{"id":254106,"date":"2025-05-23T18:07:11","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T18:07:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/aerospace\/our-teeth-may-descend-from-sensitive-bumps-on-prehistoric-fish-armor-new-research-finds\/"},"modified":"2025-05-23T18:07:11","modified_gmt":"2025-05-23T18:07:11","slug":"our-teeth-may-descend-from-sensitive-bumps-on-prehistoric-fish-armor-new-research-finds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=254106","title":{"rendered":"Our Teeth May Descend From Sensitive Bumps on Prehistoric Fish Armor, New Research Finds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-article-body=\"\">\n<header class=\"article-header\">\n<h2 class=\"tagline article-tagline\" itemprop=\"description\">Hundreds of millions of years ago, fish had sensory features on their exoskeletons that contained dentine, the material that makes our teeth sensitive today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"article-line\">\n<section class=\"author-box by-line single-author\">\n<div class=\"author-headshot smart-news\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/yN6sI9h7cGTuKI2A4WbUlblxnDg=\/fit-in\/160x80\/filters:no_upscale()\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/accounts\/headshot\/Margherita_Bassi.png\" alt=\"Margherita Bassi\" class=\"headshot\"\/>\n        <\/div>\n<div class=\"author-text\">\n<p class=\"author\" itemprop=\"author\">\n<p>          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/author\/margherita-bassi\/\">Margherita Bassi<\/a><\/p>\n<p>            &#8211; <span class=\"author-short-bio\">Daily Correspondent<\/span><\/p>\n<p>      <time class=\"pub-date\" itemprop=\"datePublished\" data-pubdate=\"May 23, 2025, 1:59 p.m.\">May 23, 2025 1:59 p.m.<\/time><\/p><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<figure class=\"article-image lead-article-image\">\n<picture class=\"responsive-image\"><source media=\"(max-width: 600px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/px0-4SvPC9uI9G9Kd8s6wTuKX1w=\/600x400\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/b4\/52\/b452078c-a795-4cd5-8e15-9004f300e3f5\/early_vertebrate_with_sensory_exoskeleton.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"><source media=\"(max-width: 768px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/b4DiowLNoOCF7No4hT_jsF9tGEs=\/768x512\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/b4\/52\/b452078c-a795-4cd5-8e15-9004f300e3f5\/early_vertebrate_with_sensory_exoskeleton.png\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\"><source media=\"(max-width: 1000px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/b4DiowLNoOCF7No4hT_jsF9tGEs=\/768x512\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/b4\/52\/b452078c-a795-4cd5-8e15-9004f300e3f5\/early_vertebrate_with_sensory_exoskeleton.png, https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/oCbZz3tPjvu89CDBVpcU2pXDmpE=\/1026x684\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/b4\/52\/b452078c-a795-4cd5-8e15-9004f300e3f5\/early_vertebrate_with_sensory_exoskeleton.png 2x\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/oCbZz3tPjvu89CDBVpcU2pXDmpE=\/1026x684\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/b4\/52\/b452078c-a795-4cd5-8e15-9004f300e3f5\/early_vertebrate_with_sensory_exoskeleton.png\" width=\"1026\" height=\"684\" alt=\"Artistic rendering of the sensory exoskeletons of an early vertebrate being attacked by a sea-scorpion.\" itemprop=\"image\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><br \/>\n            <\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><figcaption class=\"caption\">\n<p>                An artistic rendering of an early vertebrate being attacked by a sea-scorpion in dark waters<br \/>\n              <span class=\"credit\">Brian Engh<\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Paleontologists have long suspected that our teeth evolved from bumpy structures called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/odontode\">odontodes<\/a> on the exoskeletons of prehistoric fish\u2014but they didn\u2019t understand exactly what these bumps were used for.<\/p>\n<p>New research, however,<strong> <\/strong>bolsters evidence that the odontodes of 465-million-year-old fish had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/health\/What-is-Dentin-Dentine.aspx\">dentine<\/a>: the same material that makes up the layer between your teeth\u2019s hard outer enamel and the soft dental pulp inside. Dentine is responsible for transporting sensory information, so their work suggests these precursors to teeth once helped long-extinct fish sense their surroundings.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCovered in these sensitive tissues, maybe when it bumped against something it could sense that pressure, or maybe it could sense when the water got too cold and it needed to swim elsewhere,\u201d \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.de\/citations?user=xwtksjYAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">Yara Haridy<\/a>, a vertebrate paleontologist at the University of Chicago, tells <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/05\/21\/science\/ancient-fish-dentine-teeth\">CNN<\/a>\u2019s Ashley Strickland.<\/p>\n<p>Haridy and her colleagues\u2019 study, published Wednesday in the journal <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-025-08944-w\"><em>Nature<\/em><\/a><\/em>, originally had a completely different aim: identifying the earliest known vertebrate. As such, Haridy began CT-scanning fossils from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Cambrian-Period\">Cambrian<\/a> period (485 million to 539 million years ago) in the hope of identifying vertebrate features, such as the presence of dentine within odontodes.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"video\">\n<div class=\"embedly-plugin\" data-type=\"video\">\n<div class=\"video-image\">\n<p>Toothache from eating something cold? Blame these ancient fish<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/C_wrrfnvEps\/maxresdefault.jpg\" data-video-id=\"C_wrrfnvEps\"\/><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>  <iframe width=\"854\" src=\"\" frameborder=\"0\" id=\"player\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe><\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>One promising example came from a fossil animal called <em>Anatolepis<\/em>, which had pores filled with material that seemed like dentine. The team thought this might represent the first tooth-like structure in a Cambrian vertebrate, dating to millions of years earlier than any known vertebrate fossil. \u201cWe were high fiving each other, like \u2018oh my god, we finally did it,\u2019\u201d Haridy says in a <a href=\"https:\/\/biologicalsciences.uchicago.edu\/news\/sensory-teeth-evolve-fossil-exoskeletons\">statement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>However, when they compared <em>Anatolepis<\/em> to a confirmed fossil arthropod\u2014an invertebrate like the insects, spiders and crustaceans of today\u2014they concluded that they\u2019d been mistaken. The structures they had thought were dentine-filled odontodes actually appeared more similar to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/sensillum\">sensilla<\/a>: external sensory organs found in invertebrates. In other words, <em>Anatolepis<\/em> was not a vertebrate at all, but a long-extinct invertebrate arthropod.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, the researchers discovered that odontodes on a vertebrate fish called <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhm.ac.uk\/discover\/news\/2023\/september\/ancient-fish-reveals-how-vertebrates-put-heads-together.html\">Eriptychius<\/a><\/em>\u2014dating to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Ordovician-Period\">Ordovician<\/a> period between 444 million to 485 million years ago\u2014did have dentine. This makes the <em>Eriptychius<\/em>\u2014and not <em>Anatolepis<\/em>\u2014the oldest known \u201ctoothed\u201d animal, as reported by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2481186-the-first-teeth-were-sensory-organs-on-the-skin-of-ancient-fish\/\"><em>New Scientist<\/em><\/a>\u2019s Michael Marshall.<\/p>\n<p>Today, some fish still have odontodes, while animals like catfish, sharks and skates have small, tooth-like structures on their skin called denticles, which give them a texture like sandpaper. The team \u201cperformed experiments on modern fish that confirmed the presence of nerves\u201d in these denticles, Haridy tells B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte Rey of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/your-sensitive-teeth-may-exist-so-ancient-fish-could-avoid-danger\">Agence France-Presse<\/a> (AFP). This indicates that \u201ctooth tissues of odontodes outside the mouth can be sensitive\u2014and perhaps the very first odontodes were as well.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article-image \">\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com\/7QAx7aWheyI_GS3yjixZhDFJ8wU=\/fit-in\/1072x0\/filters:focal(690x394:691x395)\/https:\/\/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/filer_public\/bc\/d1\/bcd1cf44-c304-414f-9256-bcba0fc6ef22\/sensory-exoskeletons-wide.jpg\" alt=\"a diagram comparing nerves on ancient vertebrate fish, ancient arthropods, and modern arthropods that allow the animals to sense their environment\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><figcaption class=\"caption\">\n<p>      Prehistoric vertebrate fish (top row), prehistoric arthropods (middle row) and modern-day arthropods (bottom row) had structures connected to nerves that allow the animals to sense their surroundings. When similar structures arise independently, it&#8217;s known as convergent evolution.<\/p>\n<p>      <span class=\"credit\">Alex Boersma<\/span><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Given the similarities between odontodes in vertebrates and sensilla in invertebrates, scientists say the organs likely developed independently to perform the same sensory function in different animals\u2014a process called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhm.ac.uk\/discover\/convergent-evolution.html#:~:text=What%20is%20convergent%20evolution%3F,shapes%2C%20colour%20patterns%20or%20abilities.\">convergent evolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDentine is likely a vertebrate novelty, yet the sensory capabilities of a hardened external surface were present much earlier in invertebrates,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/biology.ufl.edu\/gareth-fraser\/\">Gareth Fraser<\/a>, a biologist at the University of Florida who wasn\u2019t involved in the study, to <em>New Scientist<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>While arthropods today still have sensilla, odontodes seem to have largely evolved into teeth. At some point \u201cit became advantageous to have pointy structures\u201d near the mouth, Haridy explains to the AFP. \u201cLittle by little, some fish with jaws had pointy odontodes at the edge of the mouth, and then eventually, some were directly in the mouth.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Although the team didn\u2019t identify the earliest known vertebrate, \u201cin some ways, we found something way cooler,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/biologicalsciences.uchicago.edu\/faculty\/neil-h-shubin-phd\">Neil Shubin<\/a>, a biologist at the University of Chicago and co-author of the study, says in the statement.<\/p>\n<div class=\"in-article-newsletter\">\n<div class=\"leade\">\n<h3>Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.<\/h3>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<section class=\"tag-list\">\n<nav class=\"nav-tags\">\n<\/nav>\n<\/section><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hundreds of millions of years ago, fish had sensory features on their exoskeletons that contained dentine, the material that makes our teeth sensitive today Margherita Bassi &#8211; Daily Correspondent May 23, 2025 1:59 p.m. An artistic rendering of an early vertebrate being attacked by a sea-scorpion in dark waters Brian Engh Paleontologists have long suspected [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":254107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12024],"tags":[37405,76841,92212,16649,2572,39039,10113,2592,1978],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-254106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aerospace","tag-armor","tag-bumps","tag-descend","tag-finds","tag-fish","tag-prehistoric","tag-research","tag-sensitive","tag-teeth"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - 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