On December 21, 1864, the port city of Savannah, Georgia, unconditionally surrendered to Major General William Tecumseh Sherman and his Military Division of the Mississippi. It was the coup de grace of Sherman\u2019s \u201cMarch to the Sea\u201d\u2014an attritional campaign that carved a swath of destruction through Georgia\u2019s economic heartland. Sixty thousand Federal troops employed a scorched-earth policy, as described in <\/span>Special Field Order No. 120<\/span><\/u><\/a>, that crippled Confederate industrial capacity, destroyed infrastructure, and damaged civilian resources. These punitive measures weakened Southern morale and ensured material superiority for the Union.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n On February 1, 1865, after several weeks of convalescence, Sherman reinvigorated his total war strategy with the Carolinas Campaign, seeking to disrupt crucial transportation networks that supplied General Robert E. Lee\u2019s besieged Confederate army in Petersburg, Virginia. By contemporary accounts, the Carolinas Campaign was more devastating than Sherman\u2019s March through Georgia; synonymous with incendiary violence and indiscriminate vandalism. \u201cThe whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance upon South Carolina,\u201d Sherman remarked, alluding to the Palmetto State\u2019s significance as the cradle of secession. \u201cI almost tremble at her fate, but feel that she deserves all that seems to be in store for her.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Sherman\u2019s army stormed through South Carolina\u2014brushing away Major General Lafayette McLaws\u2019s division at the Battle of Rivers\u2019 Bridge (February 3) and General Joseph Wheeler\u2019s cavalry brigade at the Battle of Aiken (February 11)\u2014and descended upon Columbia after two weeks of tenacious campaigning. Lieutenant General Wade Hampton\u2014the chief Confederate cavalry officer who commanded the state capital\u2019s five thousand defenders\u2014realized the futility of confronting Sherman\u2019s fervid forces and abandoned Columbia on February 17, allowing the Union army to capture (and subsequently burn) the city virtually unopposed. Columbia\u2019s capitulation consequently compromised Lieutenant General William Hardee\u2019s defense of Charleston. On February 18, under the mounting risk of encirclement, Hardee hastily withdrew his command (fourteen thousand troops under the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida) north towards Wilmington, North Carolina\u2014the Confederacy\u2019s last major Atlantic seaport.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n General Braxton Bragg\u2019s Department of North Carolina and Major General Robert Hoke\u2019s division from the Army of Northern Virginia manned the coastal defenses of Wilmington. Between February 11 \u2013 22, the combined Southern forces lost a series of engagements to Major General John M. Schofield\u2019s XXIII Corps and Major General Alfred Terry\u2019s Fort Fisher Expeditionary Corps, culminating in Bragg\u2019s untimely evacuation of Wilmington on February 22.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n With the Southern war effort collapsing on all fronts, Confederate leadership scrambled to consolidate their scattered field commands and arrange a staunch defense against Sherman. The Departments of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, along with Lieutenant General Alexander P. Stewart\u2019s Army of Tennessee\u2014whose ranks were decimated during General John Bell Hood\u2019s failed Franklin-Nashville Campaign of 1864\u2014reorganized as the \u201cArmy of the South.\u201d This ragtag rebel force, scarcely numbered at twenty thousand men, was placed under the direction of Lieutenant General Joseph Eggleston Johnston, who was reluctantly reinstated to active duty by Confederate President Jefferson Davis at the behest of General-in-Chief Robert E. Lee\u2014Davis had removed Johnston from the Army of Tennessee\u2019s command in July 1864 due to his cautious tendencies (and political interfering from Bragg). While Johnston concentrated his Southern field forces around Smithfield, Generals Hardee and Hampton maneuvered west to delay the Union advance and obtain intelligence regarding Sherman\u2019s strategy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n On March 8, as the Union army crossed into North Carolina, Sherman\u2019s fast-paced campaigning was encumbered by inclement weather. Days of steady rains had swelled waterways to impassable depths and transformed country roads into muddy quagmires. To dilute these logistical deterrents, Sherman divided his command into two columns: the Left Wing (Army of Georgia) under Major General Henry Slocum and the Right Wing (Army of the Tennessee) under Major General Oliver Otis Howard. Each contingent carried thirty thousand men and marched separately along parallel routes towards Goldsboro\u2014a strategic railroad town where Sherman planned to rendezvous with the armies of Schofield and Terry.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Sherman\u2019s cavalry commander, Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick, led the advance guard for Slocum\u2019s Left Wing. Having learned that Hampton\u2019s scouts were surveilling his movements, an overconfident Kilpatrick sought to neutralize the rebel nuisance. On the evening of March 9, nearly two thousand Union cavalrymen bivouacked around Monroe\u2019s Crossroads, directly blocking the Confederates\u2019 route to Fayetteville; however, Federal patrols inaccurately estimated the strength of Hampton\u2019s approaching force. Throughout the rainy night, Hampton and his counterpart, General Joseph Wheeler, stealthily deployed their units around Kilpatrick\u2019s unsuspecting camp.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n At daybreak on March 10, the bugle call of \u201ccharge\u201d echoed through the pine barrens. Hampton\u2019s cavalry plowed into Kilpatrick\u2019s camp, capturing military supplies and scattering startled Federal soldiers. Aroused by the sudden crescendo of small arms fire, Kilpatrick\u2014allegedly preoccupied with his mistress\u2014fled into a nearby swamp wearing only his undergarments, narrowly evading capture.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n After regaining his composure, Kilpatrick organized a counterattack. The once-precise rebel onslaught had descended into chaotic looting, and Kilpatrick\u2019s men made easy work reclaiming their campground. The Confederates reformed several charges, but ultimately withdrew to avoid approaching Union infantry. Kilpatrick lost 183 men in combat while Hampton sustained only 86 casualties. Though brief, the Battle of Monroe\u2019s Crossroads was one of the largest all-cavalry engagements of the Civil War and the first organized assault against Sherman\u2019s men in North Carolina.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n The Confederates launched another determined stand against Slocum\u2019s Left Wing at the Battle of Averasboro. On the morning of March 16, two XX Corps divisions under Brigadier General Alpheus Williams engaged General Hardee\u2019s array of Confederate defenses along the Raleigh Plank Road\u2014three lines of infantry (approximately six thousand men) commanded by Brigadier Generals William Taliaferro and Lafayette McLaws and Wheeler\u2019s cavalry division. The Union army methodically overwhelmed the first two rows of inexperienced rebel recruits, but encountered unwavering resistance against Hardee\u2019s final defensive line. Reinforcements from Major General Jefferson C. Davis\u2019s XIV Corps were fed into the fight, participating in several ill-conceived frontal assaults that yielded costly casualties. Facing an increasing numeric disadvantage, Hardee conducted a tactical overnight withdrawal towards Smithfield. The Battle of Averasboro resulted in \u201cbetween 400 and 500\u201d Confederate losses, according to Hardee, while the Union army sustained 682 casualties\u2014a \u201cserious loss\u201d that further delayed Sherman\u2019s wagon trains.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n After Averasboro, Johnston received confirmation that Goldsboro was Sherman\u2019s prime objective. Armed with this critical information, Johnston tasked Hampton to reconnoiter the landscape and identify areas advantageous for a general engagement. Hampton designated Willis Cole\u2019s Plantation\u2014situated in the village of Bentonville, twenty miles south of Smithfield\u2014as a preferred location to block the Union advance. The columns of Slocum and Howard were sufficiently separated by a day\u2019s march, effectively bisecting their available manpower. Encouraged, Johnston expeditiously mobilized his command around Cole\u2019s Plantation, erecting strong fieldworks in a hook-shaped formation. Bragg\u2019s Department of North Carolina and Hoke\u2019s Division protected the Confederate left, south of Goldsboro Road, while Generals Stewart and Hardee anchored the rebel right.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Like many pre-war North Carolina communities, Bentonville developed from the naval stores industry\u2014the processing of longleaf pines to create hydrophobic lubricants and watertight seals for shipping implements. Many inhabitants were \u201cturpentine laborers\u201d while others were coopers, building barrels to store raw sap, tar, and pitch. This industry is what influenced North Carolina\u2019s nickname \u201cThe Tar Heel State.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n THE BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE \u2013 MARCH 19, 1865<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \t<\/span>\u201cThe vast field was soon covered with men, horses, artillery, caissons, etc., which brought back vividly to <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \t\u00a0\u2013 Samuel Toombs, 13th\u00a0New Jersey<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n The Battle of Bentonville opened at dawn when Union foragers from the XIV Corps encountered Confederate pickets commanded by Colonel George Dibrell. Sharp skirmishing ensued with increasing rebel resistance as the Federals pressed down Goldsboro Road. The rattle of musketry captured the attention of XIV Corps commander Jefferson C. Davis, who was conferring with his superiors, Slocum and Sherman, several miles west of the unfolding action. Davis immediately expressed concern\u2014these clamorous sounds suggested more than the typical morning harassment\u2014but Sherman demurred, confident the main Confederate force resided near Raleigh, the state capital. \u201cBrush them out of the way,\u201d Sherman replied as he rode off to join Howard\u2019s Right Wing. Slocum obliged and mobilized General William Carlin\u2019s First Division at 7:00 am, imprudently underestimating his enemy\u2019s strength.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Carlin steadily advanced along Goldsboro Road, driving Dibrell\u2019s defenders back with relative ease. By 10:00 am, General Harrison C. Hobart\u2019s infantry had captured rebel earthworks at Reddick Morris\u2019s Farm; however, as Hobart progressed towards Cole\u2019s Plantation, his brigade was greeted by a withering barrage of small arms and artillery fire from Hoke\u2019s entrenched Confederate division. The Federals fled into a wooded ravine where Carlin deployed the rest of his command and prepared to suppress the stubborn rebel threat. General James D. Morgan\u2019s Second Division arrived to reinforce Carlin\u2019s right flank within the hour.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Around noon, Carlin launched a tepid, large-scale reconnaissance effort to probe for weaknesses in the Confederate line. Nearly all XIV Corps brigades engaged were immediately repulsed with heavy losses. Following the disjointed and ineffectual Union assault, General Bragg, whose forces manned the entrenchments south of Goldsboro Road, pleaded for reinforcements as Morgan\u2019s division gradually amassed at his front. Johnston directed McLaws\u2019s division to assist; however, this maneuver\u2014which depleted Johnston\u2019s main attacking force at Cole\u2019s Plantation by nearly twenty-five percent\u2014proved to be a costly tactical error.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n At 2:00 pm, General Slocum received a sobering revelation from several Confederate prisoners. \u201cJohnston and Hardee are here,\u201d the Left Wing commander dispatched to General Sherman. \u201cI think a portion of the Right Wing should be brought forward at once.\u201d While Slocum awaited his superior\u2019s reply, he hastily ordered Davis\u2019s XIV Corps to establish forward defensive positions and motioned Williams\u2019s XX Corps to Morris Farm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n As Davis\u2019s men entrenched, a gap was discovered in the Union center, just north of Goldsboro Road. The vanguard of Williams\u2019s XX Corps, General James S. Robinson\u2019s brigade, was tasked to plug this vulnerability. Robinson deployed his men along a shallow ravine, but was unable to connect with Carlin\u2019s division, who had positioned themselves too far forward. When Slocum\u2019s Chief of Engineers, Lieutenant William Ludlow, implored Carlin to redeploy south on Robinson\u2019s left, the XIV Corps commander, fatuously confident in his situation, dismissed the recommendation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n At 2:45 pm, the \u201cLast Grand Charge\u201d of the Confederate army fell upon Slocum\u2019s scrambling Left Wing. General Hardee personally led the Army of Tennessee and Taliaferro\u2019s division into battle from Cole\u2019s Plantation, crashing into Carlin\u2019s flimsy frontline with irrepressible force. The bewildered brigades of Generals Hobart and George P. Buell, which formed Carlin\u2019s left flank, broke almost immediately against the grey tide. The remainder of Carlin\u2019s division promptly disintegrated, resulting in a chaotic retreat toward Morris Farm; Carlin himself was almost captured in the melee. This inglorious opening engagement was later lamented as the \u201cBattle of Acorn Run\u201d\u2014a reference mocking the XIV Corps\u2019 insignia.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n With Carlin\u2019s division pitched from battle, Major General Daniel Harvey Hill\u2019s Confederate Corps stormed the resulting vacuum, violently clashing with General Benjamin Fearing\u2019s brigade along Goldsboro Road. Much like Carlin, Fearing\u2019s line crumbled under intense pressure, resulting in a disorderly retreat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Around 4:00 pm, the Confederates converged upon Morgan\u2019s tenuous salient. Hoke\u2019s division advanced from their entrenchments south of Goldsboro Road while Hill\u2019s men\u2014disorganized and exhausted from their fight with Fearing\u2014maneuvered towards the Union rear. Despite being subjected to enfilading fire, Morgan\u2019s division stood resilient behind their crude breastworks; the faltering Confederate onslaught piecemeal in their pursuit. The timely arrival of General William Cogswell\u2019s brigade (XX Corps) provided Morgan with the necessary reinforcements to launch a determined counterattack. Federal troops bravely confronted Hill\u2019s command in \u201cThe Bullpen\u201d\u2014a wooded swampland where intense hand-to-hand combat ensued\u2014stemming the rebel offensive.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n While Cogswell supported Morgan in the Bullpen, the rest of the XX Corps strengthened their positions around Morris Farm\u2014the Confederate divisions of Taliaferro and Major General William Bate mustering within the pinewood forest before them. At 4:30 pm, the anxious Southern army emerged en masse. The collective guns of General James Robinson\u2019s brigade and concentrated Union artillery (twenty-one cannons from six batteries) accosted the enemy with punishing consequences. Explosive shells and canister shot punctured rebel formations. The inexperienced soldiers of General Stephen Elliot\u2019s brigade turned tail while Rhett\u2019s Brigade (under Colonel William Butler) and Bate\u2019s veterans from the Army of Tennessee relentlessly assail Robinson\u2019s position seven separate times\u2014each attempt yielding costly casualties. Nightfall saved the destruction of Slocum\u2019s Left Wing and brought the engagement to a tactical draw. Unable to decisively dislodge the Union army, Johnston withdrew his command to their original defensive positions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Despite the incessant rumbling of artillery throughout the afternoon, General Sherman adamantly maintained that Slocum was engaged with a few \u201c stubborn skirmishing parties.\u201d However, his attitude changed later that evening, as Slocum\u2019s pleas for reinforcements began to mount with increasing acuity: \u201c[The] commands of Hardee, Stewart, [Stephen D.] Lee, Cheatham, Hill, and Hoke are here\u2026I feel confident in holding my position, but I deem it of the greatest importance that [Howard\u2019s] Right Wing come up during the night to my assistance.\u201d Sherman reassured Slocum, \u201c[We] will move at moonrise toward Bentonville. All the army is coming toward you as fast as possible.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n THE BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE \u2013 MARCH 20, 1865<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n The impending arrival of Howard\u2019s Right Wing imperiled Johnston\u2019s overextended Army of the South. The Confederate commander directed Hampton\u2019s cavalry to delay Sherman\u2019s approach while transportation details evacuated the wounded to Smithfield\u2014a \u201cmaddeningly slow\u201d effort due to lack of ambulances.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Lead elements of General John A. Logan\u2019s XV Corps (totaling fifteen thousand troops) arrived on the battlefield around noon; their ranks deployed opposite Hoke\u2019s division along Sam Howell Branch. An additional eleven thousand men, General Francis P. Blair\u2019s XVII Corps, followed closely behind, bolstering the Union right flank to the northeast. Johnston desperately rearranged his field units around Mill Creek Bridge\u2014the only viable route of retreat\u2014to address the growing Federal presence. Opportunistic Union commands, namely Lieutenant Colonel George W. Grummond\u2019s 14th\u00a0Michigan Infantry Regiment, aggressively seized abandoned Confederate earthworks during Johnston\u2019s tactical withdrawal, notwithstanding Sherman\u2019s direct order to avoid a full-scale assault. Grummond prodded down Goldsboro Road, encountering D.H. Hill\u2019s reformed defenses in the early afternoon. Heavy skirmishing followed for several hours. Union casualties rapidly accumulated under concentrated artillery, forcing Grummond to abandon his impulsive operation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n By evening, nearly sixty thousand Union soldiers were present against Johnston\u2019s eighteen thousand effectives. Though heavily outnumbered, the Confederates were well-entrenched. Johnston hoped Sherman would be reckless enough to hazard a frontal assault\u2014one that would surely result in tremendous Union casualties\u2014but no such encounter materialized. Given the disparity in manpower, Sherman was convinced that Johnston would simply retreat overnight and avoid any further bloodshed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n THE BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE \u2013 MARCH 21, 1865<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \t<\/span>\u201cMy men buried 26 dead rebels in our front\u2026Found a dead boy laying close by a dead officer, supposed it <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \t<\/span>was his father. We could only dig the depth of a spade and water would fill up the ditch\u2026[We] covered <\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \t<\/span>them as best we could.\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \t\u00a0\u2013 Lieutenant Colonel Allen L. Fahnestock, 86th\u00a0Illinois Infantry<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Much to Sherman\u2019s chagrin, Johnston\u2019s stubborn Confederate army remained firmly entrenched the following morning. Sporadic skirmishing resumed as a driving rain soaked the battlefield. That afternoon, Major General Joseph A. Mower, whose XVII Corps division anchored the far Union right flank, requested permission from General Blair to launch \u201ca little reconnaissance\u201d north of his position. Mower received approval and swiftly maneuvered two brigades around the Confederate left, discovering sparse defenses near Mill Creek Bridge. Sensing an advantageous opportunity, Mower escalated his scouting mission to a full-scale attack. At 4:00 pm, Federal troops assailed the weak rebel flank with overwhelming force, scattering Johnston and his staff from their nearby headquarters. While the surprise attack was initially successful, Mower\u2019s maneuver left him dangerously isolated, nearly a mile from any support.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n With his only evacuation route in jeopardy, Johnston hastened Hardee\u2019s command to strengthen the left flank. At the same time, Confederate reinforcements arrived from Smithfield \u2014one thousand soldiers under General Frank Cheatham\u2014and delivered stiff resistance against Mower\u2019s audacious assault. With daylight waning, Hardee personally directed a violent counterattack that stymied Mower\u2019s offensive and saved Mill Creek Bridge from capture; however, this decisive action came at a great personal cost to the general, whose only son, sixteen-year-old Willie, was mortally wounded while charging with the Eight Texas Cavalry.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Sherman was furious over Mower\u2019s improvisational belligerence. Fearing a renewed general engagement, the Union commander ordered portions of the XVII and XV Corps across Sam Howell Branch to engage Confederate lines and take pressure off of Mower\u2019s recalled division. Fierce firefights developed, inflicting heavy casualties on both sides, but the determined rebels maintained their positions against overwhelming odds through the battle\u2019s end.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Although Johnston\u2019s Southerners had achieved early success at Bentonville, they were unable to capitalize against the full weight of Sherman\u2019s Military Division. Surrounded on three sides and lacking the advantage of surprise, the Confederates conducted an overnight retreat to Smithfield, destroying Mill Creek Bridge in the process. The Union army failed to detect the Confederate withdrawal until it was over. The Battle of Bentonville resulted in 4,133 combined casualties\u2014Confederates losses numbered 239 killed, 1,694 wounded, and 673 missing while the Federals sustained 194 killed, 1,112 wounded, and 221 missing.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n On March 23, after having reorganized his shattered army, Johnston delivered a despondent telegram to General Robert E. Lee: \u201cSherman\u2019s course cannot be hindered by the small force I have. I can do no more than annoy him. I respectfully suggest that it is no longer a question whether you leave your present position; you have only to decide where to meet Sherman. I will be near him.\u201d On April 9, Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at <\/span><\/span>Appomattox Court House<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/a>, leaving Johnston\u2019s command susceptible to a combined Union offensive. Seeing the futility of further resistance, Johnston surrendered to Sherman on April 26, 1865, at <\/span><\/span>Bennett Place<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/a>\u00a0near Durham. <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n In 1867, the Union dead around Bentonville Battlefield were reinterred at Raleigh National Cemetery while Confederate soldiers remained buried beneath inconspicuous gravesites. In 1894, the Goldsboro Rifles, a former Confederate militia group, erected an obelisk-style monument to commemorate their fallen comrades. The memorial\u2014which identifies a mass grave containing 360 unknown rebel soldiers\u2014was officially dedicated on March 20, 1895, by former Confederate general and South Carolina governor Wade Hampton.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n BENTONVILLE BATTLEFIELD STATE HISTORIC SITE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Today, more than two thousand acres of Bentonville\u2019s battleground have been preserved by the American Battlefield Trust and North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. This often overlooked State Historic Site and National Historic Landmark features original fieldworks, eight miles of hiking trails, and a ten-mile driving tour.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n The Bentonville Driving Tour begins at Harper Farm (c. 1855)\u2014commandeered as a XIV Corps field hospital during the battle. More than five hundred Union and several dozen Confederate soldiers were treated here while nine members of the Harper family remained sequestered on the second floor. After the battle, the Federals transported their wounded to Goldsboro and paroled rebel convalescents left in the Harpers\u2019 care. At least twenty wounded Confederates subsequently died and were buried in the family cemetery.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n The driving tour continues down Mill Creek Church Road to the Michigan Engineer Trenches. On March 19, 1865, members of the 1st\u00a0Michigan Engineers established these fieldworks for Major General Alpheaus William\u2019s XX Corps\u2014an extraordinary assignment considering engineers were rarely utilized for frontline defense strategy. Circling back to Harper House Road, the tour route proceeds to Morris Farm. This is the area where Taliaferro\u2019s division clashed with Robinson\u2019s XX Corps Brigade and massed Union artillery, resulting in considerable Confederate casualties.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n The next several stops revolve around Cole\u2019s Plantation\u2014the staging ground for the \u201cLast Grand Charge\u201d of the Confederacy. The Battle of Acorn Run (Stop D) marks the dissolution of Carlin\u2019s division, senselessly shattered during the Army of Tennessee\u2019s initial advance. Further to the east lies \u201cThe Bullpen\u201d\u2014a swampy terrain where General James D. Morgan\u2019s division tangled with Hoke\u2019s command in bloody close-quarters combat. Behind feeble fieldworks, Morgan\u2019s men miraculously maintained their positions before being relieved by Cogswell\u2019s XX Corps brigade.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/wow-image><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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