{"id":72617,"date":"2025-02-07T01:23:09","date_gmt":"2025-02-07T01:23:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/american-history\/former-camp-slaves-and-systemic-racism-in-the-jim-crow-south\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T01:23:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T01:23:09","slug":"former-camp-slaves-and-systemic-racism-in-the-jim-crow-south","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=72617","title":{"rendered":"Former Camp Slaves and Systemic Racism in the Jim Crow South"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div itemprop=\"articleBody\">\n<p>Last week I had the pleasure of once again assisting the research staff at PBS\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/weta\/finding-your-roots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Finding Your<\/em> <em>Roots <\/em><\/a>with interpreting a document that relates to my <a href=\"https:\/\/uncpress.org\/book\/9781469653266\/searching-for-black-confederates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scholarship on the Black Confederate myth<\/a> and the history of Confederate body servants or camp slaves.<\/p>\n<p>The document in question is one that I know very well. In the 1920s five former Confederate states issued pensions to a small number of former body servants. These documents are easy to access and have been intentionally misrepresented by organizations like the Sons of Confederate Veterans and others, who seek to use these files to prove that Black men fought as soldiers for the Confederacy and that the preservation of slavery was incidental to the goals of the Confederate nation. Even a cursory glance at these files indicates that these men were understood as \u201cservants\u201d or former slaves.<\/p>\n<p>Here is the pension file from South Carolina for Emanuel Howell that we discussed:<\/p>\n<p class=\"caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cwmemory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Paulling-Hamilton-1923-May-7-Civil-War-Pension-Application-for-Emanuel-Howell-former-enslaved-man-of-Paulling-family-South-Carolina-S126088-SC-State-Archives-archivesindex.sc_.gov_.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-45326\" src=\"https:\/\/cwmemory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Paulling-Hamilton-1923-May-7-Civil-War-Pension-Application-for-Emanuel-Howell-former-enslaved-man-of-Paulling-family-South-Carolina-S126088-SC-State-Archives-archivesindex.sc_.gov_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cwmemory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Paulling-Hamilton-1923-May-7-Civil-War-Pension-Application-for-Emanuel-Howell-former-enslaved-man-of-Paulling-family-South-Carolina-S126088-SC-State-Archives-archivesindex.sc_.gov_.jpg 620w, https:\/\/cwmemory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Paulling-Hamilton-1923-May-7-Civil-War-Pension-Application-for-Emanuel-Howell-former-enslaved-man-of-Paulling-family-South-Carolina-S126088-SC-State-Archives-archivesindex.sc_.gov_-233x300.jpg 233w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\"\/><\/a>Paulling, Hamilton 1923 (May 7) Civil War Pension Application for Emanuel Howell (former enslaved man of Paulling family), South Carolina S126088, SC State Archives archivesindex.sc.gov<\/p>\n<p>I guided the team through the document emphasizing Lost Cause themes such as the reference to the \u201cWar between the States\u201d and especially\u00a0 the clause that asks the applicant to swear \u201cremaining faithful to the Confederacy.\u201d Not surprisingly the research team had already noted these points, but what they missed was what followed in the very same sentence.<\/p>\n<p>Former slaves didn\u2019t just have to demonstrate their loyalty to the Confederacy, but that their \u201cconduct <strong>since then<\/strong> has been such that will entitle him to a pension.\u201d What could this possibly mean?<\/p>\n<p>Understanding this involves placing the document in proper context. The First World War had just recently ended with the United States having made the world \u201cSafe For Democracy.\u201d Black soldiers had come home wearing their uniforms and carrying weapons and were viewed as a threat by white Americans, especially in the South.<\/p>\n<p>White control by the 1920s had been solidified through the passage of new state constitutions that limited Black voting, segregation laws that separated the races in virtually every aspect of life, and through extra-legal methods such as lynchings, but there was always the fear of Black activists and other threats to this fragile racial status quo.<\/p>\n<p>What I found in the course of my research is that former body servants were singled out throughout the post-Civil War period for knowing their place in a white dominated world. They were praised for not voting Republican during Reconstruction and remaining loyal to the Democratic Party. Some attended Confederate veterans reunions and told stories about how they rescued their former masters on battlefields or how they bravely brandished a rifle to shoot at the enemy.<\/p>\n<p>In short, they were celebrated in order to contrast their behavior with a younger generation of African Americans who continued to push for civil rights through the Republican Party and other organizations.<\/p>\n<p>These are the men who were awarded pensions at the very end of their lives.<\/p>\n<p>But there is something else about these documents that I am now able to see much more clearly in light of the public discussion about Critical Race Theory. The documents and the pension program itself helped to reinforce white supremacy at a crucial point. Each applicant was forced to perform for the state by declaring and accepting, in front of representatives of the local community, his second class status, which in turn legitimized the systemic racism within the state.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, we need to acknowledge the extent to which the state leveraged the power of history as a means to maintaining and justifying its racist legal infrastructure and how it relied on the very individuals, at an incredibly vulnerable time in their lives, to ensure its continuation.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last week I had the pleasure of once again assisting the research staff at PBS\u2019s Finding Your Roots with interpreting a document that relates to my scholarship on the Black Confederate myth and the history of Confederate body servants or camp slaves. The document in question is one that I know very well. In the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":72618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12032],"tags":[15122,24288,25956,37418,32491,6658,37787],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-72617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-american-history","tag-camp","tag-crow","tag-jim","tag-racism","tag-slaves","tag-south","tag-systemic"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Former Camp Slaves and Systemic Racism in the Jim Crow South - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=72617\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Former Camp Slaves and Systemic Racism in the Jim Crow South - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Last week I had the pleasure of once again assisting the research staff at PBS\u2019s Finding Your Roots with interpreting a document that relates to my scholarship on the Black Confederate myth and the history of Confederate body servants or camp slaves. 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