{"id":53979,"date":"2025-01-28T20:36:57","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T20:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/aerospace\/archaeologists-discover-ancient-tokens-that-roman-soldiers-used-to-play-strategy-games\/"},"modified":"2025-01-28T20:36:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T20:36:57","slug":"archaeologists-discover-ancient-tokens-that-roman-soldiers-used-to-play-strategy-games","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979","title":{"rendered":"Archaeologists Discover Ancient Tokens That Roman Soldiers Used to Play Strategy Games"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-article-body=\"\">\n<figure class=\"article-image lead-article-image\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/AdhNOV1zVt1-Zumkq_NNgZ5lcWA=\/1000x750\/filters:no_upscale():focal(960x549:961x550)\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/97\/16\/97165994-c3ce-4aae-8f7f-a009290869b7\/tokens_3.jpg\" alt=\"Examining token\" itemprop=\"image\"\/><figcaption class=\"caption\">\n<p>                The tokens are roughly the size of a half-dollar coin and feature markings etched into their surfaces.<br \/>\n              <span class=\"credit\">Karab\u00fck University<\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Archaeologists digging in the ancient Roman city of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebyzantinelegacy.com\/edirne#:~:text=Hadrian%20refounded%20the%20Thracian%20settlement%20of%20Uskudama%20around%20125%20and%20renamed%20it%20Hadrianopolis.\">Hadrianopolis<\/a>, located near Eskipazar in modern-day Turkey, have unearthed two bone tokens dating to the fifth century C.E. that they suspect belong to a strategic board game enjoyed by Roman soldiers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese bone objects are lentil-shaped and disk-shaped,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/unis.karabuk.edu.tr\/akademisyen\/ersincelikbas\">Ersin \u00c7elikbas<\/a>, an archaeologist at Karab\u00fck University who leads excavations at Hadrianopolis, tells the state-run <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/culture\/remains-of-roman-era-military-game-unearthed-in-turkish-ancient-city\/3447319\">Anadolu Agency<\/a>\u2019s Orhan Kuzu. \u201cOne stone has a four-armed symbol, while the other has an eight-armed symbol.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The markings on the tokens, which are roughly the size of a half-dollar coin, likely indicated the strategic purpose or worth of each piece during a game, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/kbumedya.karabuk.edu.tr\/hadrianopoliste-5-yuzyila-ait-oyun-taslari-bulundu-askeri-stratejiye-dayali-tarihi-bir-miras\">statement<\/a> from Karab\u00fck University. Some 1,600 years ago, perhaps soldiers on the easternmost edge of the empire shuffled the slim bone tokens across a board, attempting to outwit their opponents.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article-image \">\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/ioMfZAefPjOe1JWlFFrRCKLOzm4=\/fit-in\/1072x0\/filters:focal(1920x1097:1921x1098)\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/66\/54\/66549500-37f4-41f9-9b86-2a5568bd6837\/tokens.jpeg\" alt=\"Tokens 2\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><figcaption class=\"caption\">\n<p>      The two game tokens might have belonged to a popular Roman game like\u00a0<em>Ludus Latrunculi.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>      <span class=\"credit\">Karab\u00fck University<\/span><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u00c7elikbas suggests that the pieces could have belonged to a popular Roman game like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cyningstan.com\/game\/68\/ludus-latrunculorum\"><em>Ludus Latrunculorum<\/em><\/a>. Also known as <em>Ludus Latrunculi<\/em>, which translates to \u201cGame of Mercenaries,\u201d the two-player strategy game was the \u201ctoast of the Roman Empire,\u201d as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/science-nature\/best-board-games-ancient-world-180974094\/\"><em>Smithsonian<\/em> magazine<\/a>\u2019s Meilan Solly wrote in 2020. It was ubiquitous in Roman culture, with roots in the ancient Greek game of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/boardandpieces\/list-of-games\/petteia-and-latrunculi\">Petteia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Ludus Latrunculi <\/em>was \u201cknown for its simplicity yet deep strategic layers,\u201d Koray Erdogan writes for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkiyetoday.com\/culture\/did-roman-soldiers-play-strategy-games-ancient-game-pieces-discovered-in-hadrianopolis-103722\/\"><em>T\u00fcrkiye Today<\/em><\/a>. While the exact rules have been lost to history, <a href=\"https:\/\/unifr.academia.edu\/UlrichSch%C3%A4dler\">Ulrich Sch\u00e4dler<\/a>, an archaeologist at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland, suggested in a 1994 <a href=\"http:\/\/history.chess.free.fr\/papers\/Schadler%202001.pdf\">essay<\/a> that players would have attempted to surround a lone piece of their opponent\u2019s with two of their own until one side\u2019s pieces were all captured.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"video\">\n<div class=\"embedly-plugin\" data-type=\"video\">\n<div class=\"video-image\">\n<p>Hadrianopolis&#8217;te 5. Y\u00fczy\u0131la Ait Oyun Ta\u015flar\u0131 Bulundu: Askeri Stratejiye Dayal\u0131 Tarihi Bir Miras<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/X3u-eKFp1_0\/maxresdefault.jpg\" data-video-id=\"X3u-eKFp1_0\"\/><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>  <iframe width=\"854\" src=\"\" frameborder=\"0\" id=\"player\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe><\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>The two bone pieces found at Hadrianopolis might also have belonged to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.getty.edu\/education\/college\/ancient_rome_at_home\/pdf\/ludus_duodecim_scriptorum_game.pdf\"><em>Duodecim Scripta<\/em><\/a>, a game comparable to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/sports\/backgammon\">backgammon<\/a> played on a board with three rows of twelve squares, according to Anadolu Agency.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese were games based on military strategy,\u201d \u00c7elikbas tells Anadolu Agency. He likens them to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/there-is-a-certain-amount-of-humor-in-checkers-56792581\/\">checkers<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.militarytimes.com\/off-duty\/military-culture\/2023\/11\/29\/where-the-battleship-board-game-originated\/\">Battleship<\/a> and emphasizes that they were popular among Roman soldiers.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/aristotle\/\">Aristotle<\/a>, referencing the Greek precursor to <em>Ludus Latrunculi<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.di.fc.ul.pt\/~jpn\/gv\/petteia.htm\">wrote<\/a> that \u201ca citizen without a state may be compared to an isolated piece in a game of Petteia.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article-image \">\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/0-7aNuyCZiEN1Phrqzr4NpjcD10=\/fit-in\/1072x0\/filters:focal(960x549:961x550)\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/07\/7b\/077b36f2-f02e-40c6-90c8-d0d03530fc3b\/examining_tokens.jpeg\" alt=\"Examining token 2\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><figcaption class=\"caption\">\n<p>      The discovery of the tokens sheds new light on Hadrianopolis&#8217; role as a Roman military outpost.<\/p>\n<p>      <span class=\"credit\">Karab\u00fck University<\/span><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe discovery of strategy games in Hadrianopolis further solidifies the presence of a military unit here, as it is known that bone pieces were used to play ancient strategy games,\u201d Celikbas says. He views the pieces as evidence that a previously discovered Roman fortress dating to the second century C.E. may have existed at the site into the fifth century C.E., playing a crucial defensive role for centuries.<\/p>\n<p>Hadrianopolis\u2014named for the Roman emperor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Hadrian\">Hadrian<\/a>, who expanded the Anatolian settlement during his reign between 117 and 138 C.E.\u2014has proven to be a trove of ancient wonders, including baths, churches, tombs, castles, a fountain, villas, archways and monuments, according to <em>T\u00fcrkiye Today<\/em>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-captioned=\"\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/DEpNDqcCXEf\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"\/>\n<p>Earlier this year, \u00c7elikbas and his team found a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/rare-1600-year-old-pendant-discovered-in-turkey-depicts-king-solomon-defeating-the-devil-180985533\/\">pendant<\/a> from the same era as the game pieces with an image of King Solomon and the inscribed words \u201cOur Lord defeated evil\u201d in ancient Greek.<\/p>\n<p>These finds shed new light on Hadrianopolis\u2019 status as an important cultural hub and strategic military outpost. Excavations are ongoing, and \u00c7elikbas thinks that 2025 will bring \u201ceven more exciting discoveries,\u201d per <em>T\u00fcrkiye Today<\/em>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"in-article-newsletter\">\n<div class=\"leade\">\n<p>Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<section class=\"tag-list\">\n<nav class=\"nav-tags\">Filed Under:<\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/ancient-rome\/\">Ancient Rome<\/a>, <\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/archaeology\/\">Archaeology<\/a>, <\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/artifacts\/\">Artifacts<\/a>, <\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/cool-finds\/\">Cool Finds<\/a>, <\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/discoveries\/\">Discoveries<\/a>, <\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/history\/\">History<\/a>, <\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/leisure\/\">leisure<\/a>, <\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/roman-empire\/\">Roman Empire<\/a>, <\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/turkey-1\/\">Turkey<\/a>, <\/p>\n<p>                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/tag\/warfare\/\">Warfare<\/a><\/p>\n<\/nav>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The tokens are roughly the size of a half-dollar coin and feature markings etched into their surfaces. Karab\u00fck University Archaeologists digging in the ancient Roman city of Hadrianopolis, located near Eskipazar in modern-day Turkey, have unearthed two bone tokens dating to the fifth century C.E. that they suspect belong to a strategic board game enjoyed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53980,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12024],"tags":[12656,31235,5736,1234,944,1562,6688,11636,13003],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-53979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aerospace","tag-ancient","tag-archaeologists","tag-discover","tag-games","tag-play","tag-roman","tag-soldiers","tag-strategy","tag-tokens"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Archaeologists Discover Ancient Tokens That Roman Soldiers Used to Play Strategy Games - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Archaeologists Discover Ancient Tokens That Roman Soldiers Used to Play Strategy Games - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The tokens are roughly the size of a half-dollar coin and feature markings etched into their surfaces. 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Karab\u00fck University Archaeologists digging in the ancient Roman city of Hadrianopolis, located near Eskipazar in modern-day Turkey, have unearthed two bone tokens dating to the fifth century C.E. that they suspect belong to a strategic board game enjoyed [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979","og_site_name":"Som2ny Network","article_published_time":"2025-01-28T20:36:57+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/https3A2F2Ftf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com2Ffiler_public2F972F162F97165994-c3c.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b85e3c3dc0e1daea076524dc8810c371"},"headline":"Archaeologists Discover Ancient Tokens That Roman Soldiers Used to Play Strategy Games","datePublished":"2025-01-28T20:36:57+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979"},"wordCount":653,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/https3A2F2Ftf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com2Ffiler_public2F972F162F97165994-c3c.jpeg","keywords":["Ancient","Archaeologists","Discover","Games","Play","Roman","soldiers","strategy","tokens"],"articleSection":["Aerospace"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=53979","name":"Archaeologists Discover Ancient Tokens That Roman Soldiers Used to Play Strategy Games - 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