{"id":7051596,"date":"2026-08-30T07:47:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T07:47:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/american-history\/colleen-oneill-on-her-new-book-waging-sovereignty\/"},"modified":"2026-08-30T07:47:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T07:47:13","slug":"colleen-oneill-on-her-new-book-waging-sovereignty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=7051596","title":{"rendered":"Colleen O\u2019Neill on her new book, Waging Sovereignty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em>In\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/uncpress.org\/9781469693286\/waging-sovereignty\/\">Waging Sovereignty: Native Americans and the Transformation of Work in the Twentieth Century<\/a>,\u00a0<em>historian Colleen O\u2019Neill examines the rise of wage work as a critical arena of conflict over Native American sovereignty and assimilation. Using federal archives as well as Native memoirs and oral histories, O\u2019Neill shows how federal policymakers sought to impose new systems of employment designed to erase traditional seasonal employment and lifestyle patterns, while labor became increasingly central to the anti-colonial struggles of indigenous peoples in the US. Historian Liza Black interviewed O\u2019Neill about her book.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16100\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16100\" style=\"width: 330px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16100\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lawcha.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Waging-Sovereignty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"330\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lawcha.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Waging-Sovereignty.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.lawcha.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Waging-Sovereignty-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/www.lawcha.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Waging-Sovereignty-678x1024.jpg 678w, https:\/\/www.lawcha.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Waging-Sovereignty-768x1160.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lawcha.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Waging-Sovereignty-1017x1536.jpg 1017w, https:\/\/www.lawcha.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Waging-Sovereignty-1356x2048.jpg 1356w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16100\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uncpress.org\/9781469693286\/waging-sovereignty\/\">Waging Sovereignty: Native Americans and the Transformation of Work in the Twentieth Century (2026)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Your book contrasts sovereignty rights with civil rights. How has the settler colonial economy shaped Native relationships with mainstream labor unions, but also with industries like energy, construction, and casino gaming?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-Native workers of color have pursued civil rights unionism, seeking to transform unions into broader social movements that demand justice beyond the workplace within U.S. civil society.\u00a0 Native workers too have battled hiring and workplace related discrimination. But Indigenous peoples in the United States have also contended with a legacy of colonial policies, particularly around resource extraction, that have weakened their economies and fundamentally undermined Native land use and collective wealth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Native workers, gaining meaningful control over labor conditions has been inseparable from struggles over land and resources. Because extractive industries derive their wealth directly from Indigenous lands, workplace power is closely linked to sovereignty over those lands. As a result, Native workers are often positioned between multiple forces: labor unions protecting the rights of non-Native workers, corporate employers, and federal Indian policy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These dynamics become even more complex in the context of tribal gaming. Casino industries are owned and operated by tribal nations, which fundamentally alters the relationship between workers and management. Profits from gaming enterprises are often redistributed to support tribal governance, social services, education, and community welfare. This distinguishes them from off-reservation corporations, where profits primarily benefit private owners or shareholders.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consequently, labor struggles in tribal gaming raise difficult questions about sovereignty, governance, and economic development. Workers may find themselves negotiating not only with employers, but with tribal leadership, complicating traditional models of labor organizing. Unions, whose members draw their rights to organize from federal labor law, have been reluctant to concede that power to tribal governments, over which they enjoy little political authority.\u00a0 As a result, organizing casinos sometimes aggravates racial tensions between Native and non-Native workers, tribal governments and their surrounding communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite these challenges, some unions have made meaningful progress in addressing Native workers\u2019 concerns. Organizations such as the Carpenters Union, the Laborers\u2019 International Union, the United Mine Workers, and Communication Workers have, at times, demonstrated a willingness to engage with tribal governments and respect the unique political status of Native nations. These efforts suggest that while tensions remain, there is potential for more collaborative and sovereignty-conscious approaches to labor organizing in Indian Country.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Waging Sovereignty<\/i><\/b><b>\u00a0also traces the Tribal Employment Rights Ordinance (TERO) movement. How has TERO changed the struggle for sovereignty rights? What tensions has it created between tribal labor sovereignty and the right of non-Native casino workers to organize?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The movement that established the Tribal Employment Rights Ordinance (TERO) transformed prevailing definitions of sovereignty. Rather than limiting sovereignty to Native control over land, governance, culture, and economies, TERO activists asserted sovereignty as the power to control the workplace itself. In doing so, they confronted corporations, federal bureaucracies, and labor unions that had long controlled access to jobs and working conditions on reservation-based projects\u2014especially in the energy industries, where non-Native workers dominated the workforce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Waging Sovereignty<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> extends this argument to Native American casinos in the late twentieth century. The growth of tribal casinos near major urban areas has, in many cases, strengthened tribal sovereignty by providing tribes with unprecedented sources of capital. As a result, some tribes have diversified their economies, expanded infrastructure, and increased their political influence at both the state and national levels. These developments have improved opportunities for Native workers while strengthening tribal economies more broadly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the same time, tensions between Native and non-Native workers have emerged over the source of labor rights and organizing authority. Non-Native workers and their unions generally understand the right to organize as guaranteed under federal labor law. Native casino workers also possess those protections, yet tribal governments have insisted on their sovereign authority to establish and regulate their own labor laws. In this sense, Native and non-Native workers occupy different relationships to the means of production. Native workers\u2014particularly members of tribes that own and operate casinos\u2014may receive benefits unavailable to non-Native workers, including hiring and shift preferences and, in some cases, per capita payments. During contentious union campaigns, these differences can intensify workplace conflict.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite these tensions, many Native workers have organized unions on tribal lands. Native activists, including members of the Council for Tribal Employment Rights, forged alliances with unions that supported Native training programs and expanded access to jobs on and off reservation worksites. In the Navajo Nation, for example, workers partnered with the Laborers\u2019 International Union to organize Indian Health Service employees, and more recently, the United Mine Workers successfully secured union recognition for Navajo Nation employees.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Your book addresses the gendered nature of work. How did this gendered division of relief work shape the long-term economic marginalization of Indigenous women? How are Native women today reclaiming control over work and sovereignty?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The gendered division of labor in relief work was part of a broader system of settler colonial exploitation that reshaped Native economies and disrupted matrilineal structures that had historically afforded Native women significant authority. As a result, Native women remain among the most marginalized workers in the United States. Although conditions vary across communities, Native women experience some of the widest pay gaps, along with disproportionately high rates of unemployment, poverty, and violence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite these structural inequalities, Native women have been at the forefront of activism addressing the gendered violence associated with extractive industries. They have played leading roles in movements such as the Tribal Employment Rights Office (TERO) campaigns and sovereignty struggles including Standing Rock, Idle No More, efforts to protect Bears Ears and raising awareness to the problem of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In these contexts, Native women\u2019s activism operates at the intersection of economic development and environmental protection. They have worked to defend land, wildlife, fisheries, and the water that sustain their communities, while also asserting their place within reservation-based economies, including extractive sectors. Their leadership highlights the deep interconnections among labor, sovereignty, environmental justice, and gender in contemporary Native communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What do labor scholars and activists miss when they assume that \u201cmore federal protection\u201d is always the answer for Native working people? What might non-Native labor movements learn from the Council for Tribal Employment Right\u2019s model of workplace protection rooted in Indigenous sovereignty?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The reaction of Native labor officials to civil rights attorney <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jacqueline Berrien<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s well<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2011<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intentioned remarks reveals a deeper disconnect: she did not understand these leaders\u2019 perspectives or their historical experiences. Their response reflects a longstanding distrust of federal initiatives that have repeatedly been imposed on Native communities with minimal consultation. In this context, the officials were reacting not simply to her comments, but to her lack of awareness of the colonial legacies that continue to structure the relationship between American Indian nations and the federal government. That moment also vividly illustrated the limits of a civil rights\u2013based solution for addressing Native American concerns.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The strategies developed by the Council for Tribal Employment Rights show that meaningful social change does not flow from the top down. Instead, both the central problems and the most effective solutions emerge from workers\u2019 own historical experiences. For Native labor leaders, organizing around employment rights is inseparable from longer histories of treaty violations, land dispossession, and federal oversight. Any labor activism that ignores this context will fail to resonate in Native communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over the past generation, feminist and intersectional scholarship has emphasized that working<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2011<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class activism does not always originate in the formal workplace. Workers\u2019 gendered and cultural relationships to their communities, kin networks, and households shape how they understand themselves, their position in the broader economy, and the kinds of social change they pursue. Historians of Black workers and women workers have shown that, in some cases, turning to the federal government has been a strategic way to circumvent entrenched racial and gender barriers within labor unions. At the same time, feminist labor scholars have demonstrated how working<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2011<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class women have effectively organized social justice movements through community<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2011<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">based networks rather than relying solely on unions or state institutions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Council for Tribal Employment Rights demonstrates, however, that unions can still be important partners when they operate within a framework that also centers tribal sovereignty. This model suggests that labor organizing, when grounded in respect for self<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2011<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">determination, can complement rather than undermine Native political goals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taken together, the Berrien example underscores the importance of crafting solutions that account for the interplay of colonial legacies, federal power, and community<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2011<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rooted organizing traditions. Only by recognizing these dynamics can we understand how different groups of workers interpret and enact social change.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In\u00a0Waging Sovereignty: Native Americans and the Transformation of Work in the Twentieth Century,\u00a0historian Colleen O\u2019Neill examines the rise of wage work as a critical arena of conflict over Native American sovereignty and assimilation. Using federal archives as well as Native memoirs and oral histories, O\u2019Neill shows how federal policymakers sought to impose new systems of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7051597,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12032],"tags":[2268,15230,16126,5005,214077,214078,200750,42232,38348,90101],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-7051596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-american-history","tag-book","tag-colleen","tag-colonialism","tag-empire","tag-indigenous-history","tag-law-and-labor","tag-new-book-interviews","tag-oneill","tag-sovereignty","tag-waging"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Colleen O\u2019Neill on her new book, Waging Sovereignty - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=7051596\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Colleen O\u2019Neill on her new book, Waging Sovereignty - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In\u00a0Waging Sovereignty: Native Americans and the Transformation of Work in the Twentieth Century,\u00a0historian Colleen O\u2019Neill examines the rise of wage work as a critical arena of conflict over Native American sovereignty and assimilation. 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