{"id":349934,"date":"2025-12-18T18:40:42","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T18:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/american-history\/a-summer-pages-experience-past-is-present\/"},"modified":"2025-12-18T18:40:42","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T18:40:42","slug":"a-summer-pages-experience-past-is-present","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=349934","title":{"rendered":"A Summer Page\u2019s Experience \u2013 Past is Present"},"content":{"rendered":"


\n<\/p>\n

\n

Recently, I had the privilege of making a display that is now exhibited in the American Antiquarian Society reading room, as you enter through the main glass doors of Antiquarian Hall. My exhibit focuses on manumissions in 1800s America. Originally, I planned to highlight the freedom suit as a legal means of resistance to slavery. I had a hard time finding enough primary-source materials for display, and I mostly found secondary sources covering the topic in the AAS catalog. So, I decided to broaden my search to look at the different ways that enslaved people could free themselves. Enslaved people had three main ways of obtaining their freedom: escape, manumission, and freedom suits. Since I was having a hard time finding material related to the latter, I decided to look for manumissions and related documents instead. I found that in AAS\u2019s \u201cSlavery in the United States Collection<\/a>,\u201d<\/span> AAS has a few manumissions that have quite intriguing stories. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
(Amanda Holmes manumission from the Slavery in the United States Collection.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

One <\/span>m<\/span>anumission<\/span> involves<\/span> a wom<\/span>a<\/span>n named Amanda Holmes, who was enslaved by William G. Elliot, Jr. in St. Louis<\/span>,<\/span> Missouri. The document states that she was manumitted for \u201cgood and sufficient reasons<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>This document, dated 7 July 1845, gave Holmes her freedom one year before Dred Scott first filed his freedom suit in 1846 in the state of <\/span>Missouri.<\/span> Scott\u2019s case would not be decided until 1857, in the notorious Supreme Court decision in <\/span><\/span>Dred Scott v. Sandford<\/span><\/span><\/em>.<\/span> A<\/span>lso<\/span> of<\/span> note about <\/span>Holmes<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>s<\/span>tory<\/span> is that five years after she <\/span>gained <\/span>freedom, she <\/span>purchased<\/span> her <\/span>husband\u2019s<\/span> freedom for <\/span>thirty<\/span> dollars. The bill of sale for his purchase is dated 29 January 1850<\/span> \u2014<\/span> for the sale of \u201cone negro named William Holmes\u201d<\/span> \u2014<\/span> and <\/span>transfers<\/span> ownership from Colonel Adam D. Stewart and wife Mary to Amanda Holmes, now a free woman of color.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
(William Holmes bill of sale from the Slavery in the United States Collection.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Another manumission of note in this collection was signed by Nicholas Davies (c. 1708-1794) and witnessed by seven others. The document liberates twenty of his slaves and their children. It was recorded on 23 June 1794, at the Bedford County Court House in Virginia. Nicholas was a successful land dealer in what is sometimes referred to as \u201cmiddle Virginia.\u201d [1] Through his deeds he ended up freeing approximately fifty-one more of the people whom he had enslaved throughout his life. [2]<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
(Manumission signed by Nicholas Davies from the Slavery in the United States collection.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I also chose to include in the display William Griffith\u2019s The Scrivener\u2019s Guide <\/span><\/i><\/a>(1818), which provided general advice for all sorts of legal matters. One section covers the legal requirements and filing procedures for manumissions and even includes an example of what such a document might look like. Two items in the exhibit are broadsides issued by the city of New York in the early 1800s: a blank form for recording a manumission<\/a>, and a blank form of registration<\/a> of proof of a person\u2019s free status. Lastly, I have included two pamphlets from manumission societies in North Carolina<\/a> and New York<\/a>. Manumission societies worked to find legal avenues for enslaved people to become free and worked to convince the wider public of the evils of slavery. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
(New York manumission form. Catalog Record<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

While <\/span>some <\/span>enslaved people were able to obtain their freedom through manumission by their enslavers<\/span>,<\/span> as Andrew Fede argues in his book <\/span><\/span>Roadblocks to Freedom: Slavery and Manumission in the United States South<\/em> [3]<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> \u201c<\/span>a<\/span>n individual master\u2019s decision to free one or several slaves is not necessar<\/span>il<\/span>y evidence that the master harbored <\/span>\u2018<\/span>an unspoken (or perhaps unconscious) anti-slavery sentiment.<\/span>\u2019<\/span> Although some masters freed<\/span> all their slaves during their lifetime<\/span>s<\/span>, or after their death<\/span>s<\/span>, as an expression of the<\/span>ir<\/span> opposition to slavery, the act<\/span>s<\/span> of others who freed <\/span>\u2018<\/span>a tiny minority<\/span> of<\/span> especially <\/span>favored<\/span> slaves might just <\/span>as<\/span> accurately be taken as the ultimate bestowal <\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u201d <\/span>(<\/span>Fede, 2<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I had a great time finding materials in the collection for this exhibit. I considered many other fascinating primary-source <\/span>documents to <\/span>documents to<\/span> better frame the time period \u2014 particularly for the context surrounding the Amanda Holmes manumission, just one year prior to and in the same state as the Dred Scott case. This context could have added a greater level of understanding of the legal climate<\/span>,<\/span> but I ultimately chose not to include these documents in order to better maintain cohesiveness in this relatively small exhibit. However, if you are interested in learning more, I recommend consulting some of the excellent secondary sources on the subject; a number are available right here at AAS. (Apologies in advance if any are still checked out to me!) Lastly, if you do come into Antiquarian Hall, for any reason, please be sure to check out my exhibit in person. I hope you\u2019ll like it!<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] \u201cToday in the 1770s: February 18.<\/a>\u201d Colonial Williamsburg.<\/p>\n

[2] \u201cNicholas Davies.<\/a>\u201d Virginia Manumission Records Database<\/i>, Liberty University,<\/p>\n

[3] Fede, Andrew. Roadblocks to Freedom: Slavery and Manumission in the United States South<\/i><\/a>. Quid Pro Quo Books, 2011, p. 2.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/a>Borodine Chery<\/strong> is a rising senior at Clark University, returning to the role of AAS summer page for a second summer. She is majoring in history and political science with a minor in philosophy. She has interned at the Salisbury Mansion as a docent and has served as a collections intern for the Ecotarium. Her honor\u2019s thesis in the fall will be about freedom suits and legal resistance to slavery.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Recently, I had the privilege of making a display that is now exhibited in the American Antiquarian Society reading room, as you enter through the main glass doors of Antiquarian Hall. My exhibit focuses on manumissions in 1800s America. Originally, I planned to highlight the freedom suit as a legal means of resistance to slavery. 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