{"id":7051791,"date":"2026-08-30T12:58:25","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T12:58:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/uncategorized\/hemplogic-hemp-from-mythos-to-monoculture\/"},"modified":"2026-08-30T12:58:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T12:58:25","slug":"hemplogic-hemp-from-mythos-to-monoculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=7051791","title":{"rendered":"HempLogic: HEMP: FROM MYTHOS TO MONOCULTURE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"\">\n<p>\nNow that hemp has finally arrived at its long-sought status as a legal crop and commodity, to what extent will it deviate from the utopian vision that animated the advocates who fought for it a generation ago?<\/p>\n<p>\nA tension that has always existed between two currents in the subculture of hemp advocacy is increasingly weighted toward the more mundane \u2014 activists versus entrepreneurs, idealism versus pragmatism, agrarianism versus agribusiness. And finally the original paradigm of a crop with multitudinous uses as \u201cfood, fuel and fiber\u201d versus the hegemony of<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\nCan a capitalist commodity live up to the promise of hemp\u2019s early promoters and zealots? How real was that promise to begin with? A generation later, how do we parse the exuberant claims of the \u201chempsters\u201d \u2014 including their conspiratorial interpretations of the history of prohibition?<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nTHE ANIMATING MYTHOS \u2014 AND THE CONSPIRACY THEORY<\/h2>\n<p>\nAt the time that the nation\u2019s first drug czar Harry Anslinger launched his crusade to prohibit cannabis in the 1930s, the hemp industry was on the cusp of an anticipated boom. Years of slow decline due to the abandonment of sailing ships (dependent on hemp for sails and rigging) stood to be reversed by advances in decorticator technology. This device efficiently separates fiber from hurds, opening possibilities for more efficient application of the crop in production of paper, clothing and fabrics.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<em><strong><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TOP 16 QUOTES BY HARRY J. ANSLINGER | A-Z Quotes\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azquotes.com%2Fpublic%2Fpictures%2Fauthors%2F57%2F4f%2F574fedab62dbcd8c710f2129ce4fe1e6%2F555f25fbef11a_harry_j_anslinger.jpg&amp;f=1&amp;nofb=1\"\/><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<p>\n<em><strong><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">Harry Anslinger<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\nThere is little doubt that this was derailed by cannabis prohibition. But was it a conscious design?<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nYes it was, according to<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jackherer.com\/emperor-3\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">The Emperor Wears No Clothes<\/em><\/a>, the metaphorical bible of the hemp subculture, written and researched by the movement\u2019s grandfather \u2014 the late, legendary Jack Herer, a Venice Beach smoke shop operator turned auto-didact researcher. First appearing in 1985, the book has gone through several printings, as Herer and his collaborators have added material. This process has continued since Jack\u2019s passing in 2010. Much valuable archival and research material was reprinted in the early editions.<\/div>\n<p>\n<em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">The Emperor<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>argues that we could be living in a hemp-based ecological utopia today had it not been for prohibition \u2014 and that this alternative reality is still within our reach if prohibition can be overturned. It claims that hemp can \u201creverse the greenhouse effect and save the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nHerer portrays a plot to suppress the hemp industry by Anslinger, in league with financier Andrew Mellon, the DuPont chemical company, and newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst. Their collusion is seen as leading to the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act, which effectively banned cannabis \u2014 both hemp and marijuana. Herer called it \u201cThe Marijuana Conspiracy,\u201d and his followers often dubbed it the \u201cGreat Hemp Conspiracy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nMellon was Anslinger\u2019s father-in-law who as Treasury Secretary in 1930 oversaw creation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, and appointed Anslinger to lead it. The Du Pont company was just at this time developing synthetic fabrics that could have to compete against hemp. Financial links between Mellon and the Du Ponts are alleged (although Mellon, it should be noted, was no longer Treasury Secretary in 1937 when the Tax Act was passed).<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nAs is often the case with conspiracy theory, some of the purported connections are sketchy. Mellon is portrayed as the \u201cchief financial backer\u201d of Du Pont. This appears to be a serious overstatement. In his exhaustive 1974 study,<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/Du_Pont_Dynasty.html?id=jUq1AAAAIAAJ\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Du Pont Dynasty<\/em><\/a>, author Gerard Colby notes that in 1924 top family scion Alfred I. du Pont received a $2 million tax refund from the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">IRS<\/span>, apparently at the intervention of Secretary Mellon. But there are no claims of significant Mellon National Bank investment in the Du Ponts \u2014 on the contrary, the two families were perceived as \u201crivals.\u201d By the time Colby was writing, the Du Ponts were said to hold some 7% interest in the Mellon National Bank \u2014 but not the other way around, and not back in the 1930s.<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nThe Hearst newspapers were then the leading amplifier for Anslinger\u2019s propaganda campaign against \u201cmarihuana,\u201d portraying it in lurid and unabashedly racist terms as a dangerous drug associated with Mexican immigrants and the criminal underclass. A Hearst financial motive is also hypothesized. Hemp paper supposedly threatened the market for newsprint from the Hearst Corporation\u2019s timber holdings. The Hearst empire included timber holdings in California \u2014 but not enough to meet its own need for newsprint. According to<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">W.A.<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>Swanberg\u2019s 1961 biography<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=y0oUDQEACAAJ&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;hl=en\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Citizen Hearst<\/em><\/a>, the newspaper chain was a net purchaser of newsprint, and in the \u201830s actually fell into debt to Canadian paper producers.<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nRACISM: METHOD OR MOTIVE?<\/h2>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nHerer also claimed that Hearst\u2019s animosity for marijuana and Mexicans was personal, because 800,000 acres of timberland he owned south of the border had been expropriated by Pancho Villa and his notoriously marijuana-smoking revolutionaries. Their marching song, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6sn8bIzWacw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">La Cucaracha<\/a>,\u201d referred explicitly to \u201c<em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">marijuana que fumar<\/em>.\u201d<\/div>\n<aside class=\"pull-right\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: darkorange; display: block; float: right !important; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-right: 0px; max-width: 50%; orphans: 2; padding: 2rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<p>\nIn a 1914 editorial, Hearst endorsed Pancho Villa for Mexico\u2019s presidency, hailing him as the best bet \u201cto establish a stable and reliable government.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nAnother exhaustive biography,<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/The_Life_and_Times_of_Pancho_Villa.html?id=XAIcq6AJ3OwC\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">The Life<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"amp\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">&amp;<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>Times of Pancho Villa<\/em><\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>by Friedrich Katz (1998), confirms that Hearst did indeed own a large hacienda in Chihuahua, heartland of the Villista insurgency. But he was able to reach accommodations with the Villistas, so his lands were untouched. And while Hearst backed various factions at different times in Mexico\u2019s long and chaotic revolution, one of those was none other than Pancho Villa! In a 1914 editorial, Hearst himself endorsed Villa for Mexico\u2019s presidency, hailing him as the best bet \u201cto establish a stable and reliable government.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nAnother Hearst biography,<span>\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/The_Chief.html?id=S-_gAAAAMAAJ\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst<\/a><\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>by David Nasaw (2000), notes that in 1915, when the tide turned for Villa and he was in retreat from his enemies, his forces did seize the hacienda, known as Babicora Ranch. But it quickly passed to the hands of his enemies, the Carranzistas, who by then held power in Mexico City, and then to the Mexican government. The Hearst family finally relinquished title to the property and received indemnification in 1953, when it was<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1953\/08\/16\/archives\/mexico-will-take-vast-hearst-ranch-one-million-acres-in-chihuahua.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">broken up and redistributed<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>to local peasants.<\/div>\n<p>\nAnd this brings us to a fundamental question of interpretation: Was racism a tool in a conspiracy that had other motives? Or was racism itself the motive? Was the stigma associated with Mexican immigrants exploited to tar cannabis? Or were immigrants, criminals, and cannabis already linked in the paranoid minds of Anslinger and Hearst, regardless of any ulterior economic motive?<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nAnslinger\u2019s Congressional testimony smacks more of the ugly zealot than the scheming charlatan. In one statement, Anslinger<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.druglibrary.net\/schaffer\/hemp\/taxact\/t10a.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">warned<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>that Mexican immigrants were selling joints to \u201cwhite high school students,\u201d and added: \u201cI wish I could show you what a small marihuana cigarette can do to one of our degenerate Spanish-speaking residents. That\u2019s why our problem is so great; the greatest percentage of our [cannabis-smoking] population is composed of Spanish-speaking persons, most of who are low mentally, because of social and racial conditions.\u201d<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nCIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE<\/h2>\n<p>\nThere is little doubt that Anslinger lied in his Congressional testimony to get the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act passed. Asked if his bill would harm legal hemp farmers, he replied under oath that \u201cthey are not only amply protected under this Act, but they can go ahead and raise hemp just as they have always done.\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nThis<a href=\"https:\/\/sdlegislature.gov\/Legislative_Session\/Bills\/Bill.aspx?File=HCR1017P.htm&amp;Session=2014&amp;Version=Printed&amp;Bill=HCR1017\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>line has been quoted<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>in some of the recent state laws re-legalizing hemp, as evidence of how deception was used to suppress the industry.<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nThere\u2019s also no doubt that<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">US<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>media at the time were hyping an imminent hemp boom that never happened. The February 1938 issue of<span>\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Mechanical Engineering<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>magazine<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/digitalhemp.com\/eecdrom\/TEXT\/page1.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">ran an enthusiastic feature<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>calling hemp \u201cthe most profitable and desirable crop that can be grown.\u201d A<span>\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=e9sDAAAAMBAJ&amp;lpg=PA87&amp;pg=PA238#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Popular Mechanics<\/a><\/em>\u00a0article that same month lauded hemp as a \u201cnew billion dollar crop.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Resurrected from the Weeds \u2013 Decortication - Hemp Inc.\" height=\"286\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fhempinc.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2F1890-DECORTICATOR-1383x990.jpg&amp;f=1&amp;nofb=1\" width=\"400\"\/><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>\n<span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><em>Industrial hemp decorticator<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\nIronically, this was just six months after the Marihuana Tax Act cemented the fate of such aspirations.<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nHerer and fellow \u201chempsters\u201d also pointed to the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">US<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>Department of Agriculture\u2019s<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hempology.org\/ALL%20HISTORY%20ARTICLES.HTML\/1916BULLETIN404.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Bulletin 404<\/a>, which emphasized the potential for hemp hurds as well as fiber in paper production, and looked to the crop as an alternative that could save America\u2019s forests. Hurds, or shives, are the woody material attached to the fiber, generally disposed of as waste. Use of hurds would make hemp twice as efficient a raw material for paper.<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nA SMOKING GUN?<\/h2>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nBut this still all amounts to circumstantial evidence. When pressed for a metaphorical \u201csmoking gun,\u201d the hempsters will point to a passage in Du Pont\u2019s annual report of 1937 \u2014 the same year the Marihuana Tax Act was passed. Anticipating an imminent revolution in synthetic fibers, the report<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/hempgate.us\/corpdupont.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">stated<\/a>: \u201cThe revenue raising power of government may be converted into an instrument for forcing acceptance of sudden new ideas of industrial and social reorganization.\u201d<\/div>\n<aside class=\"pull-right\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: darkorange; display: block; float: right !important; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-right: 0px; max-width: 50%; orphans: 2; padding: 2rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<p>\nWhen evaluating the Great Hemp Conspiracy, an Italian folk-saying comes to mind: \u201cSe non e vero, e ben trovato.\u201d Basically, \u201cIt may not be true, but it\u2019s a good story.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>\nWas this a veiled reference to the Marihuana Tax Act \u2014 which placed such a heavy tax burden on hemp as to effectively ban it, clearing the way for the \u201cnew ideas\u201d of synthetic fibers?<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nIt was not portrayed that way to Congress. Treasury Department counsel Clinton Hester<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/beyondthc.com\/the-prohibition-of-marijuana-2\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">testified<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>that the purpose of the Tax Act was \u201cto employ the Federal taxing power not only to raise revenue from the marihuana traffic, but also to discourage the current and widespread undesirable use of marihuana by smokers and drug addicts and thus drive the traffic into channels where the plant will be put to valuable industrial, medical, and scientific uses.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nIn any case, just two years after the Tax Act was passed, the same publications that had been predicting a hemp boom were touting Du Pont\u2019s antiseptic creed of \u201cBetter Living Through Chemistry.\u201d Company president Lammot du Pont<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">II<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>boasted in the June 1939 edition of<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=RdwDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA804&amp;lpg=PA804&amp;dq=%22conserving+natural+resources+by+developing+synthetic+products%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=rV-CIbYmNz&amp;sig=ACfU3U18BlF7qA0rx8MbbkUu1nC_pvqGzA&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiknvXUm5_rAhVFlFkKHY1mC_sQ6AEwB3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=%22conserving%20natural%20resources%20by%20developing%20synthetic%20products%22&amp;f=false\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Popular Mechanics<\/a>: \u201cThe chemist has aided in conserving natural resources by developing synthetic products to supplement or wholly replace natural products.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nHowever, the worst of the pollution was from the company\u2019s old mainstay of munitions production rather than synthetic fabrics. And the police maxim<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/effectiviology.com\/cui-bono\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Cui bono<\/em><\/a>? \u2014 who benefits from the crime? \u2014 is supposed to be an aid to investigation, not itself proof of guilt.<\/div>\n<p>\nWhen evaluating the Great Hemp Conspiracy, another foreign phrase comes to mind, this one an Italian folk-saying: \u201c<em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Se non e vero, e ben trovato.<\/em>\u201d Basically, \u201cIt may not be true, but it\u2019s a good story.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nTHE CONSPIRACY RECONSIDERED<\/h2>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nChris Conrad, a longtime California cannabis advocate, was one of Herer\u2019s collaborators on<span>\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">The Emperor<\/em>. He\u2019s listed as an editor in early editions, and he later published his own addition to the scholarship,<span>\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chrisconrad.com\/books-by-chris-conrad-2\/hemp-lifeline-to-the-future\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Hemp: Lifeline to the Future<\/a><\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>(1994).<\/div>\n<p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The Emperor Wears No Clothes - Wikipedia\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fen%2Fc%2Fcf%2FThe_Emperor_Wears_No_Clothes.jpg&amp;f=1&amp;nofb=1\"\/><\/div>\n<p>\nA generation later, he has a somewhat distanced vantage point on the worldview the hempsters were propagating. \u201cThe purpose of this discussion was to excite people, which conspiracy theories have the ability to do,\u201d he says. \u201cIt expresses the core ecological crisis that is facing the planet right now and ties it to this one moment of history in 1937.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nBut he still stands by the fundamentals. \u201cThe missing evidence is documenting a meeting where this was planned in secret by Du Pont and Treasury. I doubt we will ever find that, given the secret nature of corruption and conspiracy. Nylon was a corporate secret. The bill was written by Treasury in secret. Why would there be a public meeting about it? That deal would be cut on the golf course, or at a gentleman\u2019s club, and sealed with a handshake \u2014 not written down \u2026 The reasonable inference comes from the context of a technology war between hemp and logging\/petrochemicals.\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nEric Steenstra,<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.votehemp.com\/team_member\/eric-steenstra\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">president<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>of the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">DC<\/span>-based hemp farming advocacy group<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.votehemp.com\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Vote Hemp<\/a>, offers a similar perspective on the Great Hemp Conspiracy. \u201cThe jury is still out on that question, but there\u2019s nothing to say Jack was completely wrong and a lot to say he was right. We never found the smoking gun that Anslinger sat down with Hearst and Mellon and conspired to kill cannabis, but there is no question about the damage they did. It has taken us years of effort to get this plant back to its rightful place and make people understand that cannabis is not this evil demonic thing.\u201d<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nCAN HEMP REALLY SAVE THE WORLD?<\/h2>\n<p>\nA central pillar of the \u201chemp can save the world\u201d creed was the middle leg of the \u201cfood, fuel and fiber\u201d troika. The hemp movement took off just as consciousness was growing about the greenhouse effect, and it was argued that hemp-derived ethanol or biodiesel could be key to avoiding planetary climate disaster.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pull-right\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: darkorange; display: block; float: right !important; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-right: 0px; max-width: 50%; orphans: 2; padding: 2rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<p>\nAdvocates claim that hemp can \u201creverse the greenhouse effect and save the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nHenry Ford \u2014 himself no more enlightened than Hearst or Anslinger in his social and racial views \u2014 recognized the industrial applications of hemp. He built a prototype car made chiefly of plant fiber, conceived as an adaptation to conserve metal in wartime. This prototype was featured in the December 1941 issue of<span>\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=9dkDAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=hemp#v=snippet&amp;q=hemp&amp;f=false\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Popular Mechanics<\/a><\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u2014 the same month the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">US<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>entered World War<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">II<\/span>. A photo caption plugged it as the car that Ford \u201cgrew from the soil.\u201d Although Herer and his hempsters<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jackherer.com\/archives\/henry-ford-designed-a-car-made-of-hemp-more-fuel-efficient-more-durable-it-disappeared\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">portrayed it<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>as made entirely from hemp, the caption said it was constructed of \u201cflax, wheat, hemp and spruce pulp.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nFord also<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelfreedom.org\/throwback-thursday-henry-ford-alcohol-fuel-visionary\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">looked to ethanol<\/a>, or ethyl alcohol, as a potential fuel, before the industry congealed around gasoline \u2014 although, again contrary to hempster dogma, he was not thinking foremost of the cannabis plant. He\u2019s reported to have<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.motherearthnews.com\/renewable-energy\/make-your-own-fuel-zmaz10amzraw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">told the New York Times<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>in 1925: \u201cThere\u2019s enough alcohol in one year\u2019s yield of an acre of potatoes to drive the machinery necessary to cultivate the fields for a hundred years.\u201d In 1919, he reportedly<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hempology.org\/ALL%20HISTORY%20ARTICLES.HTML\/1941%20HENRY%20FORD%27S%20HEMP%20CAR.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">told the Christian Science Monitor<\/a>, \u201cThe fuel of the future is going to come from fruit like that sumac out by the road, or from apples, weeds, sawdust \u2014 almost anything.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nThe two most significant<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/energyexplained\/biofuels\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">biofuels<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(as they are called today) are<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/energyexplained\/biofuels\/ethanol.php\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">ethanol<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/a>and<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/energyexplained\/biofuels\/biodiesel.php\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">biodiesel<\/a>, and both can be derived from hemp. At the height of the Iraq military intervention, when oil prices were through the roof, there was a big push to promote biofuels. The Environmental Protection Agency established mechanisms in 2007 to mandate their use in the automotive sector, as a part of its<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/renewable-fuel-standard-program\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Renewable Fuel Standard Program<\/a>. Today most gasoline sold in the United States is cut by about 10% with ethanol \u2014 generally derived from corn.<\/div>\n<p>\nNow that hemp cultivation has been legalized by the 2018 Farm Bill, there might be a push to expand the biofuel content in gasoline \u2014 derived from the new crop. Might, that is, if oil prices were not depressed, in direct contrast to the situation in 2007.<\/p>\n<p>\nEric Steenstra acknowledges this reality: \u201cPetroleum is still dirt cheap, so it doesn\u2019t seem like the economic conditions are there. Hemp biodeisel is a lot more expensive than gasoline.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nDOUBTS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY<\/h2>\n<p>\nContrary to the hempster zealots of a generation ago, Steenstra does not view hemp-derived fuel as a panacea. \u201cIt still takes a significant amount of resources \u2014 fertilizers in the soil, petroleum in the tractor, energy to convert it,\u201d he told Project<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span>. \u201cIn the process of growing hemp and converting it into biofuel, the sustainability factor may not be super-high. I\u2019m not sure it is for any energy source.\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nNor is it clear that on balance biofuels put any less carbon into the atmosphere than gasoline. The burning of biofuels does release carbon, but they are still considered \u201ccarbon neutral\u201d under United Nations climate process and<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">US<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>Energy Department accounting. As the<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/energyexplained\/biofuels\/ethanol-and-the-environment.php\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Energy Department\u2019s ethanol webpage<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>puts it, \u201cas the biomass grows, it absorbs<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CO2<\/span>, which may offset the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CO2<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>produced when the ethanol is burned.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nHowever, others have questioned this logic.<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.factcheck.org\/2015\/11\/ethanol-higher-emissions-or-lower\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">FactCheck.org<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>in 2015 amusingly made note of dueling<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">TV<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>ads (issued ahead of an<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">EPA<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>decision on extending the ethanol mandate), which made flatly contradictory claims. One, by the ethanol lobby\u2019s<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fuelsamerica.org\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Fuels America<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>coalition, asserted that ethanol produces \u201c34-88% lower carbon than gasoline today.\u201d Another, by the anti-biofuels lobby<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/smarterfuelfuture.org\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Smarter Fuel Future<\/a>, stated: \u201cMandating corn for ethanol doubles greenhouse gas emissions compared to gasoline, over 30 years.\u201d<\/div>\n<p>\nFactCheck had to admit it comes down to how you do the math, creating a \u201ca fog of uncertainty.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nChris Conrad weighs the accounting. \u201cGrowing produces oxygen, and there\u2019s no drilling, so no environmental destruction in the beginning of the process,\u201d he says. \u201cBut you still have to process ethanol, and you\u2019re still burning it, so you still have<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CO2<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>emissions. In the growing season, you\u2019re removing<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CO2<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>from the air, and some 10% of the plant mass stays in the ground, in the roots. But does this compensate for what is released when the fuel is burned?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nAnd even if getting American cars on hemp biofuel was either economically viable or ecologically desirable, Conrad acknowledges that \u201cyou\u2019d have to overhaul the vehicular system to make it work. That infrastructural change could take a generation or longer.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #010c1d; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nTHE DARK SIDE OF BIOFUELS<\/h2>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nBrazil is often pointed to as a biofuels success story. Following the oil shock of the 1970s, the government launched<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/biofuel.org.uk\/National-Fuel-Alcohol-Program.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Pro\u00e1lcool<\/a>, or National Fuel Alcohol Program, which called for processing ethanol from sugar-cane waste for use in automotive transport. The program<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rapidtransition.org\/stories\/the-rise-of-brazils-sugarcane-cars\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">reached a peak<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>in 2009, when over 60% of Brazil\u2019s motor fuel demand was met with ethanol.<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nBut that was just as long-inflated global oil prices were rapidly dropping due to the Great Recession, and new North American supplies coming online due to the development of fracking technology. Unfortunately for Brazil\u2019s economy, this was soon followed by a<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/8b83f8fe-a5b1-11e1-a3b4-00144feabdc0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">crash in sugar prices<\/a>, due to the growing ubiquity of cheaper substitutes such as high-fructose corn syrup.<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nAs land was taken out of sugar production, there was less waste for conversion to ethanol \u2014 and depressed oil prices meant less incentive for ethanol. So by 2013,<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arquivo.pt\/wayback\/20160521110009\/http:\/exame.abril.com.br\/economia\/noticias\/etanol-e-usado-hoje-em-apenas-23-dos-carros\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">only 23%<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>of Brazil\u2019s auto fleet was running even partially on ethanol.<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nAnd the biofuels boom had unanticipated negative impacts. During the high noon of biofuel demand, the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">UN<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>Food<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"amp\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">&amp;<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>Agriculture Organization<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/agriculture-food\/news\/fao-report-links-high-food-prices-to-biofuel-demand\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">raised concerns<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>about global food shortages due to land being diverted from production of staples to fuel crops. In 2012,<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">FAO<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>director Jos\u00e9 Graziano da Silva called on Washington to suspend its production targets for ethanol and urged a global freeze in biofuel investment. (By then, investment was cooling down anyway, as oil prices fell.)<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nIndeed, 2007 saw a \u201ctortilla crisis\u201d in Mexico, as spiraling prices for the ubiquitous staple sparked protests. Analysts<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/business\/article\/Nothing-flat-about-tortilla-prices-Some-in-2623910.php\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">blamed it on the diversion<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>of<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">US<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>corn (that had been bound for export to Mexico since<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">NAFTA<\/span>) into domestic ethanol production.<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nThere were also concerns about the biofuel craze spurring human rights abuses. In 2009, the group<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hrev.org\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Human Rights Everywhere<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>reported cases of peasants in Colombia evicted by paramilitary groups from lands where they\u2019d long cultivated bananas, corn and rice. When they returned to try to reclaim the lands, they found that new owners had<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/colombiareports.com\/biofuel-production-violates-human-rights-ngos\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">converted them into oil-palm plantations<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>for biofuel production. Colombia was at that time the world\u2019s second biggest biofuels producer after Brazil. The<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">UN<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/america_latina\/2009\/06\/090602_1855_biocombustibles_colombia_mr.shtml\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">called for a suspension<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>of biofuel investment in Colombia.<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nCLIMATE CONUNDRUM<\/h2>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nCasting further doubt on the notion of biofuels as a climate solution, a February 2008 story in<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/319\/5867\/1235\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Science<\/a>, \u201cLand Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt,\u201d pointed out that croplands do not release oxygen or absorb carbon nearly efficiently as forest. And of course vast amounts of carbon are released when forests are burned. The authors asserted that the clearing of rainforests for biofuel crops was offsetting any gain from biofuel displacement of fossil fuels.<\/div>\n<aside class=\"pull-right\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: darkorange; display: block; float: right !important; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-right: 0px; max-width: 50%; orphans: 2; padding: 2rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<p>\nCan a capitalist commodity live up to the promise of hemp\u2019s early promoters and zealots?<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nSimilar conclusions were reached in an October 2009 story in<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/326\/5952\/527.summary\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Science<\/a>, \u201cFixing a Critical Climate Accounting Error.\u201d The authors asserted that the formula for calculating carbon emissions used by the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">UN<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>climate process \u201cerroneously treats all bioenergy as carbon neutral regardless of the source of the biomass, which may cause large differences in net emissions.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nWith such criticisms in mind, activists staged a<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indymedia.org.uk\/en\/2008\/03\/393768.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">civil-disobedience protest<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>at the World Biofuels Market in Brussels in March 2008. They rejected the term \u201cbiofuels\u201d in favor of \u201cagrofuels,\u201d to emphasize their link to global agribusiness. Three were arrested for blocking the doors to the venue while proclaiming \u201cAgrofuels are a scam!\u201d<\/div>\n<p>\nHowever dim the prospects for a hemp biofuel industry may now seem, the prospect of an eventual new oil shock is not impossible \u2014 and if it happens, legal hemp could be well positioned for a significant piece of the biofuel action. Should that be the case, could we see headlines about forest destruction and rights abuses linked to hemp? This would certainly be a very bitter irony, given the intense idealism of the crop\u2019s boosters in the heyday of Herer.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nA BIOFUEL SKEPTIC<\/h2>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nRachel Smolker is the Vermont-based<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">US<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>representative of the international group<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biofuelwatch.org.uk\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Biofuel Watch<\/a>, and she is forthright in her opposition. \u201cWe don\u2019t support using oil, but biofuels are a false solution,\u201d she tells Project<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span>.<\/div>\n<p>\n\u201cYou don\u2019t hear so much about biofuels from environmentalists today, because they\u2019ve come to realize it was a bad idea. But the industry itself continues to peddle its wares and the departments of energy and agriculture continue to be very enthusiastic and are dumping massive amounts of money into it in the form of subsidies and tax credits.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nShe portrays the \u201ccorn lobby\u201d as behind the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">EPA<\/span>\u2019s current 10% ethanol mandate \u2014 and she\u2019s particularly skeptical about corn as a biofuel source.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u201cSome of the corn ethanol plants are run on coal or natural gas, and corn is an extremely fertilizer-intensive crop,\u201d Smolker says. \u201cSo when you do a holistic analysis of corn it doesn\u2019t come out looking real good in the greenhouse gas balance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\n\u201cGrowing corn and refining it releases less greenhouse gases than drilling for oil,\u201d she acknowledges. \u201cIt\u2019s an ongoing debate. Do you include emissions from fertilizer manufacture? There are a lot of tricks that can be played in the accounting.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nShe also notes that ethanol is less efficient than gasoline, which hurts mileage.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nONE HYPE AFTER ANOTHER<\/h2>\n<p>\nSince corn ethanol was introduced on a large scale, Smolker says \u201cit\u2019s been one hype after another. There was the cellulose hype, but there\u2019s still no commercial-scale cellulosic ethanol on the market.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nAnd hemp? Smolker is dismissive. \u201cHemp is just one more crop that\u2019s been proposed, along with algae and wood and corn and soybeans.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nHemp may be less fertilizer-intensive than corn, but that doesn\u2019t make it exempt from the fundamental problems, in Smolker\u2019s view.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pull-right\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: darkorange; display: block; float: right !important; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-right: 0px; max-width: 50%; orphans: 2; padding: 2rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<p>\nReally addressing the climate crisis is going to entail systemic change, not just a change in what fuel we use.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>\n\u201cIt takes a lot of land to convert any kind of biomass into enough fuel to run automobiles, so I don\u2019t think that\u2019s going to make a huge amount of difference in terms of the overall equation of using plants for fuel.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nShe emphasizes that really addressing the climate crisis is going to entail systemic change \u2014 not just a change in what fuel we use.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u201cHere in<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">US<\/span>, per capita consumption of energy and emissions of greenhouse gases are way ahead of everywhere else,\u201d she sums up. \u201cPeople need to stop driving and flying all over the place, and we need to fund public transportation and change the way we live. It is going to require a very dramatic shift in our priorities and using a lot less energy.<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">COVID<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>is actually providing an opportunity to rethink a lot of things. We have to get away from the idea that we\u2019re going to have some magic energy solution that\u2019s going to allow us to keep doing what we\u2019re doing. The living surface of the biosphere cannot supply us with the means to meet that kind of energy appetite, and if we keep trying to do that we\u2019re going to be in big trouble.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nTHUMBS UP FOR HEMPCRETE<\/h2>\n<p>\n<span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">OK<\/span>, so can hemp at least<span>\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">help<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>to save the world?<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nEric Steenstra is quick to promote the manifold uses of the hemp plant that clearly do have beneficial ecological applications. He enthusiastically notes the growing use of \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.americanlimetechnology.com\/what-is-hempcrete\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">hempcrete<\/a>,\u201d a construction material made of<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sodimate-inc.com\/hydrated-lime\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">hydrated lime<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(a calcium compound) and hemp hurds.<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hempcrete Distribution Centre: Adnams Brewery Southwold\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https%3A%2F%2Febuilding.blog%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F03%2FSky_Garden_Adnams_Brewery_Green_Roof-945x385.jpg&amp;f=1&amp;nofb=1\" width=\"400\"\/><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<p>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><em>Adnam&#8217;s hempcrete building, U.K.<\/em><\/span><\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\n\u201cIt has a higher insulative property than many other construction materials,\u201d Steenstra says. \u201cMeaning it inhibits transfer of temperature from one side of the wall to the other very effectively. This means energy efficiency, because you don\u2019t need as much energy to heat or cool your home. It\u2019s mold-resistant and fire-resistant, and it captures carbon. The carbon in the hemp is locked in by the lime and doesn\u2019t get released as the building ages.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nHe points to the Adnams Brewery, at Southwold in England\u2019s Suffolk county, which has built its principal warehouse and distribution center from hempcrete produced by the European firm Tradical. Since its construction in 2006, the distribution center has been hailed as an exemplar of ecological design.<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nGermany\u2019s<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">BMW<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>has revived Henry Ford\u2019s \u201ccar grown from the ground\u201d idea and is now making door panels and other interior elements of its new electric cars out of<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/crrh.org\/news\/content\/germany-bmws-new-electric-car-has-interior-made-hemp\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">hemp fiber<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(mixed with a small degree of plastic). \u201cIt reduces the weight of the car, makes it more efficient,\u201d says Steenstra. \u201cIt gets better mileage, and it\u2019s also safer in crash tests. And it\u2019s recyclable at the end of the car\u2019s life, whereas fiberglass isn\u2019t.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nCalgary-based<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IjvnFHX8x28\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Motive Industries has developed<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>a prototype electric car with the body made almost entirely from hemp. When it was unveiled at a Vancouver trade show in 2010,<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.reuters.com\/environment\/2010\/08\/25\/hemp-car-sparks-a-buzz\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Reuters<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>noted that it prompted predictable derision: \u201cDidn\u2019t Cheech and Chong already try this?\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nSome potential applications are more surprising. In 2013, a group of scholars led by Dr. David Mitlin of New York\u2019s Clarkson University released their findings in the journal<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/nn400731g\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">ACS<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>Nano<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>on use of hemp fiber as a replacement for<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.graphene-info.com\/graphene-supercapacitors\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">graphene in supercapacitors<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>that can store vast amounts of energy \u2014 critical to the use of solar panels on a wide scale.<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #010c1d; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nAN ECO-FRIENDLY CROP<\/h2>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.votehemp.com\/blog\/fine-in-the-field-august-2020\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Vote Hemp is plugging<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>the<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Hanah_Rheay\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">research<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>of Hanah Rheay at New Mexico State University into use of hemp to remove pesticide residue, radionuclides, and other toxins from soil.<\/div>\n<aside class=\"pull-right\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: darkorange; display: block; float: right !important; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-right: 0px; max-width: 50%; orphans: 2; padding: 2rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<p>\nHempseed is prodigious source of nutritious essential fatty acids, especially omega 3, which is deficient in the typical Western diet.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>\nBut Steenstra also stresses the ecological benefits of the more traditional fiber and food uses. \u201cCotton is the world\u2019s most sprayed crop, and uses a lot of water,\u201d he says. \u201cSo there\u2019s an ecological angle from a textile standpoint.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nSteenstra cites food products that are now hitting the market, such as shelled hempseed (sometimes called hemp nut or hemp hearts). Hempseed is a prodigious source of nutritious essential fatty acids, especially omega 3, which is deficient in the typical Western diet.<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nWhile the Food<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"amp\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">&amp;<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>Drug Administration has been<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cannabisnow.com\/fda-chief-resigns-leaves-cbd-purveyors-in-the-lurch\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">dragging its feet<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>on approval of hemp-derived<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>as a food supplement, upon passage of the Farm Bill in December 2018 it<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/cfsan-constituent-updates\/fda-responds-three-gras-notices-hemp-seed-derived-ingredients-use-human-food\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">promptly issued<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u201cgenerally recognized as safe\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/food-ingredients-packaging\/generally-recognized-safe-gras\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">GRAS<\/span><\/a>) notices for three hemp food products \u2014 hulled hempseed, hempseed protein powder, and hempseed oil. (Hempseed does not contain<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span>.)<\/div>\n<p>\n\u201cBig mainstream food companies don\u2019t like a lot of risk, so they will now look at hemp as an ingredient. The hemp food market has been growing slow and steady, but now but major companies are about to jump in,\u201d Steenstra says.<\/p>\n<p>\nHe adds, just a bit wistfully, \u201cHemp really does have thousands of uses. I wish Jack was here to see what\u2019s happening with the industry.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nON THE PRECIPICE<\/h2>\n<p>\nChris Conrad echoes similar sentiments. \u201cIf you look into it as a carbon-sink crop; for housing; to reduce pesticide and herbicidal use; to replace plastics that are choking the planet; to reduce reliance on petrochemicals; to reduce logging and deforestation by substituting for timber in paper, fiber and housing products; to supply industry with raw material like hempcrete for housing and hempseed for nutrition and nutraceuticals; hempseed oil soaps instead of nitrate detergents; plus medical marijuana replacing many pharmaceuticals . .\u00a0 hemp could turn things around in a very positive way and also create wealth and jobs for society.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nConrad\u2019s zeal has been tempered somewhat by political realities since the hempster heyday. \u201cWe\u2019ve seen hemp crops fail, markets crash, et cetera. So we know that this is not the quick fix we had thought,\u201d he admits. \u201cMind you, my idea of a quick fix was that it would take 30 to 50 years to implement. Now, 30 years into my campaign, we\u2019ve only had two years of full-on legal hemp farming and the infrastructure is still virtually non-existent. Only the seed oil, cannabinoid and medical marijuana markets have made significant progress, and people are only waking up to hempcrete.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nConrad laments that California, one of the states that could benefit most from the fire resistance and earthquake resistance of hempcrete, doesn\u2019t have any houses built from it. \u201cMeanwhile,\u201d he continues soberly, \u201cthe polar caps are melting, we are facing an \u2018extinction event,\u2019 and there has been more retro-plastic produced in the past 15 years than in the preceding century. We are on the precipice.\u201d [By \u201cretro-plastic,\u201d he means plastic derived from petroleum rather than hemp.]<\/p>\n<p>\n\u201cSo, it\u2019s hard to be as enthusiastic as we once were,\u201d Conrad confides. \u201cThe obstacles have been greater, and the circumstances grow ever more dire.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nBut his fundamental faith is unshaken. \u201cWhat I still think is that we will not save the planet or survive as a species without getting back to hemp. And, even if we completely blow it, future generations will need hempseed to eke out their survival, and the planet will naturally go back to the plant kingdom, including hemp.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #010c1d; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nWHITHER THE AGRARIAN VISION?<\/h2>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nJack Herer was writing amid the farm crisis of the 1980s, and hemp was hailed by his followers as a salvation for the country\u2019s beleaguered family farms. The idea was aggressively taken up by Willie Nelson, who launched the<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.farmaid.org\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Farm Aid<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>annual benefit concert and advocacy organization. The country music legend has become perhaps America\u2019s<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=k6tA3HxA9oQ&amp;list=PL1ZKaJyggj2WZxkSvrJ8vKbNMaZL2Brr8&amp;index=27&amp;t=0s\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">foremost booster of hemp<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>as boon to the small farmer.<\/div>\n<aside class=\"pull-right\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: darkorange; display: block; float: right !important; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-right: 0px; max-width: 50%; orphans: 2; padding: 2rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\n<p>\n\u201cHemp farmers are at risk of becoming contract-growers for the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>industry.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>\nAs farmers prepare for their second legal hemp harvest in the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">US<\/span>, how has it actually been working out?<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nLorette Picciano is executive director of the<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ruralco.org\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">Rural Coalition<\/a>, a<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">DC<\/span>-based organization that advocates for rural communities in both the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">US<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>and Mexico, with an emphasis on African American, Native American and Latino farmers. Agribusiness has not taken over hemp cultivation, as some had feared, but Picciano does see another threat.<\/div>\n<p>\n\u201cHemp farmers are at risk of becoming contract-growers for the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>industry,\u201d she says. \u201cYou get seeds from someone and you have to sell the crop back to them, you can\u2019t just sell it on the open market. The industry is developing around<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>because fiber requires much more investment in the processing side of it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nPicciano sees this as partially the bitter fruit of globalization. \u201cWith<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">NAFTA<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>and free trade, the cotton industry migrated overseas to Mexico and Asia,\u201d she says. \u201cYou can\u2019t compete with labor from those countries, so it\u2019s really hard to compete in the fiber industry. Nobody\u2019s willing to make that investment right now.\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nAlso not helping is the mandatory testing of all hemp crops to assure they are within the arbitrary<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cannabisnow.com\/the-arbitrary-legal-line-that-separates-hemp-marijuana\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">0.3%<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">THC<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>limit<\/a>. Farmers face a 15-day deadline from the time of testing to either harvest or destroy their crop, and if the test shows it to be \u201chot\u201d (above 0.3%<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">THC<\/span>), it must be the latter. Picciano says this produces a mentality of \u201cIf you cannot afford to lose your harvest, don\u2019t get into hemp.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nDespite the risks growers face, hemp was<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hempgrower.com\/article\/hemp-producers-coronavirus-food-assistance-program-usda\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">not included in the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">USDA<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>relief program<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>for farmers impacted by the coronavirus pandemic. \u201cAll in all, it\u2019s a tough and risky road for the farmers,\u201d Picciano sums up.<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #04213c; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1.5rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nBEYOND<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u2014 THE NEW HEMP ECONOMY<\/h2>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #010c1d; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;\">\nJeff Witte is the New Mexico<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nmda.nmsu.edu\/nmda-homepage\/jeff-witte\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">secretary of agriculture<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>who formerly<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasda.org\/person\/jeff-witte\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\">served as president<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>of the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasda.org\/person\/jeff-witte\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #417398; text-decoration: none;\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">NASDA<\/span><\/a>). Asked about how the new hemp economy is working out for his state\u2019s farmers, he offers these thoughts: \u201cIn New Mexico, we\u2019re in our second year. The first was bit of challenge for everybody. Growers found out hemp is a high-labor crop, there were a lot of issues with weeds and insects. So this year has seen a reduction in acreage and the number of licenses being applied for. A big roadblock was not enough processing facilities for<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>oil, and that\u2019s the sense I got from across country. Supply was backing up. The processing industry is still in its infancy.\u201d<\/div>\n<p>\nWitte sees a future for hemp beyond the<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>market. \u201cEveryone recognizes that it\u2019s a very diverse crop \u2014 not only for<span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"caps\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit;\">CBD<\/span>. We all know Henry Ford made a car out of hemp products. But we haven\u2019t got the processing industry in place. You can\u2019t take a crop that hasn\u2019t been grown for almost a century and expect to have that in place. We\u2019re a few years away from a market for oil, for plastic, for insulation, for whatnot.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nMeanwhile, even with lowered sights, he still sees a vital niche for hemp. \u201cThe expectations of 30, 40, 50 thousand dollars per acre \u2014 that did not work out. It\u2019s not a get-rich-quick thing. But it\u2019s going to be a good rotation crop, with chile, cabbage, lettuce. If you keep using the same crop year after year, you burn out the soil. Hemp could be one of those rotation crops, where farmers can have a great diversified program. And one crop may not make it, may not hit the market right, so this gives them the opportunity to be in the right place with different crops.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nWitte is still optimistic about keeping hemp cultivation principally on small farms. \u201cIn New Mexico, the largest number of licenses we issue are for 10 acres or less, and the fewest for above 50 acres. We haven\u2019t seen a lot of conglomerates coming in yet. Ninety-eight percent of our farms are locally owned family operations. If you\u2019re geared toward mechanization, hemp is not the crop to jump into \u2014 you need to do the weeding by hand, our farmers say. The equipment just isn\u2019t available.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nWitte says hemp is being cultivated in 19 of New Mexico\u2019s 33 counties. \u201cA lot of small acreage in the Rio Grande Valley is now dedicated to hemp. Hemp is doing very well in the Mesilla Valley on small acreage, intensive agriculture.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\nAnd Witte is likewise optimistic about expanding prospects as new industrial applications emerge. In an echo of the old utopian hempster spirit, he envisions: \u201cA lot of processing opportunities are going to come out of this crop that we haven\u2019t even imagined today.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Now that hemp has finally arrived at its long-sought status as a legal crop and commodity, to what extent will it deviate from the utopian vision that animated the advocates who fought for it a generation ago? A tension that has always existed between two currents in the subculture of hemp advocacy is increasingly weighted [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[27250,214259,176036,198754],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-7051791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-hemp","tag-hemplogic","tag-monoculture","tag-mythos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>HempLogic: HEMP: FROM MYTHOS TO MONOCULTURE - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=7051791\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HempLogic: HEMP: FROM MYTHOS TO MONOCULTURE - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Now that hemp has finally arrived at its long-sought status as a legal crop and commodity, to what extent will it deviate from the utopian vision that animated the advocates who fought for it a generation ago? 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