{"id":7040218,"date":"2026-08-17T03:22:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T03:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/american-history\/urban-ruins-disease-and-the-policing-of-women-in-istanbuls-fire-ravaged-zones-the-metropole\/"},"modified":"2026-08-17T03:22:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T03:22:41","slug":"urban-ruins-disease-and-the-policing-of-women-in-istanbuls-fire-ravaged-zones-the-metropole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=7040218","title":{"rendered":"Urban Ruins, Disease, and the Policing of Women in Istanbul\u2019s Fire-Ravaged Zones \u2013 The Metropole"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By Zehra Bet\u00fcl Atasoy<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One night in 1910, a woman named \u015e\u00fckr\u00fcye was accused of wandering through a burned neighborhood in Istanbul with unidentified men. Her alleged offense was not a clearly defined criminal act, but rather her presence in a fire-ravaged urban space at night, in the company of men whose identities remained unknown.<sup data-fn=\"d98fd776-ddb3-4c7b-a794-053691558bdd\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#d98fd776-ddb3-4c7b-a794-053691558bdd\" id=\"d98fd776-ddb3-4c7b-a794-053691558bdd-link\">1<\/a><\/sup> In official records, this situation was framed as morally suspicious, evoking the possibility of illicit encounters linked to prostitution and, by extension, the spread of disease. Such cases reveal that these ruined urban landscapes were far from neutral voids; instead, they were perceived as morally charged environments in which certain bodies, particularly women, became subject to scrutiny and control.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fires have long played a defining role in shaping Istanbul\u2019s urban fabric. Although the modernization of firefighting institutions in the late Ottoman and early Republican (1920s-1940s) periods gradually transformed fires from large-scale disasters into more manageable incidents, the spaces they left behind remained a persistent feature of the city <strong>(Figure 1)<\/strong>.<sup data-fn=\"f4bcd69a-d47e-47e8-b6e0-ad5d127318f3\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#f4bcd69a-d47e-47e8-b6e0-ad5d127318f3\" id=\"f4bcd69a-d47e-47e8-b6e0-ad5d127318f3-link\">2<\/a><\/sup> These fire-ravaged zones were not simply technical problems awaiting reconstruction. Rather, they emerged as socially and politically contested terrains, raising questions about order, security, and the regulation of urban life.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite their devastation, these sites were far from empty. Marginalized populations, including the urban poor, beggars, alcoholics, and particularly women associated with prostitution, occupied or frequented these spaces <strong>(Figure 2)<\/strong>. These groups were not only socially stigmatized but also medicalized, often being linked to the spread of diseases such as syphilis.<sup data-fn=\"da852ac7-ea49-4b82-b8b9-0e226065d77a\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#da852ac7-ea49-4b82-b8b9-0e226065d77a\" id=\"da852ac7-ea49-4b82-b8b9-0e226065d77a-link\">3<\/a><\/sup> As a result, fire zones became spaces where discourses of morality, public health, and urban governance intersected.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fire-ravaged zones functioned as what Ann Stoler conceptualizes as \u201czones of vulnerability,\u201d landscapes shaped by ongoing processes of ruination rather than mere physical decay. These were spaces where imperial legacies, infrastructural neglect, and everyday survival strategies converged.<sup data-fn=\"6fa3cd29-b005-44ed-81fc-1fed5ddd3093\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#6fa3cd29-b005-44ed-81fc-1fed5ddd3093\" id=\"6fa3cd29-b005-44ed-81fc-1fed5ddd3093-link\">4<\/a><\/sup> Crucially, they also made visible forms of life that were otherwise pushed to the margins of urban historiography. Paying attention to these zones, therefore, allows us to shift the focus from top-down planning narratives to lived experiences structured by precarity, gender, and informal economies.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This vulnerability was particularly pronounced at night. While fire zones were relatively unproblematic during the day, they became associated with danger, crime, and moral disorder after dark. The lack of adequate street lighting, an issue frequently raised in contemporary accounts, transformed these areas into what were perceived as breeding grounds for illicit activity. For example, complaints about the darkness surrounding the Rag\u0131p Pa\u015fa Library in Laleli emphasized how such conditions enabled \u201cimmoral women\u201d to operate within these ruins.<sup data-fn=\"b35c715b-874b-4b88-8f2e-853b01435cd8\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#b35c715b-874b-4b88-8f2e-853b01435cd8\" id=\"b35c715b-874b-4b88-8f2e-853b01435cd8-link\">5<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Here, infrastructural deficiency and moral anxiety became tightly intertwined, reinforcing the perception of fire zones as spaces requiring surveillance and intervention.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"20897\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/2026\/06\/10\/urban-ruins-disease-and-the-policing-of-women-in-istanbuls-fire-ravaged-zones\/image-47\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png\" data-orig-size=\"1966,1452\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png?w=750\" width=\"1024\" height=\"756\" src=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20897\" style=\"width:624px;height:461px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png?w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png?w=150 150w, https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png?w=300 300w, https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png?w=768 768w, https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png?w=1440 1440w, https:\/\/themetropole.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image.png 1966w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2: Two residents of a fire zone. Hikmet Feridun, Yang\u0131n yerlerinde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131: \u2018\u015eimdi bu buhranl\u0131 devirlerde 75 liray\u0131 bir arada kim g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ki?\u2019,\u201d <em>Ak\u015fam<\/em>, 12 December 1931<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Literary representations from the period further illuminate how these spaces were gendered and moralized. In Suat Dervi\u015f\u2019s <em>\u0130stanbul\u2019un Bir Gecesi<\/em> (One Night in Istanbul), the character Asiye, an unemployed tobacco worker, seeks refuge in a fire-damaged area and eventually turns to sex work to survive.<sup data-fn=\"ccb74f97-ede8-4e95-babb-e24e7532a065\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#ccb74f97-ede8-4e95-babb-e24e7532a065\" id=\"ccb74f97-ede8-4e95-babb-e24e7532a065-link\">6<\/a><\/sup> Similarly, figures like <em>Fosforlu Cevriye<\/em> are depicted as inhabiting the city\u2019s marginal landscapes of \u201chidden alleys, fire-ravaged areas, cemeteries, city walls, Tekfur Palace ruins, and orchards.\u201d<sup data-fn=\"5f88af89-a6f4-48e9-b233-9bb911720436\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#5f88af89-a6f4-48e9-b233-9bb911720436\" id=\"5f88af89-a6f4-48e9-b233-9bb911720436-link\">7<\/a><\/sup> These narratives do more than reflect social realities; they actively construct a spatial imagination in which prostitution becomes inseparable from these urban ruins.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, public discourse framed these women not only as morally suspect but also as vectors of disease, mobilizing a language of contamination that positioned them as threats to the health of the broader urban population. In this framing, anxieties surrounding prostitution became inseparable from fears of epidemic spread, thereby legitimizing the intensified regulation and policing of both these spaces and the bodies within them. In the public eye, fire-ravaged zones were described as \u201cnests of germs,\u201d and their inhabitants as embodiments of social decay as much as criminality. Women were depicted in strikingly dehumanizing terms as \u201cwomen in dirty, tattered robes, with the traces of red paint on their pale faces, a mix of animal greed and desperation for a morsel of bread in their eyes, ready to latch onto anything before them, sinking their repulsive teeth into it.\u201d Such portrayals not only reinforced the association between these spaces and disease but also constructed these women as active agents of contamination. These women, it was claimed, deceived \u201cyoung honorable men\u201d and spread syphilis, thereby deepening the stigma attached to both the inhabitants and the urban margins they occupied.<sup data-fn=\"86e9118d-efb1-4728-a559-dc6fde927c78\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#86e9118d-efb1-4728-a559-dc6fde927c78\" id=\"86e9118d-efb1-4728-a559-dc6fde927c78-link\">8<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fire zones were also inhabited by other vulnerable groups, such as beggars, whose presence exposed them to overlapping forms of violence. The case of Havva, an elderly woman murdered in a makeshift shelter within the Sultanahmet fire ruins, illustrates how these spaces could become sites of vulnerability. Yet even in such instances, narratives often reproduced moral suspicion, linking victims to rumors of illicit activity, thereby reinforcing the association between these spaces and deviance.<sup data-fn=\"bb3a2562-4a27-4446-bf6f-60893f76f1ef\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#bb3a2562-4a27-4446-bf6f-60893f76f1ef\" id=\"bb3a2562-4a27-4446-bf6f-60893f76f1ef-link\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These concerns were echoed by urban residents, who frequently complained about the presence of \u201cvagabonds\u201d and morally suspect individuals in fire-ravaged areas. Calls for increased policing and surveillance reveal how these spaces were imagined as threats to urban order.<sup data-fn=\"ca3d9245-67e8-40d4-b5c9-b01dd3299f76\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#ca3d9245-67e8-40d4-b5c9-b01dd3299f76\" id=\"ca3d9245-67e8-40d4-b5c9-b01dd3299f76-link\">10<\/a><\/sup> What emerges here is not merely a story of neglect, but one of active governance: fire zones became one of the key sites where the boundaries of acceptable urban behavior were defined and enforced.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The historiography of early Republican Istanbul has predominantly focused on large-scale planning initiatives, particularly Henri Prost\u2019s master plan and the modernization agenda of state authorities.<sup data-fn=\"b1369f61-d99c-4e9e-8346-1e183eea5266\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#b1369f61-d99c-4e9e-8346-1e183eea5266\" id=\"b1369f61-d99c-4e9e-8346-1e183eea5266-link\">11<\/a><\/sup> However, such narratives tend to overlook the temporal and spatial gaps between destruction and redevelopment, gaps that were inhabited by vulnerable populations and shaped by everyday practices.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From a spatial perspective, these ruins were often imagined as wounds within the urban body, pathologies that needed to be healed. Early Republican discourse frequently framed them as areas requiring urgent intervention, both physically and morally. The question was not only how to rebuild these sites, but how to cleanse them of disease, of immorality, and of the populations deemed undesirable.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seen through the lens of gender and prostitution, fire-ravaged zones thus emerge as critical sites for understanding the social history of early Republican Istanbul. They reveal how urban space, moral regulation, and public health anxieties converged in the governance of vulnerable populations. More importantly, they demonstrate that the making of the modern city was not only a matter of planning and reconstruction, but also of policing bodies, disciplining behaviors, and managing the uncertain lives that unfolded in its ruins.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zehra Bet\u00fcl Atasoy is an Assistant Professor at Kadir Has University, Faculty of Art and Design. She holds a Ph.D. in Urban Systems\u2013History from a joint program at NJIT and Rutgers University, and earned her architecture and history of architecture degrees from Istanbul Technical University. Her research focuses on women\u2019s everyday urban practices and the lived experience of health in early Republican Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Zehra Bet\u00fcl Atasoy One night in 1910, a woman named \u015e\u00fckr\u00fcye was accused of wandering through a burned neighborhood in Istanbul with unidentified men. Her alleged offense was not a clearly defined criminal act, but rather her presence in a fire-ravaged urban space at night, in the company of men whose identities remained unknown. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7040219,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12032],"tags":[13375,202695,202694,17618,4398,36089,5347,313,3386],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-7040218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-american-history","tag-disease","tag-fireravaged","tag-istanbuls","tag-metropole","tag-policing","tag-ruins","tag-urban","tag-women","tag-zones"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Urban Ruins, Disease, and the Policing of Women in Istanbul\u2019s Fire-Ravaged Zones \u2013 The Metropole - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=7040218\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Urban Ruins, Disease, and the Policing of Women in Istanbul\u2019s Fire-Ravaged Zones \u2013 The Metropole - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Zehra Bet\u00fcl Atasoy One night in 1910, a woman named \u015e\u00fckr\u00fcye was accused of wandering through a burned neighborhood in Istanbul with unidentified men. 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Her alleged offense was not a clearly defined criminal act, but rather her presence in a fire-ravaged urban space at night, in the company of men whose identities remained unknown. 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