{"id":51024,"date":"2025-01-27T14:02:33","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T14:02:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/anthropology\/this-week-in-pennsylvania-archaeology-the-power-of-women\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T14:02:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T14:02:33","slug":"this-week-in-pennsylvania-archaeology-the-power-of-women","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=51024","title":{"rendered":"This Week In Pennsylvania Archaeology: The Power of Women"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"post-body-3622189074449152748\" itemprop=\"description articleBody\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">March is designated as Women\u2019s History Month; thus, it seems<br \/>\nappropriate to explore the role of women in our archaeological and cultural<br \/>\nheritage. \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">While it is important to have<br \/>\na focus on significant women in our past and present, a woman is much more than<br \/>\na historic figure to honor once a year.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">In<br \/>\nsome Native American society&#8217;s women are viewed as the giver of life and Mother<br \/>\nEarth as the giver of all things on the earth. She is a sacred figure and has<br \/>\ngarnered respect and acknowledgement of her significance.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Native American tribes such as the Lenape (Delaware) and<br \/>\nHaudenosaunee (Iroquois and Tuscarora) are matrilineal societies instead of the<br \/>\ntypical patrilineal societies from Europe. Meaning that you descended from your<br \/>\nmother\u2019s clan, not your father\u2019s. It also meant that women were involved in the<br \/>\ndecision-making process for the greater good of the tribe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjirxDLSELPzwKRG9BaQRM3zai-KvlkyTTHVcNsN2_TEU0aR0Znku6CEaepso5k9PwDvMq2fHEIjY9PFFfhZ4BsBf3U-MwSQIfffT5kV-grMpjxOGNAqerGnWLLTsrRCgA2-3aQY6lqGCdA8XxlIHY60USSiOTt95AfyGe5FHA7der02iQ2s7HfU1ygfQ\/s788\/Picture3.png\" imageanchor=\"1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"788\" data-original-width=\"662\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjirxDLSELPzwKRG9BaQRM3zai-KvlkyTTHVcNsN2_TEU0aR0Znku6CEaepso5k9PwDvMq2fHEIjY9PFFfhZ4BsBf3U-MwSQIfffT5kV-grMpjxOGNAqerGnWLLTsrRCgA2-3aQY6lqGCdA8XxlIHY60USSiOTt95AfyGe5FHA7der02iQ2s7HfU1ygfQ\/w336-h400\/Picture3.png\" width=\"336\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoCaption\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif;\"><i>Nora Thompson Dean (left) and Lucy Parks, 1977.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoCaption\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif;\"><i>Image courtesy of Jim Rementer, Delaware Tribe of Indians<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoCaption\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Nora Thompson Dean was<br \/>\na member of the Delaware Tribe of Bartlesville, Oklahoma, and an important<br \/>\nkeeper of their cultural heritage. Nora wrote about the role of Delaware women in<br \/>\na matrilineal society stating, \u201cthe children belong to the clan or group of the<br \/>\nmother, and therefore, even if one was the son or daughter of a chief, they<br \/>\nwould not be a prince or princess as was the case with European royalty. The<br \/>\nsuccessor to the chieftaincy was the chief\u2019s sister\u2019s son, or the nearest male<br \/>\nrelative to the chief within the same clan. This gave women a powerful voice in<br \/>\ntribal matters, but in spite of this \u2018voice,\u2019 it was the tradition for women to<br \/>\nnot speak out at public gatherings such as councils.\u201d (<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/delawaretribe.org\/blog\/2016\/08\/07\" style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\" target=\"_blank\">delawaretribe.org\/blog\/2016\/08\/07<\/a><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>In Haudenosaunee culture (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca,<br \/>\nTuscarora) the chief and clan mother share leadership roles. The clan mother<br \/>\nchooses and advises the chief, placing and holding him in office. The clan<br \/>\nmother also has the responsibility of removing a chief who doesn\u2019t listen to<br \/>\nthe people and make good decisions, giving due consideration to seven<br \/>\ngenerations in the future. To be chosen as a chief, the man cannot be a warrior<br \/>\n(since it is a confederacy based on peace), nor can he have ever stolen<br \/>\nanything or abused a woman. Women live free of fearing violence from men. The<br \/>\nspiritual belief in the sacredness of women and the earth \u2014 the mutual creators<br \/>\nof life \u2014 make abuse almost unthinkable.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiN7luvyv_48cAphUx6jDoqcf_On-2OUNfwOf9uPP2XPqvFHrrN2IlRYR_irI0HkstBiNl7tsydRhV_ReSRyez34NldokXa3U1jAL4uZGIrGP1StjJAGoomJ8s4vQwxY7IQSTJwn1ZS2wjL6VNw-jgw6yGG21rfs5lmK6Zi888s5SxRKXUp0MR5lUEoJQ\/s1430\/Picture2.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"941\" data-original-width=\"1430\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiN7luvyv_48cAphUx6jDoqcf_On-2OUNfwOf9uPP2XPqvFHrrN2IlRYR_irI0HkstBiNl7tsydRhV_ReSRyez34NldokXa3U1jAL4uZGIrGP1StjJAGoomJ8s4vQwxY7IQSTJwn1ZS2wjL6VNw-jgw6yGG21rfs5lmK6Zi888s5SxRKXUp0MR5lUEoJQ\/w400-h264\/Picture2.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p class=\"MsoCaption\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;\">Indigenous women planting<br \/>\ngardens, Image courtesy of Herbert Kraft<\/span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 16.0pt;\"\/><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;\">Not<br \/>\nunlike the Native Americans who lived here when Europeans began arriving in<br \/>\nNorth America, settler women were often responsible for domestic chores-<br \/>\ncooking, cleaning, gardening, and raising children. \u00a0Each group practiced their methods of planting<br \/>\nand harvesting- often embedded in their cultural practices of following<br \/>\ncelestial signs, seasonal change, and traditional stories. \u00a0Haudenosaunee gardening of corn, beans and<br \/>\nsquash are commonly identified as the three sisters- significant for their<br \/>\nability to grow together in mounds of soil. \u00a0Nora Dean describes the Delaware practice of<br \/>\ncooking as done with intent- \u201cwe think that the person\u2019s mind when they are<br \/>\ncooking has something to do with the health of the ones who eat the food. The<br \/>\ncook must be in a good frame of mind during the\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">food preparation, not angry, or ill, and have an inside prayer<br \/>\nto the Creator that what she prepares will bring strength and happiness to the<br \/>\nconsumer of the food\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">How often have we heard the expressions made with love, homemade<br \/>\nis best, lovin from the oven, or my favorite- no one makes it like my mom. Recipes<br \/>\nthat have been handed down through multiple generations don\u2019t have a byline to \u201cmake<br \/>\nwhile in a good frame of mind\u201d but the act of cooking heritage dishes by women<br \/>\nis a powerful expression of cultural traditions. The consumption of these<br \/>\ndishes connects families to the past and to memories of the ancestors who<br \/>\nshared the recipes and traditions for future generations. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">A mother\u2019s words are often the first that a child hears. The significance<br \/>\nof language to the Indigenous community in retaining their cultural heritage<br \/>\nhas been an important initiative for many women. \u00a0Nora Thompson Dean worked with Jim Rementer in<br \/>\nrecording and developing the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.talk-lenape.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Lenape<br \/>\nTalking Dictionary<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">. \u00a0Francine<br \/>\nPatterson (1952-2020), a previous clan mother of the Tuscarora learned the<br \/>\nlanguage from elders, she later recorded the language to develop a<br \/>\ncomprehensive Tuscarora dictionary. The work of these women and other members<br \/>\nof the Native American tribal community are working to preserve their language<br \/>\nand culture for future generations. Teaching children their native language is important<br \/>\nin identifying with their heritage and is a practice continued today by cultures<br \/>\naround the world.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjUxqq8mfcUd2r8x1RAFHHPrt_ZcZPkca8p9Tew3z7yR7vQxK4mxT6fEExQ0kmZwU1fMzNobmL0cP4-Uz_e7H7Z31CXa3jmTc4O9IruYeplVe11zuLyyrh2c4kzszaVkQJdivHes9EeyKziQHjVO5OgKiZzhOWBuIRxtwb3nEsbM8MUJ5kPYswnkBU36w\/s1311\/Picture4.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"983\" data-original-width=\"1311\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjUxqq8mfcUd2r8x1RAFHHPrt_ZcZPkca8p9Tew3z7yR7vQxK4mxT6fEExQ0kmZwU1fMzNobmL0cP4-Uz_e7H7Z31CXa3jmTc4O9IruYeplVe11zuLyyrh2c4kzszaVkQJdivHes9EeyKziQHjVO5OgKiZzhOWBuIRxtwb3nEsbM8MUJ5kPYswnkBU36w\/w400-h300\/Picture4.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><i>Francine Patterson, of the Tuscarora Nation sharing cultural heritage with a class of high school students. Image from the collection of The State Museum of Pennsylvania.<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Women in Indigenous cultures made pottery from clay, sand, shell,<br \/>\nand grit; all by hand while teaching their daughters the craft and skill<br \/>\nrequired to make a cooking or storage vessel. \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">They cleaned and scraped animal hides to sew garments,<br \/>\ngathered reeds and grasses to make baskets, collected fruits and nuts in<br \/>\naddition to tending gardens and they were the caretakers of the elders. The<br \/>\ndefinition of multi-tasking was unknown to them, but their tenacity gave them<br \/>\nthe ability to do all these tasks.<\/span><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgXeevje_2iogsMW6Oy-Dpjd7HgcWAVGphHtTaILf3UNfznocnqlowPkg5AVj_NdqvvP7d0YvAaJFTMrI9PJP5poir0hLPVFpoi50GPhGMFRtTesKohxQeP2qa1pd0D9J_fAaat-GoK4hcEsPCvtDzElp5XrTR7uXZmCp4Z7jvglbn1JWjBgPhxetWsUQ\/s624\/Picture5.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"380\" data-original-width=\"624\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgXeevje_2iogsMW6Oy-Dpjd7HgcWAVGphHtTaILf3UNfznocnqlowPkg5AVj_NdqvvP7d0YvAaJFTMrI9PJP5poir0hLPVFpoi50GPhGMFRtTesKohxQeP2qa1pd0D9J_fAaat-GoK4hcEsPCvtDzElp5XrTR7uXZmCp4Z7jvglbn1JWjBgPhxetWsUQ\/w400-h244\/Picture5.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p class=\"MsoCaption\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;\">Native American pottery.<br \/>\nImage from the collections of The State Museum of Pennsylvania.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 16.0pt;\"\/><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">This same tenacity has been demonstrated by women from all<br \/>\ncultures and times. Farm laborers and domestics became the factory workers of<br \/>\nthe Industrial era.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Women working in the<br \/>\nmills were controlled by company rules and long hours of work at minimal wages.<br \/>\nThese are the women who led the way for labor laws, voting rights, and access<br \/>\nto advanced education. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Sacrifices of<br \/>\nthose before us opened up opportunities to be mechanics, soldiers, fire<br \/>\nfighters and scientists. Women are clan mothers, union leaders, caregivers,<br \/>\nteachers, and librarians whose contributions to society are heralded. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Some of these women are among those<br \/>\nhighlighted in the many articles surrounding Women\u2019s History Month, but of<br \/>\nequal significance are the autonomous women, often silent, who continuously labor<br \/>\nto preserve their heritage and cultural traditions. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\">Archaeologists examine the artifacts<br \/>\nof the past- broken pottery, hide scrapers, porcelain dish fragments, canning<br \/>\njars, and sewing implements as items of material culture to aid in interpreting<br \/>\ndaily activities of the people who made or used these objects. As such, we look<br \/>\nfor patterns of distribution to examine movement across the landscape, we<br \/>\nsearch for changes in technology- shape or size of a projectile point, temper<br \/>\nor design of the pottery, dietary remains- all tools for reconstructing the<br \/>\npast. Examining these remains, the tangible evidence of past cultures, and putting<br \/>\nthem in the proper context can be challenging. Making the connection to their cultural<br \/>\nsignificance often relies on the keepers of cultural heritage. Thank you to the<br \/>\nwomen of the world who continue to practice your cultural\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;\">traditions and share your knowledge with others. \u00a0\u00a0We hope<br \/>\nyou\u2019ve enjoyed this post in celebration of women and invite you to visit our <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/twipa.blogspot.com\/search?q=women+of+archaeology\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Women of<br \/>\nArchaeology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;\"> blogs on this site as well as the on-line collections<br \/>\nof <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phmc.pa.gov\/Museums\/Online-Collection\/Pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">The Pennsylvania<br \/>\nHistorical and Museum Commission<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"><b>References<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">Kraft, Herbert C.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">1983\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>The<br \/>\nLenape, Archaeology, History, and Ethnography<\/i>. New Jersey Historical<br \/>\nSociety.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Parker, Arthur C.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">1989\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Seneca Myths<br \/>\nand Folk Tales. Introduction by William C. Fenton. Lincoln: University of<br \/>\nNebraska \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Press.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Snow, Dean R. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">1994\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Iroquois<br \/>\n(Peoples of America). Blackwell Publishers, Malden.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>3\/14\/2023<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delawaretribe.org\/blog\/2016\/08\/07\/some-of-the-ways-of-the-delaware-indian-women\/#:~:text=The%20Lenape%20are%20matrilineal%20which,the%20case%20with%20European%20royalty\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">https:\/\/delawaretribe.org\/blog\/2016\/08\/07\/some-of-the-ways-of-the-delaware-indian-women\/#:~:text=The%20Lenape%20are%20matrilineal%20which,the%20case%20with%20European%20royalty<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com\/historical-life-as-a-haudenosaunee\/family-structure\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">https:\/\/www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com\/historical-life-as-a-haudenosaunee\/family-structure\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Cambria&quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>For more information, visit <a href=\"http:\/\/www.paarchaeology.state.pa.us\"> PAarchaeology.state.pa.us <\/a> or the Hall of Anthropology and Archaeology at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.statemuseumpa.org\">The State Museum of Pennsylvania <\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>March is designated as Women\u2019s History Month; thus, it seems appropriate to explore the role of women in our archaeological and cultural heritage. \u00a0While it is important to have a focus on significant women in our past and present, a woman is much more than a historic figure to honor once a year.\u00a0 In some [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":51025,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11767],"tags":[17540,20872,1783,1619,313],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-51024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-pennsylvania","tag-power","tag-week","tag-women"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - 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