{"id":47458,"date":"2025-01-26T00:56:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-26T00:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/business\/legal\/moderators-slides-for-session-4-of-the-constitutional-law-conference-2024\/"},"modified":"2025-01-26T00:56:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T00:56:09","slug":"moderators-slides-for-session-4-of-the-constitutional-law-conference-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=47458","title":{"rendered":"Moderator&#8217;s slides for Session 4 of the Constitutional Law Conference 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Session 4 of the <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.malaysianbar.org.my\/cms\/upload_files\/document\/Circular%20No%20351-2024.pdf\">Constitutional Law Conference 2024<\/a><\/span> was on the topic, \u201cDoes the Federal Constitution only have a vertical effect, having regard to <em>Beatrice A\/P AT Fernandez v Sistem Penerbangan Malaysia &amp; Ors<\/em> [2005] 3 MLJ 681?\u201d (\u201c<strong>Beatrice Fernandez<\/strong>\u201c).<\/p>\n<p>In Beatrice Fernandez, the Federal Court held the following:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201cConstitutional law, as a branch of public law, deals with the contravention of individual rights by the Legislature or the Executive or its agencies. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Constitutional law does not extend its substantive or procedural provisions to infringements of an individual\u2019s legal right by another individual<\/strong><\/span>.\u201d (Emphasis mine)<\/p>\n<p>In effect, the legal proposition laid down by the Federal Court in Beatrice Fernandez was that the Federal Constitution only had a vertical effect (i.e. between individual &amp; State) and did not have horizontal effect (i.e. between individuals\/private parties).<\/p>\n<p>Surendra Ananth and Lim Wei Jiet, as the speakers for the session, provided valuable insights into the topic with the former even taking on the role of the devil\u2019s advocate for discussion purposes.<\/p>\n<p>The slides I prepared, as moderator of the session, can be accessed below:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/joshuawu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Does-the-FC-only-have-vertical-effect.pdf\">Does the Federal Constitution only have a vertical effect (Moderator)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>At the present moment, in light of Beatrice Fernandez<strong>,<\/strong> it appears that the Federal Constitution only has a vertical effect. However, it may be time to revisit Beatrice Fernandez as the basis for the Federal Court\u2019s decision arguably no longer holds water.<\/p>\n<p>In the following jurisdictions, their respective Constitutions have been applied horizontally (at the very least in an indirect horizontal manner):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">1. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ireland<\/span> \u2013 in cases of \u201cfailure to implement\u201d constitutional rights or \u201cplainly inadequate\u201d implementation of constitutional rights (see\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hanrahan v Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> [1988] IESC 1, [1988] ILRM 629)<\/span>;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">2. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Germany<\/span> \u2013 private law provisions indirectly reflect the legal content of fundamental rights, primarily through mandatory provisions, and judges can give effect to this content in particular by drawing on general clauses (see <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00fcth<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 1 BvR 400\/51)<\/span>; and<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">3. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">India<\/span> \u2013 on a case to case basis, considering the \u201cnature of the right violated\u201d and the \u201cextent of obligation on the part of the violator\u201d [see <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kaushal Kishor v. State of Uttar Pradesh &amp; Ors<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2023) 4 SCC 1]<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Session 4 of the Constitutional Law Conference 2024 was on the topic, \u201cDoes the Federal Constitution only have a vertical effect, having regard to Beatrice A\/P AT Fernandez v Sistem Penerbangan Malaysia &amp; Ors [2005] 3 MLJ 681?\u201d (\u201cBeatrice Fernandez\u201c). In Beatrice Fernandez, the Federal Court held the following: \u201cConstitutional law, as a branch of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[28551,7908,20997,27491,28552,20995,28553,12685,28555,14050,283,28554],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-47458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal","tag-beatrice-fernandez","tag-conference","tag-constitutional","tag-constitutional-law","tag-constitutional-law-conference","tag-federal-constitution","tag-horizontal-effect","tag-law","tag-moderators","tag-session","tag-slides","tag-vertical-effect"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Moderator&#039;s slides for Session 4 of the Constitutional Law Conference 2024 - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=47458\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Moderator&#039;s slides for Session 4 of the Constitutional Law Conference 2024 - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Session 4 of the Constitutional Law Conference 2024 was on the topic, \u201cDoes the Federal Constitution only have a vertical effect, having regard to Beatrice A\/P AT Fernandez v Sistem Penerbangan Malaysia &amp; Ors [2005] 3 MLJ 681?\u201d (\u201cBeatrice Fernandez\u201c). 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