standard (being on a balance of probabilities or more likely than not), and it doesn\u2019t even require actual belief based on evidence that an offence was committed. It requires only \u201creasonable grounds to believe.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>And it requires them to have not taken all the steps dictated by the enforcement authority within the extremely brief period of twenty days.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the order MUST issue if the court determines \u201cthe services provided by the Internet service providers who would be subject to the order MAY be used, in Canada, to access the sexually explicit material made available by that organization\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>That is a really, really low bar for taking a site off the Canadian internet.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>But wait \u2013 there\u2019s more!<\/p>\n<p>The act specifically authorizes wide-ranging orders that would have the effect of blocking material that is not explicit and barring adult Canadians from seeking access to that same explicit material.<\/p>\n<p>And if you look at the first sentence of subsection 5, it says \u201cif the federal court determines that it is necessary to ensure that the sexually explicit material is not made available to young persons on the internet in Canada&#8221; it doesn&#8217;t say anything about limiting the continuation of the offense or even tying it to the alleged offense set out in the notice. This is really poorly drafted and constructed.<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p><b>Effect of order<\/b><\/p>\n<p>(5)\u2002If the Federal Court determines that it is necessary to ensure that the sexually explicit material is not made available to young persons on the Internet in Canada, an order made under subsection (4) may have the effect of preventing persons in Canada from being able to access<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(a)\u2002material other than sexually explicit material made available by the organization that has been given notice under subsection 8(1); or<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(b)\u2002sexually explicit material made available by the organization that has been given notice under subsection 8(1) even if the person seeking to access the material is not a young person.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>So, as we\u2019ve seen, all of this hinges on companies verifying the age of users before allowing access to explicit material and the only substantial defence to the offence set out in the act is to use a government-dictated and approved \u201cage verification method.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We need to remember, adult Canadians have an unquestioned right to access just about whatever they want, including explicit material.<\/p>\n<p>The criteria for approving an age verification method may be the only bright spot in this otherwise dim Act. And it\u2019s only somewhat bright.<\/p>\n<p>Before prescribing an age-verification method, the government has a long list of things they have to consider.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, the Governor in Council must consider whether the method<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>(a)\u2002is reliable;<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u2002maintains user privacy and protects user personal information;<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u2002collects and uses personal information solely for age-verification purposes, except to the extent required by law;<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u2002destroys any personal information collected for age-verification purposes once the verification is completed; and<\/p>\n<p>(e)\u2002generally complies with best practices in the fields of age verification and privacy protection.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>They just have to consider these. They\u2019re not \u201cmust haves\u201d, but good to haves. And there\u2019s no obligation on the part of the government to seek input from the Privacy Commissioner.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>So what\u2019s the current state of age verification? It\u2019s not uncommon to require a credit card, under the assumption that a person with a valid credit card is likely an adult. I\u2019m not sure that\u2019s the case any more and it may not be reliable.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s also ID verification, often coupled with biometrics. You take a photo of your government-issued ID, take a selfie, and software reads the ID, confirms you\u2019re over 18 and compares the photo on the ID to the photo you\u2019ve taken. That involves collecting personal information from your ID, which very likely includes way more information than is necessary to confirm your age. It involves collecting your image, and it involves collecting and using the biometrics from your selfie and your ID.<\/p>\n<p>Do you really want to provide your detailed personal information, that could readily be used for identity theft or fraud, to a porn site? Or a third party \u201cage verification service\u201d?<\/p>\n<p>One scheme was proposed in the UK a number of years ago, in which you would go to a brick and mortar establishment like a pub or a post office, show your ID and be given a random looking code. That code would confirm that someone reliable checked your ID and determined you were of age. Of course, this becomes a persistent identifier that can be used to trace your steps across the internet. And I can imagine a black market in ID codes emerging pretty quickly.<\/p>\n<p>And there are some important things missing. For example, is it universally applicable? Not everyone has government-issued ID. Some systems rely on having a valid credit card. Not everyone has one, let alone a bank account.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The Bill\u2019s sponsor and supporters say \u201csmart people will come up with something\u201d that is reliable and protects privacy. Why don\u2019t we wait until we have that before considering passing a bill like this?<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s game this out with a hypothetical. Imagine, if you will, a massive online encyclopedia. It has thousands upon thousands \u2013 maybe millions \u2013 of articles, authored by thousands of volunteers. They cover the full range of subjects known to humanity, which of course includes reproduction and sexual health. A very small subset of the content they host and that their volunteers have created would fit into the category of \u201csexually explicit material\u201d, but it is there, it exists and it is not age-gated.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The operators of this encyclopedia very reasonably take the view that their mission is educational and they\u2019re entitled to the protection of the legitimate purpose defence that is supposed to protect \u201cscience, medicine, education or the arts\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>They also take the view that providing access to their educational material in Canada is protected by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. And they also reasonably take the view that the Charter protects the rights of Canadians to access the content they produce.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>But one day, a busy-body complains to the CRTC\u2019s porn force that this online encyclopedia contains material that may be sexually explicit. The captain of the porn force drafts up a notice under Section 8, telling them that they must make sure that only people who have confirmed their age of majority via a government approved age verification technique can get access to explicit content.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The encyclopedia writes back and says \u201cplease let us know what is your criteria for judging whether something is published \u2018for a sexual purpose\u2019, as required in many parts of the definition.\u201d Also, they say, their purpose is entirely educational, so they have a legitimate purpose. And they also mention the Charter. Meanwhile, 20 days pass by.<\/p>\n<p>So the porn force makes an application in the Federal Court and serves notice on all the major internet service providers. None of the internet service providers show up at the hearing. The publishers of the encyclopedia hire a really good Canadian internet lawyer, who tells the court that the encyclopedia\u2019s purpose is legitimate and related to education. And they\u2019re likely not engaged in \u201ccommercial activity\u201d. And cutting off access to the encyclopedia would be unconstitutional as a violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The government lawyer, on behalf of the porn force, points to section 9(4) and says the court has no discretion to NOT issue the order if there are reasonable grounds to believe an offence has been committed and they didn\u2019t follow the dictates set out in the Section 8 notice.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Even with the encyclopedia&#8217;s information about their purposes, the bar of \u201creasonable grounds to believe\u201d is so low that paragraph (a) is met. Since the encyclopedia didn\u2019t follow the Section 8 order because they were sure they had a defence to the charge, paragraph (b) is met. And an order to all Canadian ISPs to block access to the encyclopedia would have the effect set out in paragraph (c).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Slam dunk. The Court must issue that order. But what about the fact that it would have the effect of cutting ALL Canadians off from the 99.999% of the site\u2019s content that are not explicit? Tough. Paragraph (5) of Section 9 says that\u2019s ok. No encyclopedia for you!<\/p>\n<p>A Charter challenge would then be raised, and the whole thing would likely be declared unconstitutional as a violation of section 2(b) of the Charter that can\u2019t be justified by section 1.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In short \u2013 even if you think this Bill is well intentioned \u2013 it is heavy handed, poorly constructed, doesn\u2019t take freedom of expression into account and imagines that we can manufacture some magical fairy dust technology that will make the obvious privacy issues disappear. In short, it is a blunt instrument that imagines it\u2019ll fix the problem.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>And I should note that it will likely also have the effect of hurting older children who haven\u2019t yet hit eighteen. The internet, its many communities and information repositories, are all critical for young people seeking legitimate information related to sexual health, sexual orientation and gender identity. Much of this information would fit into the broad definition of sexually explicit material, and it will be illegal for someone to allow them access via the internet. It will remain legal for them to get it in a bookstore or a library, but that\u2019s not how young people generally access information in 2024.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>I expect some supporters of this bill will be more than happy to see it limit Canadians\u2019 right to access lawful material.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s good to see a discussion of this important issue. Even if you\u2019re in favour of the objectives of this Bill, it is deeply, deeply problematic. It should be parked until there\u2019s a way to deal with this issue without potentially violating the privacy rights and Charter rights of Canadians.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There\u2019s a bill working its way through the Parliament that presents a clear and present danger to the free and open internet, to freedom of expression and to privacy online. It\u2019s a private member\u2019s bill that shockingly has gotten traction.\u00a0 You may have heard of it, thanks to Professor Michael Geist, who has called the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[1082,6795,14072,15575,15224,40422,11344,32938],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-80477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal","tag-age","tag-bill","tag-canadian","tag-internet","tag-proposes","tag-s210","tag-users","tag-verification"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Canadian Bill S-210 proposes age verification for internet users - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=80477\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Canadian Bill S-210 proposes age verification for internet users - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There\u2019s a bill working its way through the Parliament that presents a clear and present danger to the free and open internet, to freedom of expression and to privacy online. 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