{"id":250882,"date":"2025-05-21T18:33:12","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T18:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/anthropology\/how-genomics-exposed-a-forgotten-ethnic-cleansing-in-spain\/"},"modified":"2025-05-21T18:33:12","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T18:33:12","slug":"how-genomics-exposed-a-forgotten-ethnic-cleansing-in-spain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=250882","title":{"rendered":"How Genomics Exposed a Forgotten Ethnic Cleansing in Spain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<p><span>In the sun-drenched soil of eastern Spain, where citrus groves meet ancient ruins, archaeologists have long chronicled the region&#8217;s complex past. But bones often speak when texts fall silent. Now, DNA extracted from 12 individuals buried in cemeteries across Valencia has revealed<\/span><span> a hidden history of cultural suppression and demographic transformation. The study, led by Gonzalo Oteo-Garc\u00eda and colleagues, shows how centuries of coexistence between Europe and North Africa were violently severed in the 17th century\u2014and how their echoes lingered in the genomes of the dead until that point.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg\" data-component-name=\"Image2ToDOM\" rel=\"\" class=\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"image2-inset\"><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg 1456w\" sizes=\"100vw\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg\" width=\"1419\" height=\"1730\" data-attrs=\"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/images\/e6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1730,&quot;width&quot;:1419,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:264116,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.anthropology.net\/i\/164096952?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null}\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6406f68-447b-4cff-bc94-bd2b7fa85caf_1419x1730.jpeg 1456w\" sizes=\"100vw\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"sizing-normal\"\/><\/picture><\/div>\n<p><\/a><figcaption class=\"image-caption\"><strong>A Two kindred individuals from late antiquity contemporary to the Islamic arrival found in Gand\u00eda. B Islamic burial from Vall d\u2019Uix\u00f3. C Remains of individual from Valencia, consisting solely of the lower extremities and an iron shackle on the right leg. D Map with the location of all samples screened E Ages for each individual studied above a timeline of relevant historical events. F Approximate extent of the borders of the territories of Al-Andalus. Credit: <\/strong><em><strong>Genome Biology<\/strong><\/em><strong> (2025). DOI: 10.1186\/s13059-025-03570-1<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Through high-resolution sequencing of ancient genomes dating from the 3rd to the 17th century CE, researchers traced the region&#8217;s complex population history across Roman, Islamic, and Christian eras. What emerged was the genomic footprint of a multicultural past, slowly effaced by war, conversion, and expulsion.<\/p>\n<p>Among the most telling finds were two individuals buried in the same pit in Gand\u00eda\u2014a man and his daughter. Their burial dates to around the time of the Islamic conquest of Iberia (711 CE), but their DNA tells a story of mixed ancestry. The father&#8217;s genome carries significant North African ancestry, while the daughter&#8217;s does not, indicating intermarriage between North African and Iberian populations within a single generation.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cThis admixture wasn&#8217;t just political or cultural,\u201d the researchers note. \u201cIt was deeply personal and familial.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Across five Islamic-period burials from Vall d\u2019Uix\u00f3, the team found a consistent pattern of mixed North African and Iberian ancestry. These individuals likely belonged to the Mulad\u00eds\u2014local converts to Islam who embodied centuries of integration. Their genomes showed signs of both western Mediterranean and Levantine roots, with some carrying haplogroups common in North Africa today.<\/p>\n<p>The turning point came in the early 1600s. Following rising tensions, forced conversions, and increasing restrictions, King Philip III of Spain ordered the expulsion of the Moriscos\u2014Muslims who had converted to Christianity under duress. Historical records describe the departure of hundreds of thousands. What the genomes reveal is the scale of that disappearance.<\/p>\n<p>Two Christian-period individuals buried in Valencia before the expulsion still bore substantial North African ancestry. But by the 17th century, that signal vanishes. One man, GOG60, shows no trace of it. His genome aligns squarely with modern Spanish populations.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cThe genetic bridge between Europe and North Africa, visible for centuries, collapses abruptly after 1609 CE,\u201d the study finds.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>A contrasting case is GOG59, a man of clear North African descent buried with iron shackles around his leg. His remains suggest he was enslaved during one of the many Christian raids on the Barbary Coast. His DNA clusters closely with present-day Moroccan Berbers.<\/p>\n<p>One paradox the study addresses is the presence of North African ancestry in modern South American populations. Spanish colonial authorities barred Moriscos from emigrating, fearing divided loyalties. But the high levels of Maghrebi ancestry in Latin America suggest many Moriscos left Europe before the expulsion, carrying their genomes\u2014and cultural legacies\u2014across the Atlantic.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cThe Iberian emigrants who settled the Americas carried more North African ancestry than is found in Spain today,\u201d the authors argue.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span>This study, published in <\/span><em>Genome Biology<\/em><span>, not only reconstructs a hidden demographic history but also foregrounds how ethnic cleansing shapes the genomic record. Despite centuries of convivencia in medieval Spain, the forced removal of Moriscos disrupted a stable, hybrid population, leaving little genetic trace in today&#8217;s Valencian gene pool.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In the ruins of rural maqbaras and under the stones of urban churches, the DNA of the departed preserves a record of diversity lost. The cemeteries may have been forgotten. But in the silence of their bones, the memory of expulsion persists.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><span>Silva, M., et al. (2021). <\/span><em>Biomolecular insights into North African-related ancestry, mobility and diet in eleventh-century Al-Andalus<\/em><span>. <\/span><em>Scientific Reports<\/em><span>, 11(1), 18121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-97339-5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span>Olalde, I., et al. (2019). <\/span><em>The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years<\/em><span>. <\/span><em>Science<\/em><span>, 363(6432), 1230\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aav4040<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span>Rodr\u00edguez-Varela, R., et al. (2024). <\/span><em>Five centuries of consanguinity, isolation, health, and conflict in Las Gobas: a northern medieval Iberian necropolis<\/em><span>. <\/span><em>Science Advances<\/em><span>, 10(35), eadp8625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp8625<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span>Silva, M., et al. (2021). <\/span><em>North African-related ancestry in medieval and early modern Spain: Insights from ancient DNA<\/em><span>. <\/span><em>Nature Communications<\/em><span>, 12(1), 4166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-24339-z<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span>Botigu\u00e9, L. R., et al. (2013). <\/span><em>Gene flow from North Africa contributes to differential human genetic diversity in southern Europe<\/em><span>. <\/span><em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em><span>, 110(29), 11791\u201311796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1306223110<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the sun-drenched soil of eastern Spain, where citrus groves meet ancient ruins, archaeologists have long chronicled the region&#8217;s complex past. But bones often speak when texts fall silent. Now, DNA extracted from 12 individuals buried in cemeteries across Valencia has revealed a hidden history of cultural suppression and demographic transformation. The study, led by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":250883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11767],"tags":[1637,2870,26482,5225,47832,15386],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-250882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-cleansing","tag-ethnic","tag-exposed","tag-forgotten","tag-genomics","tag-spain"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Genomics Exposed a Forgotten Ethnic Cleansing in Spain - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=250882\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Genomics Exposed a Forgotten Ethnic Cleansing in Spain - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the sun-drenched soil of eastern Spain, where citrus groves meet ancient ruins, archaeologists have long chronicled the region&#8217;s complex past. 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But bones often speak when texts fall silent. Now, DNA extracted from 12 individuals buried in cemeteries across Valencia has revealed a hidden history of cultural suppression and demographic transformation. 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