{"id":46650,"date":"2025-01-25T11:59:07","date_gmt":"2025-01-25T11:59:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/anthropology\/hair-maintenance-in-18th-century-america\/"},"modified":"2025-01-25T11:59:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-25T11:59:07","slug":"hair-maintenance-in-18th-century-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=46650","title":{"rendered":"Hair Maintenance in 18th-century America"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"post-body-2647855870879747771\" itemprop=\"description articleBody\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">Hair and<br \/>\nhairstyles have played an important role in the cultural identification of many<br \/>\nsocieties throughout time. Some societies, such as the Amish in the United<br \/>\nStates and the Himba tribe of northern Namibia, still adhere to traditional<br \/>\nhairstyles that have meaning to them as a group. Outside of cultures that<br \/>\nassign meaning to traditional hairstyles, hair trends in general change over<br \/>\ntime. Some are instantly recognizable, such as the \u2018Victory rolls\u2019 of the early<br \/>\n1940s.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">Hair beauty was<br \/>\nan important societal norm in 18<sup>th<\/sup>-century America; the trend taking<br \/>\nits cues from the royal courts of Europe. In addition to the appearance of<br \/>\none\u2019s clothing, the social status of people could be ascertained by the<br \/>\nphysical appearance of their hair. Many tools were used to create the<br \/>\nappropriate hairstyle, including combs and brushes, wigs and hairpieces, powders,<br \/>\ncurling irons, pomades, feathers, pins, jewels, and other objects.<\/p>\n<p>The<br \/>\ncomb is one of the oldest hair maintenance tools in the archaeological record. Hair<br \/>\ncombs have been used for thousands of years and have been recovered from<br \/>\nancient Egyptian and Scythian tombs and Chinese palaces. In Pennsylvania, combs<br \/>\nare recovered from Pre-contact American Indian sites and historic sites alike.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 264.6pt;\">American<br \/>\nIndian hair combs were generally carved from elk or deer antler. \u00a0Carved effigy figures depicted on the combs<br \/>\ninclude birds, humans, and animals, possibly related to their clan or oral traditions<br \/>\nassociated with the figure. This bird effigy comb was from Lancaster County<br \/>\ndates to the early Pre-Contact period; unfortunately, only a portion of the<br \/>\ncomb was recovered. The State Museum of Pennsylvania\u2019s Archaeology Gallery exhibits<br \/>\ninclude a variety of decorative hair combs.<\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgL5KhmG4nEItPuxPK5CiCBKtwPA9x4YNXC8cwkdx_6UrGL3eP4UjTB93qO9p7jLbf6USOe4ww3yBobBSWq_LyX76vXgcMlZnjn7l1DLEFObyxrOmLfHuXup90ICsL-n7YLkYPz4h8LJ7fGs-aaY_YDJwG3LZhjQCzgA16nIdJcPij72u5bSWeW0BTBYQ\/s712\/Picture2.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"712\" data-original-width=\"475\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgL5KhmG4nEItPuxPK5CiCBKtwPA9x4YNXC8cwkdx_6UrGL3eP4UjTB93qO9p7jLbf6USOe4ww3yBobBSWq_LyX76vXgcMlZnjn7l1DLEFObyxrOmLfHuXup90ICsL-n7YLkYPz4h8LJ7fGs-aaY_YDJwG3LZhjQCzgA16nIdJcPij72u5bSWeW0BTBYQ\/w266-h400\/Picture2.png\" width=\"266\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\"><i>Bird effigy hair<br \/>\ncomb, Lancaster County <\/i>(From the collections of the PHMC, The State Museum<br \/>\nof Pennsylvania)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 264.6pt;\">During the 18<sup>th<\/sup><br \/>\ncentury, combs served different purposes. Some combs were used for general hair<br \/>\nmaintenance, some for cleaning the hair and removing pests, and some for<br \/>\ndecorative reasons. Everyday utilitarian combs would typically have been made<br \/>\nfrom wood or bone, but decorative combs could be made from almost any material,<br \/>\nincluding tortoiseshell, ivory, gold or other metals, or animal horn or tusks.<\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhDhGnlJ9T-IFfWH-nQkPtn_NXwAoEYOyg7An3zo2Zgfjvp76nucpYwXHAP0jXHFJvq34qsCKM6y7S8kHzbnkCeAbJMHHihZvnwcKgg6OKZrZHn8BRMvAYyzJvd_9B1NEu2JsuPKc0B3ImQBFDHi8msKfhoswHK63P8Y3bHmxq3EZRpqHMyWejHe7RRPQ\/s1031\/Picture3.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"690\" data-original-width=\"1031\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhDhGnlJ9T-IFfWH-nQkPtn_NXwAoEYOyg7An3zo2Zgfjvp76nucpYwXHAP0jXHFJvq34qsCKM6y7S8kHzbnkCeAbJMHHihZvnwcKgg6OKZrZHn8BRMvAYyzJvd_9B1NEu2JsuPKc0B3ImQBFDHi8msKfhoswHK63P8Y3bHmxq3EZRpqHMyWejHe7RRPQ\/s320\/Picture3.png\" width=\"320\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\"><i>Bone lice<br \/>\ncomb recovered from Ephrata Cloister <\/i>(From the collections of the PHMC, The<br \/>\nState Museum of Pennsylvania)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhSsXTHEzu9lYDQ2j_mgOCFTJX9nrzz05QNJnNfv_W9Xs8tkUbVd5-JvradaGJGKl7gy7G73Ph2DaU4aB9EhUDmUQn7EQj7W7skWKLQoHa3U0QE1KRMjpy8RlzK8HwitivXptPA5Q9cr5MNlcPTQC3rXKYgl2ox3jic2VRjT51zLrDuUkx6PLwBsWzdEQ\/s1031\/Picture4.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"690\" data-original-width=\"1031\" height=\"268\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhSsXTHEzu9lYDQ2j_mgOCFTJX9nrzz05QNJnNfv_W9Xs8tkUbVd5-JvradaGJGKl7gy7G73Ph2DaU4aB9EhUDmUQn7EQj7W7skWKLQoHa3U0QE1KRMjpy8RlzK8HwitivXptPA5Q9cr5MNlcPTQC3rXKYgl2ox3jic2VRjT51zLrDuUkx6PLwBsWzdEQ\/w400-h268\/Picture4.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\"><i>Brass wire<br \/>\ndecorative hair comb (missing its tines) from the French Azilum (36BR0134) site<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i>(From the<br \/>\ncollections of the PHMC, The State Museum of Pennsylvania)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi287S4eOEGK8EubdVPEhD4_rKMlMGfjKXfpgW0IDC8Y8UVhoXiHrmq14VKQAL4nBR-CYqsGE3wIz6Zq44ru0rr6GCF9DjNUr6Ll8IpapPoudt9bnDqA6mmUyMMYlBEk1eaTeiV1e8UzAbCt41Efvb_M89iPnRb3mBVrqcQUiO7sQ0S2QiNsYwD1IkU_w\/s336\/Picture5.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"252\" data-original-width=\"336\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi287S4eOEGK8EubdVPEhD4_rKMlMGfjKXfpgW0IDC8Y8UVhoXiHrmq14VKQAL4nBR-CYqsGE3wIz6Zq44ru0rr6GCF9DjNUr6Ll8IpapPoudt9bnDqA6mmUyMMYlBEk1eaTeiV1e8UzAbCt41Efvb_M89iPnRb3mBVrqcQUiO7sQ0S2QiNsYwD1IkU_w\/w400-h300\/Picture5.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\"><i>Decorative hair<br \/>\ncombs in the collection of the author: tortoiseshell (top left), unknown<br \/>\nmaterial, possibly horn (top right), and cow horn (bottom)\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Hairbrushes may<br \/>\nhave evolved or developed from hair combs or paint brushes but were likely<br \/>\nfirst used by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Wall paintings in Egyptian tombs portray<br \/>\nimages of people with well-groomed hair and wigs. The first modern hairbrush<br \/>\ncompany was founded by William Kent in 1777 in Britain and continues to produce<br \/>\nhand-stitched brushes today.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">The hairbrushes<br \/>\nbelow were recovered from excavations in downtown Philadelphia. The large,<br \/>\nwooden brush, possibly made from chestnut wood, is very plain. Although it may<br \/>\nhave been painted or decorated at one time, the decoration is long gone. The<br \/>\nsecond brush is very finely made, carved from ivory with a delicate scalloped shell<br \/>\ndesign on the end. It\u2019s small size and fine craftmanship indicate this brush<br \/>\nmay have been a present for a child. All bristles, which would have been stiff hairs<br \/>\nfrom an animal such as a boar, are missing from both brushes.\u00a0<\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgjDsg7mKQ6Xt21IzcWY2kqpZHF_SF-8Jt3Wbv6HELZijF4BC6Qt93sTqsLYt-9IHPcmdOooNPQKWJ1Htv0ABU7jdTnplmLD1Vd-HAjt9FWiA74hUDTPrboDodc46ur4IWl1hlZ2lipXu0RBuVgwGJeMJbAg6rV5rBlTx_jb8VNAjh3qYaGuT5HDkQxPA\/s1023\/Picture6.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"682\" data-original-width=\"1023\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgjDsg7mKQ6Xt21IzcWY2kqpZHF_SF-8Jt3Wbv6HELZijF4BC6Qt93sTqsLYt-9IHPcmdOooNPQKWJ1Htv0ABU7jdTnplmLD1Vd-HAjt9FWiA74hUDTPrboDodc46ur4IWl1hlZ2lipXu0RBuVgwGJeMJbAg6rV5rBlTx_jb8VNAjh3qYaGuT5HDkQxPA\/w400-h266\/Picture6.png\" width=\"400\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\"><i>Wooden (top)<br \/>\nand ivory (bottom) hairbrushes from excavations in Philadelphia<\/i> (From the<br \/>\ncollections of the PHMC, The State Museum of Pennsylvania)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">During this period,<br \/>\nhair was not washed as often as today. People used powders, made from corn and<br \/>\nwheat flour, to degrease their hair or massaged oils into the scalp to freshen<br \/>\nit. Other \u2018shampoos\u2019 used before this time included clays, plant products,<br \/>\nanimal fats, eggs, ashes, alcohol, vinegar, soap, and many other different<br \/>\nnatural mixtures. The first modern shampoos only came onto the market in the<br \/>\nearly 20th century.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">Powdered wigs<br \/>\nbecame fashionable in the mid-17<sup>th<\/sup> century in the royal court of<br \/>\nFrance and the trend later spread to the rest of Europe and America. Wigs or<br \/>\nthe natural hair were powdered with the above-mentioned powders.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">In Colonial<br \/>\nAmerica, wigs were generally worn by wealthy men. Wig-making was time consuming<br \/>\nand expensive, so only elite members of society would have worn wigs &#8211; think<br \/>\nThomas Jefferson and many of the founding fathers. Additionally, maintenance<br \/>\nwas required to keep the wig clean, styled, curled, and powdered, so one would<br \/>\neither need to visit a professional hairdresser periodically or would need to<br \/>\nhave servants capable of completing this task.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">Visit the<br \/>\nColonial Williamsburg website <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colonialwilliamsburg.org\/locations\/wigmaker\/\" target=\"_blank\">Historic Trade:Wigmaker (colonialwilliamsburg.org)<\/a> to view the steps to the making of a<br \/>\nwig and for other information on wigs and wig-making in the 18<sup>th<\/sup><br \/>\ncentury.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">Another<br \/>\nimportant hair accessory in the 18<sup>th<\/sup> century was the wig curler. Wig<br \/>\ncurlers, sometimes called roulettes or bilboquet, were dumbbell-shaped clay<br \/>\nobjects used to set curls in the hair of a wig. Depending upon the size and<br \/>\ntightness of the curl needed, wig curlers came in multiple sizes. These wig<br \/>\ncurlers, recovered archaeologically from a site in Philadelphia, will produce<br \/>\nlarge and small sized curls.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">There are many<br \/>\nother interesting facets to hair care in the 18<sup>th<\/sup> century and<br \/>\nthroughout history. Hair styles, maintenance and styling products, and societal<br \/>\nnorms for both men and women have gone through as many changes as clothing<br \/>\nstyles. The websites listed below are only a few of the many highlighting<br \/>\naspects of hair style and trends throughout history.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">We hope you<br \/>\nhave enjoyed this blog and will continue to visit us as we highlight the<br \/>\ncollections of The State Museum of Pennsylvania, Section of Archaeology. We<br \/>\ninvite you to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phmc.pa.gov\/Museums\/Online-Collection\/Pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">view additional pieces<\/a> from our collections. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\"><b>Citations<br \/>\nand Additional Reading:<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mountvernon.org\/blog\/2018\/10\/boiling-baking-and-curling-18th-century-wigs\" target=\"_blank\">Boiling,<br \/>\nBaking, and Curling 18th-Century Wigs\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0George Washington&#8217;s Mount<br \/>\nVernon<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colonialwilliamsburg.org\/locations\/wigmaker\/\" target=\"_blank\">Historic Trade:Wigmaker (colonialwilliamsburg.org)<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.beckleyboutique.com\/the-history-of-plastic-hairbrushes\/\" target=\"_blank\">TheHistory Of Plastic Hairbrushes | Beckley Boutique<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/d\/did\/\" target=\"_blank\">The Encyclopedia of Diderot &amp;<br \/>\nd&#8217;Alembert Collaborative Translation Project (umich.edu)<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\"><span class=\"MsoHyperlink\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/demodecouture.com\/hairstyles-cosmetics-18th-century\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/demodecouture.com\/hairstyles-cosmetics-18th-century\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thehistoryofthehairsworld.com\/hair_18th_century.html\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/thehistoryofthehairsworld.com\/hair_18th_century.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>For more information, visit <a href=\"http:\/\/www.paarchaeology.state.pa.us\"> PAarchaeology.state.pa.us <\/a> or the Hall of Anthropology and Archaeology at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.statemuseumpa.org\">The State Museum of Pennsylvania <\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hair and hairstyles have played an important role in the cultural identification of many societies throughout time. Some societies, such as the Amish in the United States and the Himba tribe of northern Namibia, still adhere to traditional hairstyles that have meaning to them as a group. Outside of cultures that assign meaning to traditional [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11767],"tags":[28184,2708,1460,1649],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-46650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-18thcentury","tag-america","tag-hair","tag-maintenance"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hair Maintenance in 18th-century America - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=46650\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hair Maintenance in 18th-century America - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hair and hairstyles have played an important role in the cultural identification of many societies throughout time. Some societies, such as the Amish in the United States and the Himba tribe of northern Namibia, still adhere to traditional hairstyles that have meaning to them as a group. 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