{"id":74496,"date":"2025-02-07T22:04:30","date_gmt":"2025-02-07T22:04:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/american-history\/censorship-and-irish-catholic-nation-building-nursing-clio\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T22:04:30","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T22:04:30","slug":"censorship-and-irish-catholic-nation-building-nursing-clio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496","title":{"rendered":"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"blog-title\">\u2018The Moral Ideas of the Community\u2019: Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building<\/h3>\n<div class=\"m-post-byline-with-avatar\" style=\"display: flex; white-space: preserve\">\n<style><![CDATA[.m-post-avatars{ display: flex; margin-right: 10px; }.m-post-avatar{ border-radius: 100%; z-index: 1; }.m-post-avatar img { border-radius: 100% }.m-post-avatar:not(:first-of-type){ margin-left: -7px }.m-post-avatar:nth-child(1){ z-index:1}]]><\/style>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"m-post-avatars\">\n<div class=\"m-post-avatar\" data-author-id=\"607\" data-author-type=\"user\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06e8bba62bd6079ad4356156982a7fb2?s=36&amp;d=blank&amp;r=pg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06e8bba62bd6079ad4356156982a7fb2?s=72&amp;d=blank&amp;r=pg 2x\" class=\"avatar avatar-36 photo\" height=\"36\" width=\"36\" itemprop=\"image\"\/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nursingclio.org\/author\/gracia-larsen-schmidt\/\">Gracia Larsen-Schmidt<\/a><\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Though Ireland has never had an official state religion, Catholicism played a prominent role in shaping the nation during its struggle for independence and in the decades following. In the wake of new independence, those governing the country sought to bolster an Irish identity in opposition to that of the British.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-0\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-0\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> These efforts were heavily influenced by a conservative, institutional Catholicism so entrenched in the country\u2019s politics and culture that the Church had a near-encompassing \u201cmonopoly on morality.\u201d<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-1\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-1\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> Catholicism in 20th-century Ireland embodied a culture of paternalism, a hierarchy in which those in power restrict the people\u2019s freedom while maintaining that such restrictions benefit the people. Administrative agencies such as the Censorship of Publications Board reflected a government structured by the dominant co-influences of paternalistic Catholicism and efforts to establish national identity. Protecting a version of Irishness distinctly informed by early 20th-century Irish-Catholic morality, the Censorship of Publications Board reinforced a narrow construction of both morality and Irish national identity by keeping literature discussing desire, sexuality, and contraception from Irish readers. In doing so the Board\u2019s project of censorship policed Irish citizens and particularly marginalized women and queer individuals.<\/p>\n<p>In 1926, the Irish Minister for Justice formed a five-person Committee on Evil Literature to investigate \u201cwhether it is necessary in the interest of public morality to extend the existing powers of the State to prohibit or restrict the sale and circulation of printed matter.\u201d<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-2\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> To answer this question, the Committee gathered opinions from eight community organizations, seven of which were directly affiliated with the Catholic Church.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-3\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> After a year of deliberation, the Committee on Evil Literature produced a <a href=\"https:\/\/opac.oireachtas.ie\/AWData\/Library3\/Library2\/DL068551.pdf\">20-page report<\/a> recommending the formation of a Censorship of Publications Board and detailing the kind of material they proposed the Board censor. The first section of the report was devoted to an examination of the terms \u201cindecency\u201d and \u201cobscenity,\u201d which were identified as \u201coffensive in sexual matters to the moral ideas of the community.\u201d<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-4\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Community morality is a highly variable concept, even within a specific place and time. To define terms in relation to \u201cthe moral ideas of the community,\u201d was to make a generalization about who constituted the community. Here, the \u201ccommunity\u2019s\u201d ideas of public morality were defined by early 20th-century conservative Irish-Catholic values as gleaned from a committee of five men and a small number of Catholic organizations. Historian Senia Pa\u0161eta writes that \u201cdespite the guarantees of religious toleration which were enshrined in the 1922 constitution, the Irish Free State molded a form of citizenship in which active endorsement of, and obedience to, Catholic doctrine was implicit.\u201d<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-5\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> The Committee on Evil Literature exemplified how Catholic doctrine permeated the new government of the Irish Free State: in defining indecency and obscenity as enemies of public morality, the Committee effectively enshrined conservative Catholic definitions into secular governmental policy.<\/p>\n<p>The Committee\u2019s 1926 report consistently emphasized that problematic content came from the outside, a narrative that legitimized the necessity of a Censorship Board by positing censorship as an imperative battle to protect innocent Irish people.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-6\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> As historian Averill Earls <a href=\"https:\/\/nursingclio.org\/2018\/02\/13\/explicit-censorship-sexology-and-sexuality-in-independent-ireland\/\">has argued<\/a>, government bodies such as the Censorship of Publications Board drew parameters around what constituted Irishness through the act of restricting access to literature discussing desire and contraception. As the Board othered these subject matters as non-Irish, it reasserted its moral authority and reinforced the Irish citizenry\u2019s separation from such content.<\/p>\n<p>Informed by the recommendations of the report by the Committee on Evil Literature, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishstatutebook.ie\/eli\/1929\/act\/21\/enacted\/en\/print\">Censorship of Publications Act, 1929<\/a> established a Censorship Board made up of five individuals who would be appointed by the Minister for Justice. The Act detailed three categories of publications to be prohibited: periodicals excessively detailing crime; \u201cindecent or obscene\u201d literature; and publications advocating \u201cthe unnatural prevention of conception.\u201d<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-7\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34872\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34872\" style=\"width: 614px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34872\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/nursingclio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/evil3.gif?resize=614%2C237&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"The front pages of several pamphlets, including &quot;Family Limitation&quot; by Margaret Sanger.\" width=\"614\" height=\"237\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34872\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Selection of birth control literature submitted to the Committee on Evil Literature. (Courtesy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalarchives.ie\/topics\/evil_lit\/evil_article_1.html\">National Archives of Ireland<\/a>, NAI JUS 7\/2\/9)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Through these restrictions the Irish government identified and cemented these categories as antithetical to public morality and Irish national identity. By preventing Irish people from exploring themes of desire and accessing information about contraception, the Board leaned into pre-existing Irish-Catholic antagonism towards sex, homosexuality, and contraceptives. And as it enforced this conservative Catholic morality, the Board was in turn reinforced by an Irish-Catholic nationalism that necessitated a paternalistic program of censorship as means to protect and preserve a certain vision of Catholic Irishness.<\/p>\n<p>The connection between Irish-Catholic morality and censorship made challenging the Board difficult: when censorship meant the protection of good, moral Irish people, criticism of censorship was an indictment of not only a person\u2019s morality but also their identity. This threat directly impacted how information was mediated and produced. As historian Mark O\u2019Brien argues, during the height of censorship, Irish newspapers began to avoid the mere mention of contraceptives for fear of being accused of promoting deviance.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-8\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> In addition to its punitive authority to ban, fine, and imprison, the Board wielded the power to instill in the public and the press a fear of being maligned\u2014a power rooted in its portrayal of censorship as a moral endeavor.<\/p>\n<p>Censorship prevented Irish people from accessing materials that depicted, humanized, and communicated specific elements of human life relating to sexuality, desire, and bodies. The depictions of national identity available to Irish readers did not include a diversity of genders and sexualities nor discussions on how to express desire. They were also unlikely to offer information regarding one\u2019s own body and reproductive system, which was particularly troubling for women and intersex individuals. Censorship policed human representations and bodies in the name of defending Catholic morals and national identity.<\/p>\n<p>The use of Irish-Catholic nation building to define and warrant censorship marginalized Irish citizens whose gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation deviated from the state\u2019s acceptable version of Irishness. Literary depictions of queer, trans, and gender-nonconforming Irish individuals were considered indecent and obscene as the early 20th-century Irish-Catholic Church deemed these identities immoral and censorship confirmed them as non-Irish. Irish women were also marginalized by censorship, as decisions pertaining to their health and bodies were made for them by the men in power. As Irish politician and feminist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/culture\/books\/hanna-sheehy-skeffington-fighting-ireland-s-masculine-monopoly-1.3242516\">Hanna Sheehy Skeffington noted in 1928<\/a>, those who imposed censorship legislation deemed women \u201cnot only dangerous and explosive, but also a rather indecent quantity.\u201d It is not so hard to see how in censoring \u201cindecent\u201d literature, the Board censored whatever was seen as \u201cindecent\u201d in Irish women.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34873\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34873\" style=\"width: 356px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34873\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/nursingclio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/evil5.gif?resize=356%2C486&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"An illustration of boys gathered around a bonfire and the headline, &quot;Burning of a Blasphemous Publication.&quot;\" width=\"356\" height=\"486\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34873\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Extract from <i>Our Boys<\/i> magazine showing the burning of an unnamed London publication, 1925. (Courtesy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalarchives.ie\/topics\/evil_lit\/evil_article_2.html\">National Archives of Ireland<\/a>, NAI JUS 7\/2\/7)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Censorship continued to be a tool of repression in the decades after the Censorship of Publications was passed in 1929. The nation shifted towards what scholar Terry Eagleton refers to as \u201cliberal paternalism,\u201d which, while more permissive than earlier Irish-Catholic paternalistic structures, often offered the appearance of freedom without the reality.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-9\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> The Censorship of Publications Board molded itself to the new expectations of liberal paternalistic society through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishstatutebook.ie\/eli\/1946\/act\/1\/enacted\/en\/html\">Censorship of Publications Act, 1946<\/a>. The new act granted citizens the ability to appeal censorship decisions, but appeals were decided by an Appeal Board whose members, like the Censorship of Publications Board, were appointed directly by the Minister for Justice. Thus, decisions about the appropriateness of literature were still ultimately decided by the men in power. As Irish writer and critic Se\u00e1n \u00d3 Faol\u00e1in wrote in a 1948 letter to the editor:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI might remind the public that what writers have asked for was an Appeal Board, where their cases could be tried in a legal manner, and in public, since they were condemned publicly\u2026 Our whole point was that we were, and still are, outlawed\u2014our work secretly condemned without legal redress. So it remains. We have no idea whether the present Appeal Board even meets.\u201d<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-10\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-10\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00d3 Faol\u00e1in\u2019s remarks evidence the Board\u2019s persistent lack of accountability. Because the appeal process was opaque, and the Board still dictated suitable literature according to its own interpretation of Irish-Catholic morality, the 1946 Act had no real impact on the paternalistic structure.<\/p>\n<p>It took many years, rapid secularization, and increasing social liberalism to loosen the grip of the Censorship of Publications Board. With the swift secularization of the past 25 years, the Censorship of Publications Board could no longer rely on an implicit religious moral mandate to defend the necessity of censorship.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-11\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-11\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> Neither could it rely on conservative, paternalistic routes to national identity-building. Though the nation still has a Catholic majority, Ireland\u2019s Catholicism today is generally far more socially liberal and far less institutional and conservative.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-12\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-12\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> The Board\u2019s power diminished and censorship greatly relaxed as the Board began to rely on an enshrined definition of morality and a conceptualization of Irishness that increasingly embraced the values and priorities of the people.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, in 2023 Ireland\u2019s Minister for Justice <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.ie\/en\/press-release\/dfd8b-minister-mcentee-proposes-new-bill-to-repeal-almost-century-old-censorship-of-publications-act\/\">proposed a bill <\/a>that would repeal the Censorship of Publications Acts. Announcing the bill, the Minister for Justice stated, \u201cin the almost one hundred years of the censorship of publications legislation, there has been a dramatic shift in social policy and societal values in Ireland\u201d and added that \u201crepeal would mark another chapter in moving on from parts of Ireland\u2019s past that no longer have a place in the present.\u201d<sup><sup><a id=\"post-34862-footnote-ref-13\" href=\"#post-34862-footnote-13\">[14] <\/a><\/sup><\/sup>Her words articulated the dissonance between the morals and national identity the Board was set up to protect and that of the present nation. Nevertheless, it is worth considering that it took nearly 100 years for there to be legitimate moves within the Irish government to officially end their paternalistic and marginalizing censorship policies.<\/p>\n<p>In one form or another, desire, sex, queerness, contraception, and abortion have repeatedly been targeted by censorship policies across the world and throughout history. Today, the pervasiveness of censorship is evident in the dramatic rise in <a href=\"https:\/\/pen.org\/report\/narrating-the-crisis\/\">school book bans<\/a> in the United States and beyond, instances of big tech deliberately restricting information about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2024\/mar\/27\/meta-and-google-accused-of-restricting-reproductive-health-information\">reproductive health<\/a>, and the Hungarian government\u2019s requirement that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/jul\/12\/hungarian-bookstore-chain-wraps-books-lgbtq-characters-plastic\">LGBTQIA+ books be sealed in plastic wrap<\/a>. Censoring materials relating to desire, sexuality, and bodily autonomy is a dangerous tool, often wielded by paternalistic, authoritarian-leaning states. It prevents people from exploring their full emotionality, physicality, and agency by limiting citizens to content deemed acceptable by those in power. In instances in which censorship restricts materials relating to desire, sexuality, and bodily autonomy, censorship becomes a tool for those in power to decide <em>whose<\/em> desire, sexuality, and bodily autonomy is right.<\/p>\n<section id=\"sources\">\n<h4>Notes<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-0\">Timothy J. White, \u201cThe Impact of British Colonialism on Irish Catholicism and National Identity: Repression, Reemergence, and Divergence,\u201d <em>\u00c9tudes irlandaises<\/em> 35, no. 1 (2010): 21-37. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/etudesirlandaises.1743\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/etudesirlandaises.1743<\/a> <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-1\">Inglis, Tom. <em>Moral Monopoly\u202f: The Catholic Church in Modern Irish Society<\/em>. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1987. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-2\">Report of the Committee on Evil Literature, 1926, (Ireland), 3. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-3\">Report of the Committee on Evil Literature, 4. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-4\">Report of the Committee on Evil Literature, 8. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-5\">Senia Pa\u0161eta, \u201cCensorship and Its Critics in the Irish Free State 1922-1932,\u201d <em>Past &amp; Present<\/em>, no. 181 (2003): 193\u2013218. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3600789. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-6\">Report of the Committee on Evil Literature. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-7\">Censorship of Publications Act, 1929, (Ireland). <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-8\">Mark O\u2019Brien, \u201cWriting a Sexual Revolution: Contraception, Bodily Autonomy, and the Women\u2019s Pages in Irish National Newspapers, 1935\u20131979,\u201d <em>Journal of the History of Sexuality<\/em> 30, no. 1 (01, 2021): 92-111. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/JHS30104. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-9\">Terry Eagleton, \u201cPriesthood and Paternalism,\u201d <em>New Blackfriars<\/em> 47, no. 546 (1965): 141\u201357. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43244165. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-10\">National Archives of Ireland, JUS\/9\/957, 1948-1949, Banned and Unbanned cuttings from \u201cIrish Times\u201d regarding the censorship of publications. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-11\">92.6% of the population of Ireland was Catholic at the time of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cso.ie\/en\/media\/csoie\/census\/census1926results\/volume3\/C_5_1926_V3_T1abc.pdf\">1926 census<\/a>. The percent grew slightly over the following decades and peaked in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cso.ie\/en\/media\/csoie\/census\/census1961results\/volume7\/C_1961_Vol_7_T1abc.pdf\">1961 census<\/a> with 95% of the population listed as Catholic. In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cso.ie\/en\/csolatestnews\/pressreleases\/2004pressreleases\/2002censusofpopulation-volume12-religion\/#:~:text=Buncrana%20(94.3%25)%20had%20the,%25)%20and%20Bandon%20(4.7%25).\">2002 census<\/a>, the percentage was still fairly high with 88.4% listed as Catholic, but by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cso.ie\/en\/releasesandpublications\/ep\/p-cpp5\/census2022profile5-diversitymigrationethnicityirishtravellersreligion\/keyfindings\/#:~:text=Census%202022%20results%20show%20that%20the%20percentage%20of%20the%20population,14%25%20of%20the%20total%20population.\">2022<\/a> the percent had fallen to 69%, a nearly 20-point decrease in 20 years. In that same period of time, the percent of the population identifying as not having a religion jumped from 3.5% to over 14%. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-12\">Tom Inglis, \u201cChurch and Culture in Catholic Ireland,\u201d <em>Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review<\/em> 106, no. 421 (2017): 21\u201330. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/90001071\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/90001071<\/a>. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-34862-footnote-13\">\u201cMinister McEntee Proposes New Bill to Repeal Almost Century Old Censorship of Publications Act,\u201d gov.ie, November 21, 2023. https:\/\/www.gov.ie\/en\/press-release\/dfd8b-minister-mcentee-proposes-new-bill-to-repeal-almost-century-old-censorship-of-publications-act\/. <a href=\"#post-34862-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<p>Featured image caption: Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/hand-holding-burning-book-14649992\/\">Sefa Tekin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- MOLONGUI AUTHORSHIP PLUGIN 5.0.12 --><br \/>\n<!-- https:\/\/www.molongui.com\/wordpress-plugin-post-authors --><\/p>\n<div class=\"m-a-box \" data-box-layout=\"slim\" data-box-position=\"below\" data-multiauthor=\"false\" data-author-id=\"607\" data-author-type=\"user\" data-author-archived=\"\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-container\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-tab m-a-box-content m-a-box-profile\" data-profile-layout=\"layout-1\" data-author-ref=\"user-607\" itemscope=\"\" itemid=\"https:\/\/nursingclio.org\/author\/gracia-larsen-schmidt\/\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-content-middle\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-avatar\" data-source=\"local\"><a class=\"m-a-box-avatar-url\" href=\"https:\/\/nursingclio.org\/author\/gracia-larsen-schmidt\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06e8bba62bd6079ad4356156982a7fb2?s=90&amp;d=blank&amp;r=pg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06e8bba62bd6079ad4356156982a7fb2?s=180&amp;d=blank&amp;r=pg 2x\" class=\"avatar avatar-90 photo\" height=\"90\" width=\"90\" itemprop=\"image\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"m-a-box-item m-a-box-data\">\n<div class=\"m-a-box-bio\" itemprop=\"description\">\n<p>Gracia Larsen-Schmidt is an undergraduate student at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota and is studying English with concentrations in Gender and Sexuality Studies, Race and Ethnic Studies, and Statistics and Data Science. She is currently a part of an investigative journalism program, works as a writing tutor on campus, and is a student researcher for an ethnographic project examining the construction of femininity in the endurance running world.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-bottom:24px\"\/>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" style=\"margin-top:4px;margin-bottom:10px\">Discover more from Nursing Clio<\/h3>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:15px\">Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2018The Moral Ideas of the Community\u2019: Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building Gracia Larsen-Schmidt Though Ireland has never had an official state religion, Catholicism played a prominent role in shaping the nation during its struggle for independence and in the decades following. In the wake of new independence, those governing the country sought to bolster an [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":74497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12032],"tags":[2539,8370,15852,38425,20171,15851],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-74496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-american-history","tag-building","tag-censorship","tag-clio","tag-irishcatholic","tag-nation","tag-nursing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2018The Moral Ideas of the Community\u2019: Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building Gracia Larsen-Schmidt Though Ireland has never had an official state religion, Catholicism played a prominent role in shaping the nation during its struggle for independence and in the decades following. In the wake of new independence, those governing the country sought to bolster an [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-07T22:04:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b85e3c3dc0e1daea076524dc8810c371\"},\"headline\":\"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-07T22:04:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496\"},\"wordCount\":2127,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Building\",\"censorship\",\"Clio\",\"IrishCatholic\",\"Nation\",\"Nursing\"],\"articleSection\":[\"American History\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496\",\"name\":\"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio - Som2ny Network\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-07T22:04:30+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":750},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?bp_activities=1\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/\",\"name\":\"Som2ny Network\",\"description\":\"Daily Deals\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Som2ny Network\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4a0953c4-logo-300x86-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4a0953c4-logo-300x86-1.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":86,\"caption\":\"Som2ny Network\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b85e3c3dc0e1daea076524dc8810c371\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/729ae85bf62b9917e93538db2f2688ca?s=96&r=g&default=https%3A%2F%2Ffivemor.com%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fbuddypress-first-letter-avatar%2Fimages%2Fdefault%2F96%2Flatin_a.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/729ae85bf62b9917e93538db2f2688ca?s=96&r=g&default=https%3A%2F%2Ffivemor.com%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fbuddypress-first-letter-avatar%2Fimages%2Fdefault%2F96%2Flatin_a.png\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio - Som2ny Network","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio - Som2ny Network","og_description":"\u2018The Moral Ideas of the Community\u2019: Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building Gracia Larsen-Schmidt Though Ireland has never had an official state religion, Catholicism played a prominent role in shaping the nation during its struggle for independence and in the decades following. In the wake of new independence, those governing the country sought to bolster an [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496","og_site_name":"Som2ny Network","article_published_time":"2025-02-07T22:04:30+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1080,"height":750,"url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b85e3c3dc0e1daea076524dc8810c371"},"headline":"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio","datePublished":"2025-02-07T22:04:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496"},"wordCount":2127,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg","keywords":["Building","censorship","Clio","IrishCatholic","Nation","Nursing"],"articleSection":["American History"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496","name":"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio - Som2ny Network","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg","datePublished":"2025-02-07T22:04:30+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pexels-sefa-tekin-164969501-14649992.jpg","width":1080,"height":750},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=74496#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?bp_activities=1"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Censorship and Irish-Catholic Nation Building \u2013 Nursing Clio"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/","name":"Som2ny Network","description":"Daily Deals","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization","name":"Som2ny Network","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4a0953c4-logo-300x86-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4a0953c4-logo-300x86-1.png","width":300,"height":86,"caption":"Som2ny Network"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b85e3c3dc0e1daea076524dc8810c371","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/729ae85bf62b9917e93538db2f2688ca?s=96&r=g&default=https%3A%2F%2Ffivemor.com%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fbuddypress-first-letter-avatar%2Fimages%2Fdefault%2F96%2Flatin_a.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/729ae85bf62b9917e93538db2f2688ca?s=96&r=g&default=https%3A%2F%2Ffivemor.com%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fbuddypress-first-letter-avatar%2Fimages%2Fdefault%2F96%2Flatin_a.png","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/fivemor.com"],"url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=74496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74496\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/74497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=74496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=74496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=74496"},{"taxonomy":"dealstore","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fdealstore&post=74496"},{"taxonomy":"offerexpiration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fofferexpiration&post=74496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}