{"id":242858,"date":"2025-05-15T08:44:33","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T08:44:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/business\/legal\/the-hyderabad-encounter-analysing-the-prospects-of-effective-legal-reforms-in-the-indian-police-system\/"},"modified":"2025-05-15T08:44:33","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T08:44:33","slug":"the-hyderabad-encounter-analysing-the-prospects-of-effective-legal-reforms-in-the-indian-police-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=242858","title":{"rendered":"The \u2018Hyderabad Encounter\u2019: Analysing The Prospects Of Effective Legal Reforms In The Indian Police System"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-425ed59c-7fff-e89d-2aae-2197db7660c3\"><span style=\"color: #1a1a1a;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;font-style: italic;vertical-align: baseline\">By Rajpratim Kakati, National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<div><span><span style=\"color: #1a1a1a;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;font-style: italic;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-b694521b-7fff-ff85-8ffa-5fb1c3ea34c2\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg5ohUd5rJUP1Us8lBW-EUTnNlgnQ7swwqy3gDYj63Cl82g-Rvz0MHZV8NxfHVG5g-3Bc_Pilo08h4MlCUyRqZg0oZqKZZEaJvWrnfoBWSodHuJ3IDlc8LYajM4GA_WRjWnpXnOQ7B2cukyPh7CojteUt7AIbXbo4QoLDYefpW-o8CKG97jWh4qMlxLDA\/s1200\/72395197.webp\" style=\"margin-left: 1em;margin-right: 1em\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"900\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg5ohUd5rJUP1Us8lBW-EUTnNlgnQ7swwqy3gDYj63Cl82g-Rvz0MHZV8NxfHVG5g-3Bc_Pilo08h4MlCUyRqZg0oZqKZZEaJvWrnfoBWSodHuJ3IDlc8LYajM4GA_WRjWnpXnOQ7B2cukyPh7CojteUt7AIbXbo4QoLDYefpW-o8CKG97jWh4qMlxLDA\/s320\/72395197.webp\" width=\"320\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both;text-align: center\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">On 27th November, 2019, an incident of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/Hyderabad\/burnt-body-on-bengaluru-highway-was-of-missing-lady-govt-vet\/article30106267.ece\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">brutal rape and murder<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> of a young woman in Hyderabad in the state of Telangana surfaced all over Indian media. Consequently, four accused were arrested by the police and amidst widespread public outcry over the incident, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/Hyderabad\/four-accused-in-hyderabad-vet-rape-and-murder-case-shot-dead\/article61610385.ece\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">police shot dead all the four accused<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">, while all four of them were taken to the place of commission of the crime for reconstructing the crime scene. The accused allegedly made an attempt to escape by pelting stones at the policemen and firing on them by snatching their weapons. All these happened in the middle of the night and two policemen suffered injury. Thereafter, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livelaw.in\/top-stories\/-sc-orders-judicial-enquiry-into-hyderabard-encounter-150734\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">Supreme Court of India constituted a commission<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> headed by a former judge of the Supreme Court, Justice V S Sirpurkar to enquire into the encounter by the police. Recently, in the month of May, 2022, the Commission submitted its report. The commission found ten policemen guilty of murder and causing disappearance of evidence of offence under the Indian Penal Code. The <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/cdn.siasat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Final-Report.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> states, \u201cIn our considered opinion, the accused were deliberately fired upon with an intent to cause their death and with the knowledge that the firing would invariably result in the death of the deceased suspect.\u201d The concerning fact is this is not the only or one of few incidents of extra-judicial killing by the police force over the recent years across the country. The frequent killings of accused persons by the police have created a new norm of instantaneous \u2018justice\u2019 delivery, an alternative to the trial based judicial mechanism. At this juncture, the very relevant question that draws attention is why there is no effective legal reform till today in the police system to&nbsp; deter overreaching misuse of force by the law enforcement.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline\">Legal Reform In Police System: A Distant Dream?&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">Any modern criminal justice system is based on the premise that justice can not be equated with revengeful punishment. Therefore, \u2018eye for an eye\u2019 is no longer applicable in any liberal legal system around the world. There has been a gradual inclination towards restorative justice instead of punitive justice in the legal systems of a number of democratic countries. Many theories on crime and deviance also suggest that crime is a construct of the social systems and hence mere elimination of criminals would not result in elimination of crime. The Indian legal system also recognises the fact that each accused should have the right to be heard before a court of law through a free and fair trial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">The Supreme Court of India played its crucial role to bring structural reforms in the police system to make it more accountable to rule of law and the citizens. In 2006, in the case of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/1090328\/\"><span style=\"background-color: white;color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">Prakash Singh &amp; Ors vs Union Of India And Ors<\/span><\/a><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">, the Supreme Court observed that even after recommendations and reports from many expert committees and commissions that suggested an urgent need to review the colonial Indian Police Act, 1861 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">as since independence there had been drastic changes in<\/span><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> the political, social and economic situation in the country, their recommendations were not implemented.&nbsp; The court identified that the present distortions in the functioning of the police had their roots in the Indian Police Act, 1861. Numerous instances of violation of fundamental rights and human rights of the citizens by the act or omission of the police, mostly due to non-enforcement and discriminatory application of the laws were also taken into account. Hence, the apex court issued seven directions to ensure accountability and efficiency of the police. The court emphasised the importance of the introduction of a new police act to be followed as a model by the states and the union territories across the country, replacing the colonial police act. It duly noted that the new act should not only reflect the aspirations of the citizens of an independent and democratic nation, but also make the police force accountable to the society and the law of the land, devoid of any extraneous, illegal and unreasonable interference and influence. However, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thewire.in\/government\/sc-police-reforms-directives\"><span style=\"background-color: white;color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">no state has fully complied<\/span><\/a><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> with all the directives of the court till today. In fact, the Indian state of Assam that brought about partial legislative reforms in compliance with the directives of the court with the enactment of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/spac.assam.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/swf_utility_folder\/departments\/spac_webcomindia_org_oid_10\/menu\/document\/the_assam_police_act_2007.pdf\"><span style=\"background-color: white;color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">Assam Police Act, 2007<\/span><\/a><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">, recently <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legislative.assam.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/swf_utility_folder\/departments\/legislative_medhassu_in_oid_3\/menu\/document\/the_assam_policeamendment_act_2021_assam_act_no.xli_of_2021.pdf\"><span style=\"background-color: white;color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">amended<\/span><\/a><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> the act to restrict the jurisdiction and powers of the State Police Accountability Commission. It is a statutory watchdog body ensuring police accountability, headed by a former judge of the High Court and it was established in compliance with the directives of the court.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">Over the recent years, the number of extra-judicial encounters by police has been alarmingly high, indicating the failure of the attempts to bring about changes in the legal framework of the police system. According to a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/cop-encounters-toll-655-in-5-years-chhattisgarh-tops-list\/articleshow\/89439449.cms\"><span style=\"background-color: white;color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> shared by the National Human Rights Commission reveals that between<\/span><span style=\"background-color: white;color: #1a1a1a;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> January 1, 2017 and January 31, 2022, <\/span><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">a total of 655 cases of death in cop encounters were registered across the country. The states of Chattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Assam held the top three positions respectively, accounting for the highest number of cases.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline\">Reasons For Failure To Bring About Effective Legal Reform: What \u2018Hyderabad Encounter\u2019 Reveals?<\/span><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"background-color: white;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">As discussed above there has been no effective legislative reforms with respect to the functioning of the police system to ensure accountability. Even if some degree of legal reforms in the police system has been brought in by a few states, the executive finds one or the other way to flout it by deliberately leaving loopholes in the statute or by amending the legal provisions. The reasons behind this can be traced <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">&nbsp;to two major, interconnected factors, firstly popular public support for apparent &#8216;instant justice&#8217;&nbsp; and secondly endorsement by the elected public representatives. These reasons can be drawn from the course of events that followed the \u2018police encounter\u2019 in Hyderabad. Soon after the encounter, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-india-50683615\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">people came out to display support<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> for the act of the police. Police personnels were honoured with garlands and flowers. The celebration programmes involved burning of firecrackers and distribution of sweets. The popular public support to such acts of the police, in turn, encourages the government to endorse and promote it further. Subsequent to the encounter by police in Hyderabad, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thewire.in\/politics\/telangana-rape-accused-encounter-response\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">public representatives including ministers of the state government openly expressed their support<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"> to the act. Following the incident of rape, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/india-news\/rapists-should-be-brought-out-in-public-lynched-jaya-bachchan-in-rajya-sabha-amid-uproar-over-hyderabad-case\/story-3oplq9hlE3gHQaiKtC7KhK.html\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">a Member of Parliament<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">&nbsp; went to the extent of saying that the accused should be lynched publicly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline\">Way Forward<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\">Without the willingness of the elected representatives of the governments, any legal reforms in the police system can not be implemented effectively. In order to persuade the governments to bring in effective legislative reforms devoid of escape clauses, the first initiative would be to create mass awareness, although, it is not easy to spread legal awareness among people in a country like India in which elementary education is a dream for many. Besides, the judiciary also has the responsibility to win back the trust of the people and to display its potential as a competent justice delivery mechanism. The acts of extrajudicial killing can not simply be legislated away, unless it ceases to attract public admiration.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><a name=\"more\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-body post-content\" style=\"border: 0px;color: #111111;, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.5em;overflow: hidden;padding: 20px 0px 0px;vertical-align: baseline;width: 770px\">\n<h4 style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;color: #2c3e50;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.92;margin: 0pt 0px;padding: 0pt 0pt 11pt;text-align: center;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;font-size: 12pt;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><i style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;font-family: arial;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><br \/><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;color: #2c3e50;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.92;margin: 0pt 0px;padding: 0pt 0pt 11pt;text-align: center;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;font-size: 12pt;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><i style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;font-family: arial;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\">Views expressed are the author\u2019s own,&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;color: #2c3e50;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.92;margin: 0pt 0px 11pt;padding: 0px;text-align: center;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;font-size: 12pt;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><i style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;font-family: arial;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\">Law Daily neither endorses nor is responsible for them.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<div><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;font-size: 12pt;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><i style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><span style=\"background: 0px 0px;border: 0px;font-family: arial;padding: 0px;vertical-align: baseline\"><br \/><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-top: 0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;font-size: 12pt;vertical-align: baseline\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><br \/>\n<br \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Rajpratim Kakati, National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam. On 27th November, 2019, an incident of brutal rape and murder of a young woman in Hyderabad in the state of Telangana surfaced all over Indian media. Consequently, four accused were arrested by the police and amidst widespread public outcry over the incident, the police [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":242859,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[35549,5227,47509,40682,1897,6036,2562,16396,33686,2345],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-242858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal","tag-analysing","tag-effective","tag-encounter","tag-hyderabad","tag-indian","tag-legal","tag-police","tag-prospects","tag-reforms","tag-system"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The \u2018Hyderabad Encounter\u2019: Analysing The Prospects Of Effective Legal Reforms In The Indian Police System - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=242858\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The \u2018Hyderabad Encounter\u2019: Analysing The Prospects Of Effective Legal Reforms In The Indian Police System - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Rajpratim Kakati, National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam. 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