{"id":65256,"date":"2025-02-03T01:44:13","date_gmt":"2025-02-03T01:44:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/analytics\/gtmtips-cross-domain-tracking-in-google-analytics-4\/"},"modified":"2025-02-03T01:44:13","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T01:44:13","slug":"gtmtips-cross-domain-tracking-in-google-analytics-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=65256","title":{"rendered":"#GTMTips: Cross-domain Tracking In Google Analytics 4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Setting up <strong>cross-domain tracking<\/strong> in <strong>Google Analytics 4<\/strong> has been <a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/analytics\/answer\/10071811?hl=en\">well-documented<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The main departure from <strong>Universal Analytics<\/strong> is how cross-domain measurement is something you configure through the <em>Google Analytics user interface<\/em> rather than through implementation and JavaScript.<\/p>\n<p>While this approach is obviously beneficial especially for those who lack the know-how or the resources to configure the JavaScript trackers, it does lead to problems, too.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, I want to tackle these edge cases. They are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>How to prevent the <code>_ga<\/code> cookie update from cross-domain tracking from messing with pre-existing client identifiers on the site.<\/li>\n<li>How to configure cross-domain tracking <em>manually<\/em> in case the automatic system doesn\u2019t work or you want more control over the deployment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>                <span class=\"simmer\"><br \/>\n  <span class=\"close\">X<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n    <span class=\"fa fa-md fa-bell\"\/><br \/>\n    <strong>The Simmer Newsletter<\/strong>\n  <\/p>\n<p>\n    Subscribe to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/newsletter\/\">Simmer newsletter<\/a> to get the latest news and content from Simo Ahava into your email inbox!\n  <\/p>\n<p>  <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tip-128-setting-up-cross-domain-tracking-in-google-analytics-4\">Tip 128: Setting up cross-domain tracking in Google Analytics 4<\/h2>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 960 \/ 540;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/cross-domain-tracking-google-analytics-4.jpg\" title=\"Cross-domain tracking in Google Analytics 4\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"540\" width=\"960\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/cross-domain-tracking-google-analytics-4.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"Cross-domain tracking in Google Analytics 4\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>If you recall, cross-domain tracking means that for websites <strong>collecting to the same Data Stream in Google Analytics 4<\/strong>, the client and session identifiers are preserved when the user moves from one domain to another.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>If the domains are <strong>subdomains<\/strong> of the same main domain, you <em>do not<\/em> have to configure cross-domain tracking, as the Google Analytics 4 cookies will be written on the main domain by default. This way they are available to all subdomains by default.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Cross-domain tracking adds a <strong>URL parameter<\/strong> to all outbound links from one configured domain to another configured domain.<\/p>\n<p>This URL parameter is a hash of the relevant identifiers, and the domain receiving the traffic will be able to take these identifiers and save them as new first-party cookies on the domain. This way the identifiers are persisted from one domain to the next.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"how-to-setup-cross-domain-tracking\">How to setup cross-domain tracking<\/h3>\n<p>While this is explained quite clearly in <a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/analytics\/answer\/10071811?hl=en\">the official documentation<\/a>, I\u2019ll revisit the steps here.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Make sure that all domains that you want to include in cross-domain tracking <strong>have data collection configured to the same Measurement ID (G-XXXXXXX)<\/strong>. This is imperative. Cross-domain tracking only works if all the domains collect data to the same data stream.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>In the Data Stream settings in Google Analytics 4, click <strong>More Tagging Settings<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>In the overlay that appears, click <strong>Configure your domains<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For example, to configure both <strong>simoahava.com<\/strong> and <strong>gtmtools.com<\/strong> for cross-domain traffic, I would populate the list like this:<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 1954 \/ 628;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/cross-domain-configuration.jpg\" title=\"Cross-domain configuration\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"628\" width=\"1954\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/cross-domain-configuration.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"Cross-domain configuration\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>To test this, go to one of the domains collecting to your data stream. Then, click a link that points to some domain you added to the list above.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 3186 \/ 68;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/cross-domain-params.jpg\" title=\"Cross-domain tracking URL parameters\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"68\" width=\"3186\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/cross-domain-params.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"Cross-domain tracking URL parameters\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>If all goes as planned, you should see a new URL parameter with <code>_gl<\/code> followed by a bunch of hashes. Each hash is prefixed with the cookie name. In the example above, we have the following hashes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>*_gcl_aw*<\/code>: Google Ads click identifier.<\/li>\n<li><code>*_ga*<\/code>: Google Analytics client identifier.<\/li>\n<li><code>*_ga_XXXXXXXXX*<\/code>: Google Analytics 4 session cookie.<\/li>\n<li><code>*_fplc*<\/code>: Cross-domain cookie for server-managed client identifiers when using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/gtm-tips\/cross-domain-tracking-server-side-fpid-cookie\/\">server-side Google Tag Manager<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you <em>don\u2019t<\/em> see the <code>_gl<\/code> parameter in the URL, it means that you\u2019ve either misconfigured the domain name(s) in the cross-domain tracking settings (double-check!) or that there\u2019s something messing with the automated link decoration and you need to employ a manual approach instead (read on!).<\/p>\n<p>The final thing to test is to compare the cookie set on the source domain with those set on the target domain. Assuming you\u2019ve got all the same technologies running on the target domain, you should see the cookies with matching values between the domain that sent the traffic and the domain the traffic landed on.<\/p>\n<p>For example, if you have a Google Analytics 4 <strong>config<\/strong> setup on the target domain, collecting to the same data stream as the GA4 set up on the source domain, both <code>_ga<\/code> and <code>_ga_XXXXXXXXXX<\/code> should have identical values across the two domains.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re serving a server-side Google Tag Manager container from the same account as the one served on the source domain (and you\u2019re collecting to the same Measurement ID), you should see the <code>FPLC<\/code> cookie with matching values between the two domains.<\/p>\n<p>And if you\u2019ve got a Google Ads conversion tag running on the target domain, you should see the <code>_gcl_aw<\/code> cookie set with the same click identifier as the one that was set on the source domain.<\/p>\n<p>All this testing serves a purpose: the traffic being sent from the source domain and the traffic being sent from the target domain should have the same identifiers across the relevant hits.<\/p>\n<p>If you see differences, then there\u2019s an implementation mistake somewhere.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"how-to-account-for-a-multi-property-or-multi-platform-setup\">How to account for a multi-property or multi-platform setup<\/h3>\n<p>Cross-domain tracking overwrites the Google Analytics cookie(s) on the target domain with values from those on the source domain. This is necessary to align the concept of a \u201cuser\u201d and \u201csession\u201d across the two domains.<\/p>\n<p>However, what if you already have those cookies configured on the target domain, maybe even with an extensive history of data collected with the identifiers? <strong>Too bad!<\/strong> Those values will be bulldozed by the ones from the source domain.<\/p>\n<p>For this reason, <strong>if you have other trackers on the target domain too<\/strong>, for which you want to <strong>avoid<\/strong> cross-domain tracking from overwriting the identifiers, you need to <strong>protect<\/strong> those other trackers by <strong>namespacing<\/strong> their cookies.<\/p>\n<p>This is different from Universal Analytics, where the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/gtm-tips\/cross-domain-tracking-with-multiple-ga-trackers\/\">recommended practice<\/a> was to rename the <strong>roll-up tracker cookie<\/strong> so that any pre-existing cookies would be left untouched.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, with Google Analytics 4, the cross-domain linker <strong>only works with the default cookie name<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Naturally, this means that if you want to implement cross-domain tracking, you\u2019re going to lose your local GA history anyway, unless you implement some complicated shenanigan to copy the cookie value from <code>_ga<\/code> to <code>_local_ga<\/code> first before the cross-domain linker has time to do its work.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Yes, this is <strong>super awkward<\/strong> and really an obstacle for setting up automated cross-domain tracking if you want to preserve history on the target site!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>If you don\u2019t mind starting from scratch with the non-cross-domain Google Analytics 4 properties, you can set their <code>cookie_prefix<\/code> field to some values. After that, all tags that use this config will have their <code>_ga<\/code> cookie prefixed with whatever you added to that field.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 1782 \/ 890;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/cookie-prefix.jpg\" title=\"The cookie_prefix field\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"890\" width=\"1782\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/cookie-prefix.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"The cookie_prefix field\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>This is how it looks like once the cookies are set:<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 1340 \/ 306;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/local-and-xdom-cookies.jpg\" title=\"Local and cross-domain cookies\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"306\" width=\"1340\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2021\/10\/local-and-xdom-cookies.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"Local and cross-domain cookies\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"how-to-configure-cross-domain-tracking-manually\">How to configure cross-domain tracking manually<\/h3>\n<p>If <strong>cross-domain tracking doesn\u2019t work automatically<\/strong>, if you want more control <strong>over which cookies are overwritten<\/strong>, or if you just don\u2019t trust any automated configurations and want a more manual touch for setting things up, you can always set up cross-domain tracking <strong>manually<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, it\u2019s <em>really awkward<\/em>. For some reason, there\u2019s no built-in API in <code>gtag.js<\/code> or Google Tag Manager which would allow us to generate the linker parameter (the one with the <code>_gl<\/code>) manually. Instead, even per the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/analytics\/answer\/10071811#setup\">official documentation<\/a>, you\u2019ll need to build the query string <em>manually<\/em>, adding cookie values as URL parameters to the outbound links, and then grabbing them from the URL on the target site.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s just not sophisticated. At all. It requires a <em>crazy<\/em> amount of manual labor from the site admin.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s the process you\u2019ll need to do:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>On the source site(s), write an event listener that listens to all link clicks (or relevant interactions) targeted at domains you want to pass the identifiers to.<\/li>\n<li>When such an event happens, prevent the default action (redirect) of the event in the listener callback.<\/li>\n<li>Pull in the first-party cookie values that you want to pass to the target page, and append them to the original link URL as query parameters.<\/li>\n<li>At the very least, <strong>add the current timestamp<\/strong> to the URL as well (more on this below). If possible, write a simple <strong>browser fingerprint<\/strong> as well.<\/li>\n<li>Load the target URL with the URL parameters in place.<\/li>\n<li>On the target page, check if the timestamp in the URL is less than one minute old (for example) and, optionally, that the browser fingerprint matches the current browser.<\/li>\n<li>Before any tags have time to fire, run a script that pulls the values from the URL and writes them into first-party cookies on the target URL.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>On (6), we\u2019re trying to prevent a scenario where the user shares the URL in social media (or similar), after which anyone who follows the link will be considered as the same user as the one who shared the link.<\/p>\n<p>As an option to (7), if you\u2019re only concerned about Google Analytics 4 (client-side) tracking, you could also load the URL parameter values directly into the GA4 configuration with something like:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<pre style=\"background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4\"><code class=\"language-javascript\" data-lang=\"javascript\">gtag(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'config'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'G-12345'<\/span>, {\n  <span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\">\/\/ Namespace roll-up trackers\n<\/span><span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\"\/>  cookie_prefix: <span style=\"color:#a50\">'roll-up'<\/span>,\n  <span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\">\/\/ Pull in the Client ID from the URL\n<\/span><span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\"\/>  client_id: (<span style=\"color:#00a\">new<\/span> URLSearchParams(<span style=\"color:#0aa\">document<\/span>.location.search)).get(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'client_id'<\/span>),\n  <span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\">\/\/ Pull in the Session ID from the URL\n<\/span><span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\"\/>  session_id: (<span style=\"color:#00a\">new<\/span> URLSearchParams(<span style=\"color:#0aa\">document<\/span>.location.search)).get(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'session_id'<\/span>)  \n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>This is just a <em>very simple<\/em> example. It <strong>sucks<\/strong> that you have to do all this work manually. Google Analytics 4 would <em>really<\/em> need an API for grabbing the linker parameter. Hopefully soon I can update this article happily with details on how to generate the linker parameter manually.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"summary\">Summary<\/h2>\n<p>While it\u2019s great that cross-domain tracking works without having to run code on the site, it would be equally great if there were a viable manual option, too.<\/p>\n<p>The biggest issues with cross-domain tracking in Google Analytics 4 are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>No viable way to <em>protect<\/em> cookies from being overwritten on the target domain.<\/li>\n<li>No viable way of <em>manually<\/em> generating the linker parameter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Both of these scenarios require, ironically, quite a bit of manual work to resolve. And because there\u2019s no way to programmatically generate the linker parameter, this manual work will almost always be substandard to what the <code>gtag.js<\/code> library generates automatically.<\/p>\n<p>Cross-domain tracking is such a fundamental part of any web analytics platform. I\u2019m glad that Google Analytics 4 has done its best to demystify it by externalizing the setup to the GA4 user interface.<\/p>\n<p>The next step is to include sufficient means to set it up (or configure it) manually, too.<\/p>\n<p>Let me know in the comments if you have questions about setting cross-domain tracking up in Google Analytics 4! I\u2019m aware I didn\u2019t include a full example of how to do the cross-domain decoration manually, but I\u2019m holding off for the chance that we\u2019ll have the means to generate the linker parameter manually.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Setting up cross-domain tracking in Google Analytics 4 has been well-documented. The main departure from Universal Analytics is how cross-domain measurement is something you configure through the Google Analytics user interface rather than through implementation and JavaScript. While this approach is obviously beneficial especially for those who lack the know-how or the resources to configure [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65257,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12033],"tags":[12765,35252,1531,14492,1706],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-65256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analytics","tag-analytics","tag-crossdomain","tag-google","tag-gtmtips","tag-tracking"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>#GTMTips: Cross-domain Tracking In Google Analytics 4 - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=65256\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"#GTMTips: Cross-domain Tracking In Google Analytics 4 - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Setting up cross-domain tracking in Google Analytics 4 has been well-documented. 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