{"id":350184,"date":"2025-12-18T21:58:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T21:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/business\/investing\/solar-irradiance-calculator-ghi-dni-dhi-and-gti-calculator\/"},"modified":"2025-12-18T21:58:36","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T21:58:36","slug":"solar-irradiance-calculator-ghi-dni-dhi-and-gti-calculator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=350184","title":{"rendered":"Solar Irradiance Calculator &#8211; GHI, DNI, DHI, and GTI Calculator"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div xmlns:default=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"span-14-299\">\n<p>Calculate solar irradiance (GHI, DNI, DHI, and GTI) for any location and date with accuracy. Our <em>solar irradiance calculator<\/em> provides estimated W\/m\u00b2 readings, hourly charts, monthly averages, and solar panel optimization tools for solar energy planning.<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"calcFrame\" src=\"https:\/\/dqydj.com\/scripts\/fullhtml\/dates\/solar_irradiance_calculator.html\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-the-solar-irradiance-calculator\"><span id=\"Using_the_solar_irradiance_calculator\">Using the solar irradiance calculator<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Enter a city name, latitude and longitude, or click the <strong>GPS button<\/strong> to use your current position. Select a date and hit <strong>Calculate<\/strong> to see:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Instant irradiance values<\/strong>: GHI, DNI, DHI, and Air Mass at solar noon<\/li>\n<li><strong>Panel performance metrics<\/strong>: GTI calculations with optimal panel tilt suggestions (but next, try our <a href=\"https:\/\/dqydj.com\/solar-panel-angle-calculator\/\">Solar Panel Angle Calculator<\/a>!)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interactive daily curve<\/strong>: Hour-by-hour solar irradiance with hover details<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"224\" alt=\"Solar irradiance calculator inputs and irradiance information\" class=\"wp-image-21948 lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-calculator-inputs-info.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-calculator-inputs-info.png 724w, https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-calculator-inputs-info-300x93.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-eio-rwidth=\"724\" data-eio-rheight=\"224\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-calculator-inputs-info.png\" alt=\"Solar irradiance calculator inputs and irradiance information\" class=\"wp-image-21948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-calculator-inputs-info.png 724w, https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-calculator-inputs-info-300x93.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" data-eio=\"l\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-basic-features\"><span id=\"Basic_features\">Basic features<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Location search<\/strong>: Find cities worldwide or enter latitude and longitude coordinates directly. GPS location works too<\/li>\n<li><strong>Daily\/Monthly toggle<\/strong>: Switch between detailed hourly analysis and monthly averages with seasonal breakdowns<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clear vs typical conditions<\/strong>: Toggle between theoretical clear-sky and real-world weather (our simplified model uses ~75% of clear-sky values)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Live interactive charts<\/strong>: Hover over the daily curve to see time-specific solar irradiance values<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"478\" alt=\"Basic solar irradiance chart for Boston, MA in August\" class=\"wp-image-21947 lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-basic-charts-hover.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-basic-charts-hover.png 724w, https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-basic-charts-hover-300x198.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-eio-rwidth=\"724\" data-eio-rheight=\"478\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-basic-charts-hover.png\" alt=\"Basic solar irradiance chart for Boston, MA in August\" class=\"wp-image-21947\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-basic-charts-hover.png 724w, https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-basic-charts-hover-300x198.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" data-eio=\"l\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Solar irradiance hourly chart for Boston, MA in August<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advanced-panel-settings\"><span id=\"Advanced_panel_settings\">Advanced panel settings<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Click <strong>Show Advanced<\/strong> to customize for your specific solar installation:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Site elevation<\/strong>: Toggle between meters\/feet (auto-detects US users). Higher elevations get around 12.5% more solar irradiance per 1000m<\/li>\n<li><strong>Panel tilt angle<\/strong>: Auto-suggests optimal tilt (roughly your latitude) with live GTI updates. For seasonal optimization, use our <a href=\"https:\/\/dqydj.com\/solar-panel-angle-calculator\/\">Solar Panel Angle Calculator<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Azimuth direction<\/strong>: Panel orientation (180\u00b0 = true south for Northern Hemisphere)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ground albedo<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/topics\/land-surface\/albedo\">Light reflection from surfaces<\/a> (grass ~0.20, snow ~0.80, concrete ~0.30)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Shading losses<\/strong>: Lets you manually account for trees, buildings, or other obstructions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"312\" alt=\"Advanced panel and atmospheric settings for the solar irradiance tool\" class=\"wp-image-21946 lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/advanced-solar-irradiance-inputs.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/advanced-solar-irradiance-inputs.png 724w, https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/advanced-solar-irradiance-inputs-300x129.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-eio-rwidth=\"724\" data-eio-rheight=\"312\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/advanced-solar-irradiance-inputs.png\" alt=\"Advanced panel and atmospheric settings for the solar irradiance tool\" class=\"wp-image-21946\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/advanced-solar-irradiance-inputs.png 724w, https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/advanced-solar-irradiance-inputs-300x129.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" data-eio=\"l\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-monthly-averages-and-export-options\"><span id=\"Monthly_averages_and_export_options\">Monthly averages and export options<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Switch to <strong>Monthly<\/strong> view for the big picture. See monthly averages, annual totals, seasonal breakdowns, and even how many average US homes your solar potential could power (per m\u00b2 equivalent, based on 30 kWh\/day consumption).<\/p>\n<p>Export options include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CSV Data<\/strong>: Hourly irradiance values with location metadata<\/li>\n<li><strong>JSON Export<\/strong>: Complete dataset with calculation parameters<\/li>\n<li><strong>SVG Graphics<\/strong>: Daily curves for your viewing pleasure<\/li>\n<li><strong>Monthly CSV<\/strong>: Annual summary with seasonal comparisons<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Metadata included in exports<\/em>: location, model (clear-sky vs typical), timezone display, elevation, panel tilt and azimuth, ground albedo, and shading fraction.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"721\" height=\"826\" alt=\"Solar irradiance monthly charts\" class=\"wp-image-21949 lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-monthly-charts-dqydj.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-monthly-charts-dqydj.png 721w, https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-monthly-charts-dqydj-262x300.png 262w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-eio-rwidth=\"721\" data-eio-rheight=\"826\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"721\" height=\"826\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-monthly-charts-dqydj.png\" alt=\"Solar irradiance monthly charts\" class=\"wp-image-21949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-monthly-charts-dqydj.png 721w, https:\/\/cdn.dqydj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/solar-irradiance-monthly-charts-dqydj-262x300.png 262w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\" data-eio=\"l\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-understanding-solar-irradiance-measurements\"><span id=\"Understanding_solar_irradiance_measurements\">Understanding solar irradiance measurements<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Solar irradiance is measured in several ways, each telling <em>part<\/em> of the story:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>GHI (Global Horizontal Irradiance)<\/strong> is the total solar power hitting a flat horizontal surface. Think of this as the raw solar resource at your location \u2013 what a panel lying &#8216;flat&#8217; on the ground would receive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DNI (Direct Normal Irradiance)<\/strong> measures the <em>direct beam from the sun<\/em> \u2013 the energy that creates sharp shadows. This is what concentrating solar systems track, and what matters for solar thermal applications.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DHI (Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance)<\/strong> captures the scattered sunlight from the sky. On clear days, roughly 10\u201325% of solar energy arrives as diffuse light. (On cloudy days, it can be nearly 100% diffuse.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>GTI (Global Tilted Irradiance)<\/strong> is what actually hits your tilted solar panels. This combines direct beam, sky diffuse, and ground-reflected light hitting your specific panel orientation. <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">This is the number that matters for actual solar production.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Daily Energy (kWh\/m\u00b2\/day)<\/strong> integrates the hourly power over 24 hours. Solar installers use this for system sizing \u2013 multiply by your panel area and efficiency to estimate daily production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-air-mass-and-atmospheric-effects\"><span id=\"Air_mass_and_atmospheric_effects\">Air mass and atmospheric effects<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Air Mass<\/strong> measures how much atmosphere sunlight travels through to reach you. <em>AM 1.0<\/em> means the sun is directly overhead (only possible in the tropics at certain times of year). <em>AM 2.0<\/em> means twice the atmospheric path, which filters and weakens the solar beam.<\/p>\n<p>The tool displays Air Mass values to help understand why solar irradiance varies throughout the day. High Air Mass numbers (low sun angles) mean more atmospheric filtering and lower irradiance values.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-practical-applications-and-real-world-use\"><span id=\"Practical_applications_and_real-world_use\">Practical applications and real-world use<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-solar-panel-planning\"><span id=\"Solar_panel_planning\">Solar panel planning<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Use GTI daily energy totals for system sizing. The fundamental solar production formula is:<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-katex-display-block katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"true\">\n<pre>\\text{Daily Energy (kWh)} = GTI \\times \\text{Panel Area (m\u00b2)} \\times \\text{Efficiency}<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Example: A 5kW solar array with 20% efficiency covering 25m\u00b2 in Phoenix (6.5 kWh\/m\u00b2\/day GTI):<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-katex-display-block katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"true\">\n<pre>6.5 \\times 25 \\times 0.20 = 32.5 \\text{ kWh\/day}<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>The &#8220;Powers X homes&#8221; calculation provides real-world context for energy density (using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/tools\/faqs\/faq.php?id=97&amp;t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30 kWh\/day average US household consumption<\/a>, though actual usage ranges from 15-60+ kWh\/day). Remember this is per square meter \u2013 multiply by your actual panel area for total system potential. In our tables we label this as <em>per m\u00b2 equivalent homes<\/em> for clarity.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><small><strong>Reality check:<\/strong> Real-world solar production typically achieves 75-85% of theoretical calculations due to inverter losses, wiring resistance from gauge, distance, and installation imperfections, soiling, and module degradation. Also note our &#8220;typical weather&#8221; mode applies a uniform 75% reduction to clear-sky values as a simplified climatological adjustment.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>All that to say: your energy may vary.<\/small><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-methodology-and-sources\"><span id=\"Methodology_and_sources\">Methodology and sources<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Our calculator implements industry-standard solar radiation models. Here&#8217;s a summary plus where your can find the math and derivations.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-clear-sky-irradiance-models\"><span id=\"Clear-sky_irradiance_models\">Clear-sky irradiance models<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>GHI calculation<\/strong>: Haurwitz clear-sky model (1945) from <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/view\/journals\/atsc\/2\/3\/1520-0469_1945_002_0154_iirtca_2_0_co_2.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haurwitz&#8217;s classic paper<\/a> &#8220;Insolation in relation to cloudiness and cloud density&#8221;:<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-katex-display-block katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"true\">\n<pre>GHI = 1098 \\times \\cos(\\theta_z) \\times e^{-0.059 \/ \\cos(\\theta_z)}<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Where \u03b8_z is the solar zenith angle.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DNI calculation<\/strong>: Simplified atmospheric transmittance model with elevation correction:<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-katex-display-block katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"true\">\n<pre>DNI = ETRN \\times e^{-0.14 \\times AM} \\times \\left(1 + \\frac{elevation}{8000m}\\right)<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Where ETRN is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/grid\/solar-resource\/solar-glossary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extraterrestrial normal irradiance<\/a> and AM is air mass.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DHI estimation<\/strong>: Derived as closure from GHI and DNI, ensuring energy conservation across irradiance components:<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-katex-display-block katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"true\">\n<pre>DHI = \\max(0, GHI - DNI \\times \\cos(\\theta_z))<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Air mass calculation<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/ao\/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-28-22-4735\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kasten-Young formula<\/a> (Applied Optics, 1989) with refraction correction:<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-katex-display-block katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"true\">\n<pre>AM = \\frac{1}{\\cos(\\theta_z) + 0.50572 \\times (96.07995 - \\theta_z)^{-1.6364}}<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Where \u03b8_z is the zenith angle in degrees.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tilted-surface-gti-calculations\"><span id=\"Tilted_surface_GTI_calculations\">Tilted surface (GTI) calculations<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The tool implements the <a href=\"https:\/\/pvpmc.sandia.gov\/modeling-guide\/1-weather-design-inputs\/plane-of-array-poa-irradiance\/calculating-poa-irradiance\/poa-sky-diffuse\/hay-and-davies-sky-diffuse-model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hay-Davies anisotropic diffuse sky model<\/a> (1980) combining three irradiance components:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Direct beam<\/strong>: DNI \u00d7 cos(incidence angle)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anisotropic diffuse<\/strong>: DHI \u00d7 [(1-Ai) \u00d7 (1+cos(tilt))\/2 + Ai \u00d7 Rb], where Ai is the anisotropy index (DNI\/ETRN) and Rb is the beam tilt ratio<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ground reflected<\/strong>: albedo \u00d7 GHI \u00d7 (1 &#8211; cos(tilt))\/2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The anisotropic model accounts for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/circumsolar-radiation\">circumsolar brightening<\/a> (the bright area around the sun), providing more accurate results than any simple isotropic diffuse models. Methods based on <a href=\"https:\/\/pvpmc.sandia.gov\/modeling-guide\/1-weather-design-inputs\/plane-of-array-poa-irradiance\/calculating-poa-irradiance\/poa-sky-diffuse\/hay-and-davies-sky-diffuse-model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hay &amp; Davies (1980)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3JFUz95\">Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes by Duffie &amp; Beckman<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-technical-limitations\"><span id=\"Technical_limitations\">Technical limitations<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There&#8217;s a lot in this tool, but I didn&#8217;t account for everything. The implementation prioritized speed and usability with some accuracy trade-offs. Here are the bullet points:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Monthly calculations<\/strong> &#8211; use the 15th of each month as representative with 30-minute sampling<\/li>\n<li><strong>Timezone handling<\/strong> &#8211; the tool uses your device&#8217;s timezone, not location-specific solar time<\/li>\n<li><strong>Simplified atmospheric model<\/strong> &#8211; lacks seasonal, humidity, and aerosol variations found in research-grade tools. I don&#8217;t even know if you can call it a &#8220;model&#8221;, really, it&#8217;s a 25% static reduction, haha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So, a brief disclaimer: these calculations provide <strong>theoretical estimates for planning purposes<\/strong>. Consider this tool a starting point for your research, hopefully simpler than other tools you can find. Actual solar irradiance varies with:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Local weather patterns and cloud cover<\/li>\n<li>Atmospheric pollution and aerosols<\/li>\n<li>Seasonal humidity and precipitable water<\/li>\n<li>Local topography and horizon obstructions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For site prospecting and educational use, these approximations provide excellent speed-accuracy balance. For final engineering designs, consider validation with tools like <a href=\"https:\/\/pvwatts.nrel.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NREL PVWatts<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/re.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/pvg_tools\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PVGIS<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-data-sources-and-libraries\"><span id=\"Data_sources_and_libraries\">Data sources and libraries<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sun positioning<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/mourner\/suncalc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SunCalc.js library<\/a> for precise astronomical calculations<\/li>\n<li><strong>Location database<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lutangar\/cities.json\">Cities.json<\/a> with worldwide locations including coordinates and time zones<\/li>\n<li><strong>Air mass calculation<\/strong>: Kasten-Young formula with atmospheric refraction correction<\/li>\n<li><strong>ISS parameters<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-facts-and-figures\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">~400km orbital altitude<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electrical_system_of_the_International_Space_Station\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">~59% sunlight exposure<\/a> accounting for Earth&#8217;s shadow.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Solar constant<\/strong>: 1361 W\/m\u00b2 from <a href=\"https:\/\/sunclimate.gsfc.nasa.gov\/article\/solar-irradiance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA SORCE mission measurements<\/a>. I use Isc\u22481367 W\/m\u00b2 for extraterrestrial normal irradiance in clear-sky calculations (per Duffie &amp; Beckman), while the space assumption uses 1361 W\/m\u00b2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Complete your solar energy analysis with these other DQYDJ calculators:<\/p>\n<p>Go forth and harvest photons efficiently! \u2600\ufe0f<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calculate solar irradiance (GHI, DNI, DHI, and GTI) for any location and date with accuracy. Our solar irradiance calculator provides estimated W\/m\u00b2 readings, hourly charts, monthly averages, and solar panel optimization tools for solar energy planning. Using the solar irradiance calculator Enter a city name, latitude and longitude, or click the GPS button to use [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":350185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[10470,171766,171765,171764,78577,171763,3152],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-350184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investing","tag-calculator","tag-dhi","tag-dni","tag-ghi","tag-gti","tag-irradiance","tag-solar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Solar Irradiance Calculator - GHI, DNI, DHI, and GTI Calculator - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=350184\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Solar Irradiance Calculator - GHI, DNI, DHI, and GTI Calculator - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Calculate solar irradiance (GHI, DNI, DHI, and GTI) for any location and date with accuracy. 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