{"id":290868,"date":"2025-06-13T13:10:33","date_gmt":"2025-06-13T13:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/agriculture\/loophole-gives-tyson-producers-unfettered-access-to-water-resources\/"},"modified":"2025-06-13T13:10:33","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T13:10:33","slug":"loophole-gives-tyson-producers-unfettered-access-to-water-resources","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=290868","title":{"rendered":"Loophole gives Tyson producers unfettered access to water resources"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>While Tyson says its growers obtain water from \u2018lawfully acquired sources,\u2019 the state\u2019s permitting system allows poultry operations to pump water without permits.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<hr\/>\n<p>As Jill Trapp steered her pickup truck down the red dirt roads of southeast Oklahoma, she raised a hand to greet a passing neighbor \u2014 a calf roper who once made it to the National Finals Rodeo.<\/p>\n<p>She drove on, passing a modest cowboy church where Sunday sermons share space with country music and the smell of brisket.<\/p>\n<p>Then, rising among the cedar and elm trees, came a familiar and unwelcome sight: a row of long, gray, windowless chicken houses, each longer than two football fields.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI try not to dwell on it. I pretend they\u2019re not here,\u201d Trapp said.<\/p>\n<p>But soon her truck jolted as it rolled through a pothole \u2014 one of many left behind by the constant flow of semitrucks hauling hundreds of thousands of chickens through the area.<\/p>\n<p>In this corner of the state, the poultry industry is hard to ignore.<\/p>\n<p>Within a roughly 25-mile radius of the southeast Oklahoma town of Idabel, there are 59 industrial poultry farms \u2014 more than half built in the last 15 years, typically larger than older operations. Together, they raise nearly 7.4 million birds at maximum capacity. All but six grow chickens for Tyson Foods, the largest meat company in the country; the other six farms supply Pilgrim\u2019s Pride, a Colorado-based, multinational food company.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/videopress.com\/embed\/cF2dEyZo\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe> \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Beyond the usual concerns these farms raise \u2014 pollution and odors from the massive amounts of waste they generate, problems that have sparked lawsuits in Oklahoma and other states \u2014 residents in McCurtain County have another worry: the aquifer.<\/p>\n<p>The region\u2019s rapid growth \u2014 driven by poultry farms, marijuana farming, and a tourism boom in Hochatown \u2014 is putting mounting pressure on local water supplies. And locals are starting to wonder just how much strain the aquifer water can take.<\/p>\n<p>Industry-friendly laws and nominal penalties have allowed companies like Tyson to operate with little accountability. Minimal oversight from state agencies often means residents have little information about whether the industrial poultry farms are polluting or depleting the region\u2019s groundwater.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m concerned that we\u2019re going to overuse our waters and not have sustainability for the future,\u201d said Charlette Hearne, a prominent water rights advocate based in Broken Bow.<\/p>\n<h3>Dust, flies, and trucks thundering through the night<\/h3>\n<p>When Trapp and her husband built their home about 20 years ago, they were drawn to the area\u2019s remoteness and lush landscape \u2014 the perfect place, they thought, to start a family and raise cattle and backyard chickens.<\/p>\n<p>But five years after settling in, a man knocked on their door.<\/p>\n<p>He told them he had purchased the property next door and planned to build six large chicken houses. He also asked them not to raise any chickens, warning they could infect his flock and jeopardize his business.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis initial disappointment didn\u2019t compare to what happened in the last 15 years,\u201d Trapp said last month at a community meeting in Idabel, attended by more than 150 people, including officials from the Oklahoma Water Resources Board.<\/p>\n<p>She went on to describe the overpowering smells that fill her backyard whenever one of the farm\u2019s chicken houses is cleaned out, the swarms of flies and layers of dust that settle on the walls of her house, and the noise from trucks hauling birds throughout the night.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEach contract grower is required to comply with federal, state, and local laws, including the Oklahoma law to have a farm-specific Nutrient Management Plan (NMP),\u201d a Tyson Foods spokesperson said in a statement. \u201cThe terms of each NMP include requirements for storage and disposition of poultry litter, as required under the Oklahoma Registered Poultry Feeding Operations Act. The NMPs are developed with measures designed to prevent discharge.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mcir.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/instant\/media\/index.html?appid=105962fcb1e5422cba4fc2fe890e07a8\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption style=\"font-size: 0.9em; color: #555; margin-top: 4px;\">Map by Lauren Cross, Investigate Midwest<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The May 1 meeting primarily focused on a proposed 12-building chicken farm, which, if built, would become the second-largest poultry operation in the area.<\/p>\n<p>The farm\u2019s owners requested a permit from the Oklahoma Water Resources Board to use approximately 86 million gallons of water per year, equivalent to the average water usage of 785 four-person households.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike most other chicken farms in Oklahoma, the cluster of farms in McCurtain County sits atop a regulated aquifer, the Antlers. These farms use water from the aquifer for bird consumption, sanitation, and cooling the chicken houses.<\/p>\n<p>The current limit for permitted water withdrawals from the Antlers aquifer is 2.1 acre-feet per acre, or more than 680,000 gallons of water for each acre of land \u2014 the highest allocation of any groundwater basin in the state. State officials set that limit in 1995 by dividing the aquifer\u2019s estimated total volume by the acreage above it.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_135488\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-135488\" style=\"width: 2500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135488 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-1024x525.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-768x394.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-1536x787.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-2048x1049.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-105x54.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-75x38.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-1620x830.jpg 1620w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-65x33.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-135488 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-1024x525.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-768x394.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-1536x787.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-2048x1049.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-105x54.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-75x38.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-1620x830.jpg 1620w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-3-65x33.jpg 65w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-135488\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A meeting in Idabel, Oklahoma, organized by Brad Phillips, drew an estimated 150 people to protest a PFO seeking a groundwater permit. (Image by Juan Vassallo, Investigate Midwest)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cOur law is designed to deplete the aquifer. It is designed to mine the water for economic purposes,\u201d said Sara Gibson, general counsel for the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, during the meeting.<\/p>\n<p>For Hearne, this admission makes one thing clear: Oklahoma\u2019s water laws need to be updated to reflect the state\u2019s growth and protect its natural resources.<\/p>\n<p>She points to the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer \u2014 adjacent to the Antlers \u2014 as a success story.<\/p>\n<p>In the 1980s, local advocates pushed for federal recognition of the aquifer as the region\u2019s only viable drinking water source \u2014 a designation that later helped residents push for a comprehensive hydrological study and block a plan to export water.<\/p>\n<p>That study led to a significant change: the aquifer\u2019s withdrawal limit dropped from 2.0 acre-feet to just 0.2 \u2014 the lowest in the state.<\/p>\n<p>To Hearne, it\u2019s a straightforward lesson of how science should guide water policy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou\u2019ve got to know your monthly, daily, seasonal variations before you can issue permits properly,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>But perhaps the biggest shock for those at the meeting came with the revelation that most poultry operations typically don\u2019t apply for water permits at all.<\/p>\n<h3>The \u2018domestic use\u2019 loophole lets farms pump water without permits \u2014 and without limits<\/h3>\n<p>Lobbying by the poultry industry in the 1990s led to a loophole where a permit isn\u2019t required if a property owner claims the water is for \u201cdomestic use\u201d rather than a business.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf the farm is doing business as Bob and Mary Jo Smith, they don\u2019t need a permit. If they\u2019re doing business as Smith Poultry LLC, they do,\u201d Gibson explained.<\/p>\n<p>While the 63 industrial poultry farms in McCurtain County are owned by individual farmers, they raise chickens under contract with corporations like Tyson Foods and Pilgrim\u2019s Pride, which tightly control their operations. Only four currently have water permits, with a fifth pending for the planned 12-house chicken facility.<\/p>\n<p>Not only does \u201cdomestic use\u201d allow a farm to operate without a water permit, but the operation can pull more than twice the amount of water from the aquifer compared to what is allowed under an agricultural use permit.<\/p>\n<p>In practice, the situation is even murkier. Many farms registered as LLCs \u2014 which should have permits \u2014 also lack them, a gap that Gibson says she is working with Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (ODAFF) to address. The few farms that have applied for permits have likely done so to exceed the limits allowed under domestic use.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_135490\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-135490\" style=\"width: 2500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135490 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1905\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-1024x780.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-768x585.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-1536x1170.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-2048x1561.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-105x80.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-66x50.jpg 66w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-1089x830.jpg 1089w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-65x50.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-135490 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1905\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-1024x780.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-768x585.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-1536x1170.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-2048x1561.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-105x80.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-66x50.jpg 66w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-1089x830.jpg 1089w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-9-65x50.jpg 65w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-135490\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jill Trapp, who lives next to a poultry farming operation in McCurtain County, is pictured here near the town of Garvin. (Image by Juan Vassallo, Investigate Midwest)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Meanwhile, water usage is essentially unlimited: the OWRB relies on an honor system for water reporting \u2014 the four poultry farms in McCurtain County with water permits reported zero use in 2024 \u2014, and the agency has never revoked a permit or penalized anyone for exceeding their allowed water usage.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe water used on farms is required to be obtained from lawfully acquired sources,\u201d a Tyson Foods spokesperson said.<\/p>\n<p>Last year, Gov. Kevin Stitt vetoed a bill that would have required metering devices on all groundwater wells across the state \u2014 a move praised by the agriculture industry and the Oklahoma Farm Bureau.<\/p>\n<p>The Republican governor rejected the bill despite concerns over intensifying droughts and the agriculture industry\u2019s heavy water use, particularly in northwest Oklahoma. The region recently experienced its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oklahomafarmreport.com\/okfr\/2025\/03\/25\/drought-intensifies-in-oklahoma-as-rainfall-deficit-deepens\/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20last%20time%20Medford%20received,departure%20maps%20tell%20the%20story.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-driest period in over a century<\/a>. And its main water source, the Ogallala Aquifer, has been <a href=\"https:\/\/investigatemidwest.org\/2024\/06\/06\/parched-in-the-panhandle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">significantly depleted by Seaboard Foods<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Even if there were stricter rules and required metering, there may not be enough money for enforcement or aquifer studies, according to Gibson.<\/p>\n<p>The OWRB\u2019s annual budget \u2014 excluding supplemental funds for water and wastewater infrastructure and other programs \u2014 has ranged from $5 million to over $8 million in recent years. The agency said it has fewer than 20 staff members to review an average of 250 permit applications and amendments each year, investigate issues and conduct fieldwork.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe used to have field offices around the state. We don\u2019t have those anymore,\u201d Gibson said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_135486\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-135486\" style=\"width: 2500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135486 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1875\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-105x79.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-67x50.jpg 67w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-1107x830.jpg 1107w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-135486 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1875\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-105x79.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-67x50.jpg 67w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-1107x830.jpg 1107w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma_PFO-035-800x600.jpg 800w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-135486\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poultry farm operation near Garvin, Oklahoma, (Image by Juan Vassallo, Investigate Midwest)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>E. coli in the well \u2014 who\u2019s accountable?<\/h3>\n<p>Many attendees at the meeting expressed concerns not only about water quantity but also water quality.<\/p>\n<p>OWRB does not evaluate water quality before issuing a permit \u2014 it does not test for drinking water contaminants or assess the potential impact of runoff. And if an aquifer is suspected of being contaminated by a poultry farm, oversight falls to ODAFF.<\/p>\n<p>Following the May 1 meeting in Idabel, Trapp decided to test her well water. The results came back positive for E. coli.<\/p>\n<p>The lab notified her that the presence of the bacteria posed a \u201cprimary health concern,\u201d though it could not determine the source of the contamination.<\/p>\n<p>Asked whether proximity to a poultry farm could be the cause, Teena Gunter, general counsel at ODAFF, responded:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c[E. coli] is not common in well water near poultry farms,\u201d she said. \u201cPoultry farms are considered no-discharge facilities. So for anything to run off from that process would be a major violation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But Jayme Cannon, an environmental scientist with the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, says well owners living near poultry farms should be concerned about bacteria like E. coli.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf E. coli is consistently present in the well, yes, that is a cause for concern.\u201d Cannon said. \u201cE. coli is an acute health risk and if it is present in water, the water should not be used for drinking or consumption.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Last year, an Oklahoma conservation group found <a href=\"https:\/\/investigatemidwest.org\/2024\/06\/10\/oklahoma-governor-signs-bill-shielding-poultry-companies-from-lawsuits-over-chicken-litter-pollution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">elevated levels of E. coli<\/a> and enterococcus in parts of eastern Oklahoma with a high concentration of poultry farms \u2014 an indication of animal feces contamination.<\/p>\n<p>Trapp plans to retest her water to rule out contamination caused by recent storms. But even if the bacteria returns, proving it came from the Tyson farm next door would be difficult \u2014 and past violations by poultry farms have rarely led to serious penalties.<\/p>\n<p>In 2023, ODAFF fined 14 poultry farms between $100 and $300 each for failing to submit or submitting late their litter management reports. The highest fine, $600, was issued to a farm that failed to renew its license or file any reports for three years. It was the only enforcement action taken by the agency.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAgencies are limited in what they can do because of the authorities they\u2019ve been granted by the legislature,\u201d said Shanon Phillips, director of the water quality division at the Oklahoma Conservation Commission.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_135487\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-135487\" style=\"width: 2500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135487 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-1024x570.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-1536x855.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-2048x1140.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-100x56.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-164x92.jpg 164w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-105x58.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-75x42.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-1492x830.jpg 1492w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-201x113.jpg 201w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-65x36.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-135487 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-1024x570.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-1536x855.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-2048x1140.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-100x56.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-164x92.jpg 164w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-105x58.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-75x42.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-1492x830.jpg 1492w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-201x113.jpg 201w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-1-25_Oklahoma-PFO-2-65x36.jpg 65w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-135487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A meeting in Idabel, Oklahoma, as residents met with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board with concerns about protecting the local aquifer from poultry farms. (Image by Juan Vassallo, Investigate Midwes)t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A bill passed last year increased the fines ODAFF can impose to $1,000 and gave the agency more authority to act when poultry farms break the rules.<\/p>\n<p>But the same bill also granted poultry companies legal protection, shielding them from lawsuits as long as they comply with regulations.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s troubling, critics say, because even when farms follow the rules, <a href=\"https:\/\/investigatemidwest.org\/2024\/06\/10\/oklahoma-governor-signs-bill-shielding-poultry-companies-from-lawsuits-over-chicken-litter-pollution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pollution continues to be a problem<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In 2005, then-Attorney General Drew Edmondson sued a group of poultry companies over elevated phosphorus levels in the Illinois River watershed caused by chicken litter used as fertilizer. Rainfall and irrigation washed phosphorus from the litter into nearby streams and rivers, fueling algae blooms and degrading water quality.<\/p>\n<p>After 18 years of litigation, a U.S. District Judge ruled in favor of Oklahoma, holding poultry companies \u2014 including Tyson Foods \u2014 responsible for polluting the watershed.<\/p>\n<p>The companies pushed back, citing improvements since 2005. But at a hearing last year, six scientific experts testified that chicken litter pollution remains a serious problem. They presented data showing rising phosphorus levels, with some arguing that a ban on the use of chicken litter as fertilizer <a href=\"https:\/\/investigatemidwest.org\/2024\/12\/26\/oklahoma-ag-expert-witnesses-push-chicken-waste-ban-amid-federal-lawsuit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">may be the only solution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>The same system that broke previous farmers now recruits new ones<\/h3>\n<p>During this year\u2019s state legislative session, Sen. George Burns, R-Pollard, introduced two bills aimed at stopping the growth of the poultry industry in his district after hearing from his constituents.<\/p>\n<p>One bill proposed a moratorium on all new poultry farm applications, while the other would have required poultry farm owners to provide proof of residency.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese people are from Vietnam. They are getting 1 percent loans. They come in here and put these mega operations all over southeast Oklahoma \u2014 and they are illegal,\u201d Burns said during a February Agriculture Committee hearing. He later referred to the farms as \u201cfilthy operations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But the senator did not present any evidence that the poultry farms were operating illegally or that their owners were undocumented residents. Both bills ultimately failed in committee.<\/p>\n<p>The bills, even if passed, would not have addressed the water concerns voiced by residents of McCurtain County.<\/p>\n<p>Brad Phillips, who has lived on his land in McCurtain County since he was 10 years old, challenged the groundwater permit for the planned mega chicken farm next to his property. He and one of the applicants, Duc Minh Tran, appeared at a hearing at the Oklahoma Water Resources Board offices in Oklahoma City.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re always about three weeks from a drought\u2026 it seems like in these more recent times my stock ponds go drier quicker,\u201d Phillips said during his testimony.<\/p>\n<p>Tran, who speaks limited English, gave brief responses during questioning. But after the hearing, his attorney, Bryan Nowlin, said Tran is an American citizen, is following the law, and wants to pursue the American dream by building a successful business.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_135491\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-135491\" style=\"width: 2560px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135491 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-1024x468.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-768x351.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-1536x703.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-2048x937.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-105x48.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-75x34.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-1814x830.jpg 1814w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-65x30.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-135491 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-1024x468.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-768x351.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-1536x703.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-2048x937.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-105x48.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-75x34.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-1814x830.jpg 1814w, https:\/\/www.agdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-8-25_Oklahoma-PFO-1-65x30.jpg 65w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-135491\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hearing by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board for the contested PFO groundwater permit application at the OWRB building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. (Image by Juan Vassallo, Investigate Midwest)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Across the country, a growing share of poultry farmers are Asian immigrants, particularly Vietnamese and Laotian. Sen. Burns\u2019 remarks reflect the suspicions of some McCurtain County residents, many of whom have either filed for bankruptcy as poultry farmers or know others who have. They question why a new wave of growers is willing to take on millions in debt to build farms for the same companies that drove others into financial ruin.<\/p>\n<p>These tensions have been exacerbated by reports of undocumented workers and labor exploitation at marijuana farms, many operated by Asian immigrants.<\/p>\n<p>Investigate Midwest could not independently verify whether immigrant farmers receive low-interest loans, special bonuses or subsidies. But many appear to operate under the same contract system that has long exploited chicken farmers.<\/p>\n<p>Amanda Hitt, a lawyer who has spent more than a decade representing whistleblowers in the food system, urged the USDA to collect updated demographic data on poultry contract growers after working with clients who speak little or no English and have been subjected to exploitative, and often misleading contracts.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey\u2019re asked to just sign documents and they just go ahead. They don\u2019t know what they\u2019re signing. They don\u2019t know why they\u2019re signing. They just sign it,\u201d Hitt said. \u201cThey\u2019re very willing to take orders and directives and do more than their white counterparts.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Jack Brown, who lives near the town of Valiant, has been a poultry farmer for Tyson since 1995. Last year, the company told him that his chicken houses were too old and they were ending his contract.<\/p>\n<p>He said the early years were profitable. But then the company started penalizing him, withholding chickens for six months at a time for two consecutive years, without explanation. They kept demanding upgrades, which he made \u2014 spending $200,000 \u2014 until he could no longer afford to keep up.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen I built my [chicken] house it cost $250,000,\u201d Brown said. \u201cNow it costs nearly $1 million. So I couldn\u2019t keep up with the technology and production.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>With his main source of income gone, Brown, a retired electrician, has returned to work refurbishing turbines.<\/p>\n<p>Brown knows some of the newer Asian poultry farmers in the area and maintains friendly relationships with them \u2014 as does Jill Trapp, despite her frustrations with the Tyson farm next door.<\/p>\n<p>Trapp, whose neighboring poultry farm is owned by a Vietnamese man, describes a warm relationship with her neighbor. They exchange Christmas gifts, and she chats with his son when he visits, since he speaks fluent English. Her issue isn\u2019t with the farmers themselves \u2014 it\u2019s with the companies behind them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCorporations just have this individual to make it look like they\u2019re a little chicken farmer, but they\u2019re not,\u201d Trapp said. \u201cBig corporations, the big chicken houses and marijuana farms come in and they all dig wells. \u2026 Now, that\u2019s not a very untypical thing in agriculture. But they\u2019re not individuals anymore.\u201d<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p><em>Investigate Midwest is an independent, nonprofit newsroom. Our mission is to serve the public interest by exposing dangerous and costly practices of influential agricultural corporations and institutions through in-depth and data-driven investigative journalism. Visit us online at <a href=\"https:\/\/investigatemidwest.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.investigatemidwest.org<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>                                                <!-- intentIQ code added by Forbes - updated to new code - 16jan2024 --><\/p>\n<div style=\"display: block; margin: 20px auto; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 34px; position: relative; width: 100%;\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSponsored Content on <strong>AG<\/strong>Daily\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/1030735\/agdaily.com\/Native_below_the_article --><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(d, s, id) {\n  var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];\n  if (d.getElementById(id)) return;\n  js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;\n  js.src = \"\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.8&appId=320025038337187\";\n  fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);\n}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While Tyson says its growers obtain water from \u2018lawfully acquired sources,\u2019 the state\u2019s permitting system allows poultry operations to pump water without permits. As Jill Trapp steered her pickup truck down the red dirt roads of southeast Oklahoma, she raised a hand to greet a passing neighbor \u2014 a calf roper who once made it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":290869,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12026],"tags":[1846,33113,16094,5298,40997,83077,638],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-290868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","tag-access","tag-loophole","tag-producers","tag-resources","tag-tyson","tag-unfettered","tag-water"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Loophole gives Tyson producers unfettered access to water resources - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=290868\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Loophole gives Tyson producers unfettered access to water resources - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"While Tyson says its growers obtain water from \u2018lawfully acquired sources,\u2019 the state\u2019s permitting system allows poultry operations to pump water without permits. 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