{"id":69375,"date":"2025-02-05T09:29:32","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T09:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/anthropology\/archaeological-collections-at-the-state-museum-of-pennsylvania\/"},"modified":"2025-02-05T09:29:32","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T09:29:32","slug":"archaeological-collections-at-the-state-museum-of-pennsylvania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=69375","title":{"rendered":"Archaeological Collections at the State Museum of Pennsylvania"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Recording<br \/>\narchaeological sites can often lead to important discoveries that change what archaeologists<br \/>\nknow of the ancient activities of Indigenous people of long ago. For example, consider<br \/>\nWilliam Turnbaugh\u2019s detailed survey of the Susquehanna\u2019s West Branch valley as<br \/>\npart of his doctoral dissertation, later released as Man, Land and Time: The<br \/>\nCultural Prehistory and Demographic Patterns of North-Central Pennsylvania<br \/>\n(Turnbaugh 1977).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\">The <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/twipa.blogspot.com\/search?q=turnbaugh\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Agnes Flood of 1972<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\"> devastated much of Pennsylvania causing billions of dollars<br \/>\nin property damage and lost revenue. Serendipitously, perhaps, perhaps not, it<br \/>\nwas the intensity of the flood of 1972 that opened the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/twipa.blogspot.com\/2022\/07\/agnes-impact-on-middle-susquehanna.html\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">West Branch valley<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\"> to Turnbaugh\u2019s research as the impacted<br \/>\nriver bottoms exposed the buried remains of long-lost archaeological resources<br \/>\n(Turnbaugh 1978).<\/span><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEix9KqIH4rJMFlXeuv2QlQyVIoG6zYs-U-yhSnZ2hzfCZtOqAQFxHFkGozQIoU948iGIpd14XMEvLtHTQFZepEZ7-IMQ3ki1erOABZBSMDC9gN-OOKBrlvJ_ZvdAvCIdSmwZgxicc5FtdvaVaSIZuywJG7cYb6pb1V9kSvEHICbyI7_xvktZao4F_w09w\/s1100\/Picture1.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"662\" data-original-width=\"1100\" height=\"241\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEix9KqIH4rJMFlXeuv2QlQyVIoG6zYs-U-yhSnZ2hzfCZtOqAQFxHFkGozQIoU948iGIpd14XMEvLtHTQFZepEZ7-IMQ3ki1erOABZBSMDC9gN-OOKBrlvJ_ZvdAvCIdSmwZgxicc5FtdvaVaSIZuywJG7cYb6pb1V9kSvEHICbyI7_xvktZao4F_w09w\/w400-h241\/Picture1.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Map of Pennsylvania showing general<br \/>\narea of site in yellow. (photo: Google Earth)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 0.5in;\">Among the reported archaeological resources were the<br \/>\nlocations of Late Woodland period camp and village occupations of three major<br \/>\ncultural phases identified for the West Branch Valley. One of these, a village<br \/>\noccupation of considerable size, was 36CN0023, near the confluence of Pine<br \/>\nCreek and the Susquehanna River. There, shell tempered pottery sherds, then identified<br \/>\nas Susquehannock, were reported.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 0.5in;\">Between 1995 and 1999 excavations undertaken at 36CN0023<br \/>\nrevealed a Quiggle phase (formerly a.k.a. Susquehannock) occupation,<br \/>\nradiocarbon dated at AD 1450-1550. Based on diagnostic ceramic and lithic<br \/>\nobjects, the occupation likely represented two sequential settlement<br \/>\noccupations and a midden stratum, resulting from the introduction of and\/or accumulation<br \/>\nof organic material to sediments and soils (Stein 1992). At 36CN0023 the midden<br \/>\nstratum contained well preserved botanical items such as carbonized seeds, plant<br \/>\nparts and a plethora of faunal remains of mammals, birds, and aquatic related<br \/>\ncreatures. These things were directly associated with the cultural objects and<br \/>\nrepresent the residues of lost or discarded materials (Herbstritt 2020;<br \/>\nHerbstritt 2021). Along with these objects was an inordinate number of river<br \/>\ncobbles fashioned into tools and used in various processing activities at 36CN0023.<br \/>\nThis week\u2019s featured TWIPA blog describes some of the cobble tool forms from 36CN0023.<\/span><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi0zfraGhEwJ-Wr6qjCkG46xYfYteLmqBMhCvASyd98hY4iyAdxIH-qI9HDTqC4FMlKAhgUBKn8SUGQLp_fTPcWhDAShayts4kym84BDcWV5eBh41l_bAajym0qVtp7UopTe4YirTIMlORHjNIo-Vz0hENv-8npHUTfYZLb_9rfo-CEJLVnax-Pcwxtng\/s1429\/Picture2.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"954\" data-original-width=\"1429\" height=\"268\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi0zfraGhEwJ-Wr6qjCkG46xYfYteLmqBMhCvASyd98hY4iyAdxIH-qI9HDTqC4FMlKAhgUBKn8SUGQLp_fTPcWhDAShayts4kym84BDcWV5eBh41l_bAajym0qVtp7UopTe4YirTIMlORHjNIo-Vz0hENv-8npHUTfYZLb_9rfo-CEJLVnax-Pcwxtng\/w400-h268\/Picture2.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Sorting cobble tools at The State<br \/>\nMuseum of Pennsylvania archaeology lab. (photo: The State Museum of<br \/>\nPennsylvania)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><u style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">ANVILS:<\/span><\/u><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\"> Most of the artificially modified cobbles are anvils. Used in<br \/>\ncombination with a cobble hammer, these were sufficiently stationary heavy objects<br \/>\non which organic and inorganic materials were processed, such as nuts for human<br \/>\nconsumption and reducing blocks of chert\/quartz rock to grit size for pottery<br \/>\ntemper. The degree of modification these tools exhibit ranges from slight<br \/>\nbattering to extensive modification through heavy use on one or more of the cobble\u2019s<br \/>\nsurfaces although one or two locations on the two opposing sides of the cobble<br \/>\nis most common. Anvils were typically made from siltstone and sandstone.<\/span><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi5QQ0OI_tF6GOWiRtJH9TvMikvS7k0MXbEsynlD9ZZ3fHfxd99csP1-TFpQpimYPgQzKfcrZFDN59Pf0ISC6lE1GtYLocVHanSDEzswkoaIwhZrUpxIw3L15B43hPFZGBnpf3nDyedNI_Fq5a7E3nBIHxZJnYjTSRvWoVfoMa8lFOdS1Ko28TO7ymOSA\/s1429\/Picture3.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"797\" data-original-width=\"1429\" height=\"223\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi5QQ0OI_tF6GOWiRtJH9TvMikvS7k0MXbEsynlD9ZZ3fHfxd99csP1-TFpQpimYPgQzKfcrZFDN59Pf0ISC6lE1GtYLocVHanSDEzswkoaIwhZrUpxIw3L15B43hPFZGBnpf3nDyedNI_Fq5a7E3nBIHxZJnYjTSRvWoVfoMa8lFOdS1Ko28TO7ymOSA\/w400-h223\/Picture3.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Examples of anvils recovered from the<br \/>\nsite. (photo: The State Museum of Pennsylvania)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><u style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">MULLERS:<\/span><\/u><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\"> Generally mulling stones have flattened smooth and\/or polished surfaces.<br \/>\nUsually, this type of tool has two opposing flat surfaces where such<br \/>\nmodification exists. Mullers were handheld and used in conjunction with milling<br \/>\nstones to render certain foodstuffs into finer textures. Some mullers retain calcified<br \/>\ntraces of plant\/animal residues and orangish\/red pigmentation from refining hematite<br \/>\nrock into powdered ochre. Mullers were made from siltstone, sandstone and less<br \/>\nfrequently from granite.<\/span><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhzn_nprAjMTbNcgwiXzaCUZfHQtGY6sWhGemzZ4cz_o2av_MvlX_c1wwn7IW8xn8QwmkZZkXVCvdpSj_nYE269I3ix731oZs8YwV6KpVG5NvOD4DkTCsj42EwNFKwvucm3Bzx2-TzTeuRCPseImlrZMIL8_0jFHeEwEJUOJp_2JqT_JnmbHjrM7A2nTA\/s1429\/Picture4.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1080\" data-original-width=\"1429\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhzn_nprAjMTbNcgwiXzaCUZfHQtGY6sWhGemzZ4cz_o2av_MvlX_c1wwn7IW8xn8QwmkZZkXVCvdpSj_nYE269I3ix731oZs8YwV6KpVG5NvOD4DkTCsj42EwNFKwvucm3Bzx2-TzTeuRCPseImlrZMIL8_0jFHeEwEJUOJp_2JqT_JnmbHjrM7A2nTA\/w400-h303\/Picture4.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Composite image of an abrader (left)<br \/>\nand a muller\/milling stone (right) (photo: The State Museum of Pennsylvania)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><u style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">MILLS<\/span><\/u><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\">: Large cobbles up to thirty pounds (66 kilograms) in weight were used as<br \/>\nmilling tools and, like anvils, were stationary in use. They were used in conjunction<br \/>\nwith mullers. These large cobble tools have flat to concave surfaces from<br \/>\nmuller abrasion. Midden deposits located around mills show evidence of heavy<br \/>\norganic concentrations. Mills were made from siltstone and sandstone.<\/span><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjU5SVoLUkNsAnKc0pn6mu4YeBpwW5aGENHYXdfzoizuNBMr8yFuL8B2tS46EOPS0KHz0psIe0O96pZKcBy-sBfEpBx5PL9EPGy0NxQb7L6s3hxhqO8Qi0J9CQ2SpqsObtE3dksMcpP70HynGv_bBuQGnrlFSqVRcol1LQdykPIlpMn-nNKUAnmMfJTQg\/s1720\/Picture5.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1720\" data-original-width=\"1429\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjU5SVoLUkNsAnKc0pn6mu4YeBpwW5aGENHYXdfzoizuNBMr8yFuL8B2tS46EOPS0KHz0psIe0O96pZKcBy-sBfEpBx5PL9EPGy0NxQb7L6s3hxhqO8Qi0J9CQ2SpqsObtE3dksMcpP70HynGv_bBuQGnrlFSqVRcol1LQdykPIlpMn-nNKUAnmMfJTQg\/w333-h400\/Picture5.png\" width=\"333\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Examples of milling stones recovered<br \/>\nfrom the site. (photo: The State Museum of Pennsylvania)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><u style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">HAMMERS<\/span><\/u><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\">: hand size cobbles exhibiting multidirectional battering were hammers employed<br \/>\nin many ways from smashing animal bones for the purpose of extracting marrow to<br \/>\nrough shaping other stone into celts, pestles, projectile points, etc. Hammers are<br \/>\nmade from harder material such as silicified fine-grained siltstone, quartzite,<br \/>\nand granite. Sizes range from 2 \u2013 6 in (5 \u2013 15 cm), shapes are subspherical to<br \/>\nelongated and most display areas of localized faceting from repeated use from<br \/>\none direction of impact.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi5l0eNcLS8Httn0mrCpf09B_mCbG3dR0yakBrHCDIB0wvBO4yABhRW0JOoySjwhP3qaQiUp6bXrXMAnGrUMi7r3qkcSuOEVuCStPnDaib4Mgo9_Mjg8gomDchFLMq7IM5XJ6bJ8GrfY0BqGmEI-nM7L8U9Koxuv_9EKDLS_fQGCT8n1O5B16212IRhBA\/s1429\/Picture6.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"963\" data-original-width=\"1429\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi5l0eNcLS8Httn0mrCpf09B_mCbG3dR0yakBrHCDIB0wvBO4yABhRW0JOoySjwhP3qaQiUp6bXrXMAnGrUMi7r3qkcSuOEVuCStPnDaib4Mgo9_Mjg8gomDchFLMq7IM5XJ6bJ8GrfY0BqGmEI-nM7L8U9Koxuv_9EKDLS_fQGCT8n1O5B16212IRhBA\/w400-h270\/Picture6.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Examples of hammerstones recovered<br \/>\nfrom the site. (photo: The State Museum of Pennsylvania)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><u style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">ABRADERS<\/span><\/u><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\">: As with hammers, cobble abraders of different shapes and weights were<br \/>\nhand size. Wear patterns suggest that these objects were used to reduce a rough<br \/>\nor coarse surface object to a smoother one by employing the tool in a back-and-forth<br \/>\nmotion as in the way one would operate a hand saw. Any surface of the cobble<br \/>\nwas sufficient for abrading purposes as is indicated by the different use\/wear<br \/>\npatterns present on archaeological specimens. Abraders were commonly made from coarse<br \/>\ngrained siltstone and sandstone, ideal materials for their abilities to remove<br \/>\nexcess material in modifying bone, wood, and softer stone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\">To be sure, the foregoing is but a glimpse into the clouded history<br \/>\nof cobble tools and how they were used centuries ago in the Susquehanna\u2019s West<br \/>\nBranch valley. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/twipa.blogspot.com\/search?q=experimental+archaeology\" style=\"text-indent: 0.5in;\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Modern day experimental studies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%; text-indent: 0.5in;\"> into the replication of stone tools are<br \/>\nanother aspect of understanding how humans of long ago made and used stone tools<br \/>\n\u2013 cobble tools were no exception. Please visit with us next time when we will<br \/>\npresent another interesting topic in This Week in Pennsylvania Archaeology.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"><b>References<\/b><\/span><\/u><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Herbstritt,<br \/>\nJames T. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -1.0in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">2019\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Becoming<br \/>\nSusquehannock: The West Branch and North Branch Traditions. In: <i>The<br \/>\nSusquehannocks: New Perspectives on Settlement and Cultural Identity.<\/i><br \/>\nEdited by Paul A. Raber.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Herbstritt,<br \/>\nJames T.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 65.25pt; text-indent: -65.25pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">2020\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The<br \/>\nLate Woodland Period in the Susquehanna and Northern \u00a0\u00a0Potomac Drainage Basins, Circa AD 1100-1575.<br \/>\nIn: The Archaeology of Native Americans in Pennsylvania. Volume 2, edited by K.<br \/>\nCarr, Christopher A. Bergman, Christina B. Reith, Bernard K. Means, and Roger<br \/>\nMoeller; Elizabeth Wagner, Associate Editor <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Stein, Julie<br \/>\nK.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -1.5in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;\">1992\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Organic<br \/>\nMatter in Archaeological Contexts.\u00a0 In: <i>Soils<br \/>\nin<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -1.5in;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\nArchaeology: Landscape Evolution and Human Occupation, <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -1.5in;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\nedited by Vance T. Holliday<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;\">.<br \/>\nSmithsonian Institution Press,<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -1.5in;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;\">Washington. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -1.5in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Turnbaugh, William A. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.0in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">1977\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <i>Man,<br \/>\nLand and Time: The Cultural Prehistory and Demographic Patterns of<br \/>\nNorth-Central Pennsylvania<\/i>. Unigraphic, Inc. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Turnbaugh,<br \/>\nWilliam A.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.0in;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">1978\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Floods<br \/>\nand Archaeology. <i>American Antiquity<\/i>, 43(4):593-607. Washington.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recording archaeological sites can often lead to important discoveries that change what archaeologists know of the ancient activities of Indigenous people of long ago. For example, consider William Turnbaugh\u2019s detailed survey of the Susquehanna\u2019s West Branch valley as part of his doctoral dissertation, later released as Man, Land and Time: The Cultural Prehistory and Demographic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11767],"tags":[27844,15507,7082,20872,5296],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-69375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-archaeological","tag-collections","tag-museum","tag-pennsylvania","tag-state"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Archaeological Collections at the State Museum of Pennsylvania - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=69375\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Archaeological Collections at the State Museum of Pennsylvania - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Recording archaeological sites can often lead to important discoveries that change what archaeologists know of the ancient activities of Indigenous people of long ago. 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