{"id":263876,"date":"2025-05-30T09:48:43","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T09:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/aerospace\/a-164-foot-tsunami-pushed-this-enormous-boulder-atop-a-cliff-in-tonga-7000-years-ago\/"},"modified":"2025-05-30T09:48:43","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T09:48:43","slug":"a-164-foot-tsunami-pushed-this-enormous-boulder-atop-a-cliff-in-tonga-7000-years-ago","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=263876","title":{"rendered":"A 164-Foot Tsunami Pushed This Enormous Boulder Atop a Cliff in Tonga 7,000 Years Ago"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-article-body=\"\">\n<header class=\"article-header\">\n<h2 class=\"tagline article-tagline\" itemprop=\"description\">The hulking rock, called Maka Lahi, is the size of a two-story house and sits on a 120-foot-tall cliff, covered in vegetation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"article-line\">\n<section class=\"author-box by-line single-author\">\n<div class=\"author-headshot smart-news\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/63ZeNGUDBRlalBFUeve-3SBvAec=\/fit-in\/160x80\/filters:no_upscale()\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/accounts\/headshot\/SarahKuta.png\" alt=\"Sarah Kuta\" class=\"headshot\"\/>\n        <\/div>\n<div class=\"author-text\">\n<p class=\"author\" itemprop=\"author\">\n<p>          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/author\/sarah-kuta\/\">Sarah Kuta<\/a><\/p>\n<p>            &#8211; <span class=\"author-short-bio\">Daily Correspondent<\/span><\/p>\n<p>      <time class=\"pub-date\" itemprop=\"datePublished\" data-pubdate=\"May 29, 2025, 2:42 p.m.\">May 29, 2025 2:42 p.m.<\/time><\/p><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<figure class=\"article-image lead-article-image\">\n<picture class=\"responsive-image\"><source media=\"(max-width: 600px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/CdgvLMeSx5bTNtl64x8vvLfJkQs=\/600x400\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/e9\/e0\/e9e061f7-fec7-4113-91df-d702fa15c657\/boulder.webp\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"><source media=\"(max-width: 768px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/LXU5qZPc4BMur7De3J53J6FdO-s=\/768x512\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/e9\/e0\/e9e061f7-fec7-4113-91df-d702fa15c657\/boulder.webp\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\"><source media=\"(max-width: 1000px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/LXU5qZPc4BMur7De3J53J6FdO-s=\/768x512\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/e9\/e0\/e9e061f7-fec7-4113-91df-d702fa15c657\/boulder.webp, https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/ispxTi9BLl-l42FSHoafuDzVnbM=\/1024x683\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/e9\/e0\/e9e061f7-fec7-4113-91df-d702fa15c657\/boulder.webp 2x\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/ispxTi9BLl-l42FSHoafuDzVnbM=\/1024x683\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/e9\/e0\/e9e061f7-fec7-4113-91df-d702fa15c657\/boulder.webp\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" alt=\"Man standing in front of large boulder\" itemprop=\"image\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><br \/>\n            <\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><figcaption class=\"caption\">\n<p>                Geoscientist\u00a0Martin K\u00f6hler stands in front of\u00a0Maka Lahi, which measures 46 feet by 39 feet by 22 feet\u2014about the same size as a two-story house.<br \/>\n              <span class=\"credit\">Martin K\u00f6hler \/ The University of Queensland<\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>At the top of a 120-foot-high cliff in Tonga sits a humongous rock\u2014and at more than 650 feet inland, it\u2019s staggeringly out of place. Now, scientists have modeled how this massive boulder could have ended up in such a strange location: a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/this-deposit-of-weird-cretaceous-amber-could-reveal-hints-to-long-forgotten-tsunamis-in-japan-180986642\/\">powerful tsunami<\/a> roughly 7,000 years ago. They describe the scenario in a new paper published in the journal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0025322725000921?via%3Dihub\"><em>Marine Geology<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is not just a boulder; it\u2019s the biggest wave-lifted boulder ever found on a cliff and the third largest boulder in the world, so it really needed gigantic forces to move it that far across such a high place,\u201d says lead author <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.uq.edu.au\/profile\/28064\/martin-k%C3%B6hler\">Martin K\u00f6hler<\/a>, a geoscientist at the University of Queensland in Australia, to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2481392-giant-boulder-on-clifftop-in-tonga-was-carried-by-a-50-metre-high-wave\/\"><em>New Scientist<\/em><\/a>\u2019s James Woodford.<\/p>\n<p>The hulking boulder is well-known to the people of Tonga, who call it Maka Lahi, or \u201cbig rock.\u201d In Tongan mythology, coastal boulders like Maka Lahi were deposited by the demigod Maui as he chased chickens between two islands. They are known as \u201cMaui throwing stones.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But scientists only learned of Maka Lahi in 2024, while they were conducting field work on the southern side of Tongatapu, Tonga\u2019s largest and most populated island. They were looking for evidence of past tsunamis by examining coastal boulders that didn\u2019t seem to fit with their surroundings. Late in the afternoon on the last day of their trip, the scientists mentioned their project to some farmers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey said, \u2018Why aren\u2019t you looking at the much larger boulder farther inland?\u2019\u201d K\u00f6hler tells <a href=\"https:\/\/au.news.yahoo.com\/farmers-lead-aussie-research-team-to-unreal-discovery-on-island-061109168.html\"><em>Yahoo News<\/em><\/a>\u2019 Michael Dahlstrom.<\/p>\n<p>When the farmers took the researchers to Maka Lahi, the team knew right away it was \u201ca major discovery,\u201d K\u00f6hler tells <em>New<\/em><em> Scientist<\/em>. Before them, they saw an enormous limestone rock measuring 46 feet by 39 feet by 22 feet\u2014about the same size as a two-story house. The scientists estimated its weight to be more than 1,300 tons.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBoulders this size are rare,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.cardiff.ac.uk\/staff\/ramalhor\">Ricardo Ramalho<\/a>, a geologist at Cardiff University in Wales who was not involved with the research, to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/05\/15\/science\/boulder-tsunami-tonga.html\"><em>New York Times<\/em><\/a>\u2019 Katherine Kornei.<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/1086637306?badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" title=\"Tsunami and Maka Lahi boulder simulation\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Maka Lahi was perched 128 feet above sea level and sitting some 656 feet inland from the edge of the coastal cliff. The boulder was covered in vegetation, which was probably why researchers hadn\u2019t previously spotted it on satellite imagery.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI was so surprised,\u201d K\u00f6hler says in a university <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uq.edu.au\/news\/article\/2025\/05\/boulder-washed-inland-sign-of-pacific-tsunami-history\">statement<\/a>. \u201cIt is located far inland outside of our field work area. \u2026 It was quite unbelievable to see this big piece of rock sitting there.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But how did such a hefty rock end up so far inland? The researchers knew a tsunami was probably responsible, but they wanted to know the size of the wave that was capable of moving such an immense object.<\/p>\n<p>Based on modeling, the researchers concluded the tsunami wave was approximately 164 feet tall\u2014roughly the same height as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/travel\/when-niagara-falls-ran-dry-180972198\/\">Niagara Falls<\/a>\u2014and lasted about 90 seconds. Using this information, they revisited the coast and pinpointed the place where the boulder likely originated: a spot on a cliff some 98 feet above sea level.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists were able to figure out when the boulder had been deposited by dating the layers of secondary limestone that had formed on its sides during rainstorms. Those layers could only have formed once the rock was in its current location, K\u00f6hler tells <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iflscience.com\/worlds-largest-cliff-top-boulder-was-rolled-from-30-meter-high-cliff-by-ancient-tsunami-79314\"><em>IFLScience<\/em><\/a>\u2019s Stephen Luntz.<\/p>\n<p>This analysis revealed Maka Lahi had been washed inland at least 6,891 years ago\u2014nearly 4,000 years before humans first arrived on Tonga.<\/p>\n<p>That timeline makes sense, given that a large tsunami <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0169555X10000607\">hit New Zealand\u2019s North Island<\/a> between 6,940 and 7,240 years ago. Tonga is more than 1,000 miles away from North Island, but they\u2019re both located along the Tonga-Kermadec Trench, an underwater point where two tectonic plates meet. More specifically, in this part of the South Pacific Ocean, the edge of the Pacific Plate is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geonet.org.nz\/news\/5yvFP7ozfvktPhlOzL6vkB\">being forced under<\/a> the edge of the Australian Plate through a process known as subduction. This can incite large underwater volcanic eruptions, which in turn can cause earthquakes that result in tsunamis.<\/p>\n<p>The scientists suspect the same earthquake that caused the tsunami in New Zealand may have\u00a0also triggered a landslide that produced a separate tsunami on Tongatapu.<\/p>\n<p>Tsunamis caused by landslides tend to be larger than those caused by earthquakes. Since the wave that moved Maka Lahi was very large, scientists think a landslide-triggered tsunami is the best explanation. To prove that hypothesis, however, they\u2019ll need to find evidence of a landslide.<\/p>\n<p>That might be tough to do, because the landslide most likely occurred underwater, K\u00f6hler tells <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmosmagazine.com\/news\/massive-tongan-rock-hurled-by-tsunami\/\"><em>Cosmos<\/em> magazine<\/a>\u2019s Richard Musgrove. But it may have occurred on Tongatapu or some other nearby island, he adds.<\/p>\n<p>Deadly and destructive tsunamis are common in Tonga because of its position near the Tonga-Kermadec Trench. But scientists hope that by learning more about historic tsunamis, they might help coastal communities better prepare for future disasters.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTonga\u2019s most recent tsunami in 2022 killed six people and caused a lot of damage,\u201d says study co-author <a href=\"https:\/\/about.uq.edu.au\/experts\/15360\">Annie Lau<\/a>, a coastal geomorphologist at the University of Queensland, in the statement. \u201cUnderstanding past extreme events is critical for hazard preparation and risk assessment now and in the future.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"in-article-newsletter\">\n<div class=\"leade\">\n<h3>Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.<\/h3>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<section class=\"tag-list\">\n<nav class=\"nav-tags\">\n<\/nav>\n<\/section><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The hulking rock, called Maka Lahi, is the size of a two-story house and sits on a 120-foot-tall cliff, covered in vegetation Sarah Kuta &#8211; Daily Correspondent May 29, 2025 2:42 p.m. Geoscientist\u00a0Martin K\u00f6hler stands in front of\u00a0Maka Lahi, which measures 46 feet by 39 feet by 22 feet\u2014about the same size as a two-story [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":263877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12024],"tags":[94591,40398,14862,66719,35226,19063,78582,39256,1003],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-263876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aerospace","tag-164foot","tag-atop","tag-boulder","tag-cliff","tag-enormous","tag-pushed","tag-tonga","tag-tsunami","tag-years"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - 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