{"id":69487,"date":"2025-02-05T10:52:35","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:52:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/american-history\/early-public-education-in-the-collection-past-is-present\/"},"modified":"2025-02-05T10:52:35","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:52:35","slug":"early-public-education-in-the-collection-past-is-present","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=69487","title":{"rendered":"Early Public Education in the Collection \u2013 Past is Present"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>For the past few months, I have had the opportunity to work as an intern in the manuscripts department here at the American Antiquarian Society. Usually, I spend my days the digitizing department working as a liaison between AAS and our vendors, paging newspapers and serials. I jumped at the chance to work in manuscripts and learn a little more about a different part of our collections.<\/p>\n<p>I started my internship working with the miscellaneous oversized manuscripts. My task was to sort through the box, pull out items that needed different housing, and identify any items that should get their own catalog record. One item particularly caught my eye: a large, undated, hand-written document addressed to the New York state legislature signed by one DeWitt Clinton. Reading through the document without any context, it seemed as though Clinton was calling for less funding for New York public schools; but I knew there was more to the story, and in any case, I needed to figure out when the document was created to catalog it. So, with the permission and encouragement of manuscript curator (and my internship supervisor) Ashley Cataldo, I dove into the world of early 19<sup>th<\/sup>-century New York public education.<span id=\"more-19152\"\/><\/p>\n<div id=\"gallery-4\" class=\"gallery galleryid-19152 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-large\">\n<figure class=\"gallery-item\">\n<div class=\"gallery-icon portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/2023\/library-stuff\/dewitt-clinton-and-the-common-school-fund-early-public-education-in-the-collection\/attachment\/img-7551\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"994\" src=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG-7551-680x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7551-680x1024.jpg 680w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7551-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7551-768x1157.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7551-1020x1536.jpg 1020w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7551-1360x2048.jpg 1360w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7551-scaled.jpg 1700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\"\/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<figure class=\"gallery-item\">\n<div class=\"gallery-icon portrait\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/2023\/library-stuff\/dewitt-clinton-and-the-common-school-fund-early-public-education-in-the-collection\/attachment\/img-7552\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"918\" src=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG-7552-736x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7552-736x1024.jpg 736w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7552-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7552-768x1068.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7552-1105x1536.jpg 1105w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7552-1473x2048.jpg 1473w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7552-scaled.jpg 1841w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\"\/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>(Document from DeWitt Clinton addressed to the New York state legislature, undated.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">DeWitt Clinton (b. 1769- d. 1828) was a prolific New York politician and philanthropist. Clinton served as a New York state senator (1798-1802, 1806-11), a United States senator (1802-03), mayor of New York (1803-07, 1808-10, 1811-15), lieutenant governor of New York (1811-13), and governor of New York (1817-22). Clinton also served on the Erie Canal Commission from 1810 to 1824 and was instrumental in the construction and completion of the Erie Canal. (He was also elected as a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1814 and was voted vice president in 1821.) Clinton was a staunch supporter of public education. He founded and served as the president of the Free School Society of New York from 1805 until his death in 1823.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/466276_0001-scaled.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19158 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/466276_0001-198x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/466276_0001-198x300.jpeg 198w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/466276_0001-675x1024.jpeg 675w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/466276_0001-768x1165.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/466276_0001-1013x1536.jpeg 1013w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/466276_0001-1350x2048.jpeg 1350w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/466276_0001-scaled.jpeg 1688w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\"\/><\/a>(<em>Portrait of DeWitt Clinton, 1830.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The Lancasterian system of education (now more commonly referred to as the Monitorial system) was a system of education popularized by Joseph Lancaster (1778-1838). The system relied on students to educate other students \u2013 a small number of adult masters would oversee the education, while students who mastered a topic were enlisted to help their less advanced peers. The system was cost-effective and efficient. Clinton was a dedicated proponent of free and accessible education in New York, and the Free School Society supported the Lancasterian schools, which made it even more confusing why this mysterious undated address was seemingly calling for less funding for the schools and less payment for the teacher.<\/p>\n<p>The missing piece of the puzzle that I discovered through my research was the existence of the Common School Fund. By searching the AAS catalog, I found a legal memorial from the Free School Society published in 1823 that detailed the purpose of the Common School Fund (catalog record link <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.mwa.org\/vwebv\/holdingsInfo?bibId=253148\">here<\/a>). According to the memorial, the fund was established in 1813. At the time, the New York legislature decided that the money in the fund should \u201c<em>be applied exclusively to the payment of teachers, and to no other purpose whatever<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG-7530-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19155 \" src=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG-7530-942x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"282\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7530-942x1024.jpg 942w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7530-276x300.jpg 276w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7530-768x835.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7530-1413x1536.jpg 1413w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7530-1884x2048.jpg 1884w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\"\/><\/a><em>(Information on the Common School Fund.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>With this knowledge, the Clinton document started to make sense. Because the Lancasterian schools relied on students to educate their peers, there were fewer teachers who needed pay, meaning that the Common School Fund money allotted to pay teachers at Lancasterian schools was equal to \u201cthe pay of ten ordinary ones,\u201d as Clinton wrote in the address. Clinton was asking the legislature for a reallocation of the Common School Fund to include funding for school buildings, textbooks, and even lower application and enrollment fees for students of Lancasterian schools.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG-7531-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19156 \" src=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG-7531-1024x451.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"422\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7531-1024x451.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7531-300x132.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7531-768x339.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7531-1536x677.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7531-2048x903.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\"\/><\/a><em>(Reasoning for the reallocation of funds.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0The 1823 memorial states that on April 5, 1817, the legislature passed an act containing a provision to grant Lancasterian schools the ability to use their excess funding for \u201cthe erection of buildings for schools, and to all the needful purposes of a common school education\u201d \u2013 of course, after teachers had been granted \u201cample compensation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG-7532.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19157 \" src=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG-7532-1024x691.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"416\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7532-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7532-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7532-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7532-1536x1036.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pastispresent.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/IMG-7532-2048x1382.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 416px) 100vw, 416px\"\/><\/a><em>(Information on the reallocation of funds.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>After finding this date, I was able to finish describing the document before me. Though I didn\u2019t know the exact date that Clinton delivered this address to the New York state legislature, I knew it must have been around the time that the act was passed. By using our catalog to find related collection materials, I put together the puzzle pieces and learned a lot more about early systems of education than I ever expected.<\/p>\n<p>Sources:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.mwa.org\/vwebv\/holdingsInfo?bibId=253148\">https:\/\/catalog.mwa.org\/vwebv\/holdingsInfo?bibId=253148<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.mwa.org\/vwebv\/holdingsInfo?bibId=614673\">https:\/\/catalog.mwa.org\/vwebv\/holdingsInfo?bibId=614673<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.mwa.org\/vwebv\/holdingsInfo?bibId=466276\">https:\/\/catalog.mwa.org\/vwebv\/holdingsInfo?bibId=466276<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the past few months, I have had the opportunity to work as an intern in the manuscripts department here at the American Antiquarian Society. Usually, I spend my days the digitizing department working as a liaison between AAS and our vendors, paging newspapers and serials. I jumped at the chance to work in manuscripts [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69488,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12032],"tags":[2224,5508,7415,383,5294],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-69487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-american-history","tag-collection","tag-early","tag-education","tag-present","tag-public"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Early Public Education in the Collection \u2013 Past is Present - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=69487\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Early Public Education in the Collection \u2013 Past is Present - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For the past few months, I have had the opportunity to work as an intern in the manuscripts department here at the American Antiquarian Society. 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