{"id":253019,"date":"2025-05-23T02:28:30","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T02:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/agriculture\/ucce-advisor-provides-first-of-its-kind-avocado-irrigation-data-2\/"},"modified":"2025-05-23T02:28:30","modified_gmt":"2025-05-23T02:28:30","slug":"ucce-advisor-provides-first-of-its-kind-avocado-irrigation-data-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=253019","title":{"rendered":"UCCE advisor provides first-of-its-kind avocado irrigation data"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<h2><em>Study findings from Southern California orchards help growers save water, money<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>Perched precariously on the steep hillside of an avocado orchard in San Diego County, <a href=\"https:\/\/ucanr.edu\/people\/aliasghar-montazar\">Ali Montazar<\/a> began to form a theory as to why there are so few studies of irrigation for avocados.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPerhaps no one likes to do research on a nearly 45% slope and erect 30-foot-high towers to collect data from sensors above the canopy!\u201d said Montazar, University of California Cooperative Extension irrigation and water management advisor for Riverside, San Diego and Imperial counties. \u201cBut if you\u2019re on flat land looking at almonds or pistachios, everyone is happy to do such research there.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure role=\"group\" class=\"caption caption-drupal-media align-right\"><figcaption>Sensors mounted on towers high above the avocado orchard canopy were crucial in collecting real-world data for more precise crop coefficients. Photo by Ali Montazar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Despite the ruggedness of the terrain (avocados are often planted on hillsides in California production systems), Montazar persisted in advancing his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378377425001957\">groundbreaking research<\/a> to optimize irrigation for \u201cHass\u201d avocado trees. California is the #1 state in the U.S. in avocado production, with the crop valued at more than $523 million, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nass.usda.gov\/Quick_Stats\/Ag_Overview\/stateOverview.php?state=CALIFORNIA\">recent statistics<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>A researcher with the California Avocado Commission (CAC), one of the primary funders of this project, was certainly glad Montazar finished his work unscathed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWater for avocado is the single biggest input, dollar-wise, that growers have \u2013 it tops harvest costs; it tops fertilizer costs,\u201d said Tim Spann, a CAC research consultant who was formerly the director of the CAC research program. \u201cEnsuring that growers are putting out irrigation at optimal rates goes directly to their bottom line.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The need for efficient and effective irrigation scheduling is especially acute in Southern California, where most of the state\u2019s avocados are grown.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis region is under pressure due to a variety of water issues, facing uncertain water supplies, mandatory reductions in water use and rising costs of water,\u201d said Montazar, noting that San Diego County has some of the highest water costs in the nation.<\/p>\n<h3>Data-based crop coefficients crucial for determining water needs<\/h3>\n<p>Crop coefficients are numbers used to calculate the amount of water a particular crop needs, given a variety of environmental and plant factors. Noting that as much as 50% of an avocado grower\u2019s production costs go to irrigation, Montazar set out to develop more reliable crop coefficients for avocado, based on real-world data.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is huge; we have never had a project like this conducted for avocados in California,\u201d Spann said. \u201cThe crop coefficient we used previously was developed out of a salinity project done 20-plus years ago.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Because avocado growers had been using that roughly estimated crop coefficient (as well as coefficients borrowed from citrus), Montazar sought to calculate \u201ctrue\u201d crop coefficients by measuring actual evapotranspiration from orchards across California\u2019s avocado-growing regions.<\/p>\n<figure role=\"group\" class=\"caption caption-drupal-media align-center\"><figcaption>Instruments measured high frequency temperature and net radiation above the experimental sites at avocado orchards across Southern California. Photo by Ali Montazar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>For three years, Montazar and his team collected data from sites scattered across the four counties where avocados are primarily grown: Riverside, San Diego, Orange and Ventura.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe used cutting-edge remote sensing technology and ground-based data for this research, which had never been used for avocados at this scale,\u201d Montazar added.<\/p>\n<p>The scientists found that the actual evapotranspiration numbers \u2013 and therefore the crop coefficients \u2013 varied widely based on site-specific conditions and factors such as slope and row orientation, soil type and condition, canopy size and management, age of orchard and seasonal changes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cGrowers can rely on these numbers, because they come from their practices and may represent a wide range of site and environment features,\u201d Montazar said. \u201cWe conducted this study in 12 different commercial sites in actual cropping systems.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Montazar and Spann both observed that, in general, growers were likely overwatering during certain times of year.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOverall, the biggest surprise was that Ali has shown we actually need less water than what most of us had previously thought \u2013 which is definitely a good thing,\u201d Spann said. \u201cEven if growers don\u2019t fully utilize this information that he\u2019s produced, we can still communicate with them that: \u2018Look, our old information that we were providing you \u2013 that avocados need about three acre-feet per year \u2013 is probably on the high side. At the very least, dial it back 10% or something like that.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<figure role=\"group\" class=\"caption caption-drupal-media align-center\"><figcaption>Generally, avocado growers were likely overwatering their orchards during certain times of year, the researchers found. Photo by Ali Montazar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Scientists share research, develop tools to aid growers<\/h3>\n<p>Montazar said that he is developing crop-coefficient curves and user-friendly tools that growers can refer to \u2013 factoring in those variables such as growing region, crop canopy and topography features, and soil types and conditions \u2013 and thus determine more precisely the optimal amount of water to apply. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>He also said the newly developed crop coefficients will be plugged into an existing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avocadosource.com\/tools\/IrrigationCalculator.asp\">irrigation calculator<\/a>, and have also been used to verify the satellite data-based models available to growers through <a href=\"https:\/\/etdata.org\/\">OpenET<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, Montazar and his colleagues have been sharing the results of the research in the California Avocado Commission newsletter, which goes to 4,000 growers, at CAC meetings, and during more than 10 in-person field days, workshops and webinars. The results also have been presented at several international and national conferences.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe avocado community has been very supportive,\u201d Montazar said. \u201cMaybe it\u2019s because of the high water-costs in this region, and the fact that this information is an immediate need for water-efficiency enhancement in avocados. Avocado growers are very interested in adopting technology and any improvement in irrigation management; I observed a strong eagerness for these results, which I find very encouraging.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In turn, Spann said avocado growers have been immensely appreciative of Montazar\u2019s attention to this much-needed area of study.<\/p>\n<figure role=\"group\" class=\"caption caption-drupal-media align-center\"><figcaption>The avocado community has appreciated Montazar sharing his irrigation and water management expertise through a variety of venues and channels. Photo courtesy of Ali Montazar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cWhen he reached out, it was wonderful \u2013 we\u2019ve never really had someone with his level of expertise, specifically on irrigation, working on avocados like this,\u201d Spann explained. \u201cIt\u2019s always nice to work with farm advisors, who don\u2019t have the additional burdens of teaching and having students and so forth \u2013 they can really dedicate themselves to a project. They\u2019re truly interested in helping the grower.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And, based on those conversations with growers, Montazar is already formulating his next research project \u2013 quantifying, at several sites, the actual effects on avocado yield of following his new crop coefficients to apply irrigation water.<\/p>\n<p>The avocado crop coefficient paper can be found at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378377425001957\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378377425001957<\/a>. The project was also supported by the California Department of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant Program.<\/p>\n<p>The authors are Montazar; Ben Faber, UC Cooperative Extension soils\/water\/subtropical crops advisor for Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, UC ANR; Dennis Corwin, research soil scientist, USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Alireza Pourreza, UC Cooperative Extension specialist in agricultural mechanization, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, UC Davis; and Richard Snyder, biometeorology specialist, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, UC Davis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Study findings from Southern California orchards help growers save water, money Perched precariously on the steep hillside of an avocado orchard in San Diego County, Ali Montazar began to form a theory as to why there are so few studies of irrigation for avocados. \u201cPerhaps no one likes to do research on a nearly 45% [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":253020,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12026],"tags":[11014,26917,11603,62435,26640,21557],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-253019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","tag-advisor","tag-avocado","tag-data","tag-firstofitskind","tag-irrigation","tag-ucce"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - 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