{"id":192172,"date":"2025-04-19T05:17:52","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T05:17:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/airline\/salient-symbols-and-the-hud\/"},"modified":"2025-04-19T05:17:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T05:17:52","slug":"salient-symbols-and-the-hud","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=192172","title":{"rendered":"Salient Symbols and the HUD"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<div data-shortcode=\"caption\" id=\"attachment_95\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-95\" data-attachment-id=\"95\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/2015\/02\/04\/salient-symbols-and-the-hud\/img-20120801-00112-jpg\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2048,1536\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;BlackBerry 9650&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"img-20120801-00112.jpg\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg&lt;\/p&gt;&#10;\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg?w=300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg?w=640\" class=\"wp-image-95 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg?w=640&amp;h=480\" alt=\"img-20120801-00112.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg?w=640&amp;h=480 640w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=960 1280w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg?w=150&amp;h=113 150w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg?w=300&amp;h=225 300w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg?w=768&amp;h=576 768w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00112.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=768 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-95\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heads Up Display<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p>There are those that dislike using a Heads Up Display, or HUD ( such as pictured above), but in my experience, once a pilot is used to the HUD it becomes as indispensable as the Primary Flight Display (PFD), which is now the \u201cstandard\u201d for most modern aircraft. \u00a0Like the HUD, though, many might not recall that the PFD also\u00a0took some get used to at first.<\/p>\n<p>I still remember that the first time I used\u00a0a\u00a0PFD (see below) I found the volume of information overwhelming. \u00a0Later, even after being qualified on the aircraft (and while I was more than capable of utilizing the features needed to be safe), I was still \u201cdiscovering\u201d aspects I had not noticed before in the \u201cinformation overload\u201d when\u00a0it was still new to me.<\/p>\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<div data-shortcode=\"caption\" id=\"attachment_249\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-249\" data-attachment-id=\"249\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/2015\/02\/04\/salient-symbols-and-the-hud\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1887\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"2000px-Primary_Flight_Display.svg\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png?w=300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png?w=640\" class=\"wp-image-249 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png?w=640&amp;h=604\" alt=\"2000px-Primary_Flight_Display.svg\" width=\"640\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png?w=640&amp;h=604 640w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png?w=1280&amp;h=1208 1280w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png?w=150&amp;h=142 150w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png?w=300&amp;h=283 300w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png?w=768&amp;h=725 768w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/2000px-primary_flight_display-svg.png?w=1024&amp;h=966 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-249\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Primary Flight Display<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, I recall a time when just having a Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) took some getting used to, with several instruments combined (pictured below).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"250\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/2015\/02\/04\/salient-symbols-and-the-hud\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png\" data-orig-size=\"1012,804\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Horizontal_situation_indicator-en.svg\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png?w=300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png?w=640\" class=\"wp-image-250 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png?w=640&amp;h=508\" alt=\"Horizontal_situation_indicator-en.svg\" width=\"640\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png?w=640&amp;h=508 640w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png?w=150&amp;h=119 150w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png?w=300&amp;h=238 300w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png?w=768&amp;h=610 768w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horizontal_situation_indicator-en-svg.png 1012w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Horizontal Situation Indicator<\/p>\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p>Like the others, the HUD becomes a \u201cfoundational\u201d instrument, that we come to depend on. \u00a0Yes, we can still fly the aircraft without it, but that is also true of the other instruments. \u00a0We become accustomed to finding information in certain places, and there is information readily available on the HUD that is harder to find, or in some cases, just not available on other instruments. \u00a0 Obviously it can be \u201cworked around\u201d, but once one is used to having a certain amount of information it is never fun to give it up. \u00a0An analogy might be going back to lower paying job. \u00a0Sure, you could make ends meet, you did it before, but it requires readjustment.<\/p>\n<p>On that basis, I recently came across an aspect that is somewhat unique to the HUD where I could see it leading a pilot astray, and that is the flight director, or \u201cguidance cue\u201d. \u00a0Flight directors can lead pilots to do the wrong things even on a standard display. \u00a0The flight director is, essentially, telling the pilot how much to bank or pitch the aircraft in order to fly to the programmed course or altitude. \u00a0 Essentially, it is a visual portrayal of what the autopilot would do, and allows for very precise flying with the pilot retaining more control than\u00a0is\u00a0present if the autopilot is engaged, plus adding the capability of be able to fly into very gusty winds or with certain flight control malfunctions that the autopilot is unable to handle. \u00a0By utilizing the flight director (see image below), the pilot gets the \u201cbest of both worlds\u201d, and many pilots come to depend on it, despite the admonishment that they should \u201clook through the flight director\u201d and just use it to \u201cback up\u201d what they would do without it.<\/p>\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/flight-director.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"251\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/2015\/02\/04\/salient-symbols-and-the-hud\/flight-director\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/flight-director.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"257,255\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"flight director\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/flight-director.jpg?w=257\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/flight-director.jpg?w=257\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" size-full wp-image-251 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/flight-director.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"flight director\" srcset=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/flight-director.jpg 257w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/flight-director.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p>Looking through the flight director and flying the aircraft based on the attitude indicator becomes second nature with a bit of practice when utilizing a standard artificial horizon with flight director, or with a PFD. \u00a0The entire attitude indicator is easy to visually \u201ctake in\u201d with one glance. \u00a0Enter the HUD.<\/p>\n<p>On the HUD, the focus is much more narrow. \u00a0When using it, it takes a fairly large shift of the eyes to look at different aspects. \u00a0The little angle of attack indicator is \u201cway up to the right\u201d, or the autopilot mode is \u201cway up on top\u201d, etc. \u00a0It is not just right in front of you like it is on the PFD. \u00a0 Similarly, the entire attitude indicator display on the HUD is a \u201cbig sweep\u201d of vision. \u00a0From a visual perspective, the HUD takes up the majority of the view out the windshield, so it appears as one really big instrument! The image that one normally is looking at is something like the following:<\/p>\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<div data-shortcode=\"caption\" id=\"attachment_65\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65\" data-attachment-id=\"65\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/2015\/02\/04\/salient-symbols-and-the-hud\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4-jpg\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2048,1536\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;BlackBerry 9650&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg&lt;\/p&gt;&#10;\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg?w=300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg?w=640\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-65 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg?w=640&amp;h=480\" alt=\"img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg?w=640&amp;h=480 640w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=960 1280w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg?w=150&amp;h=113 150w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg?w=300&amp;h=225 300w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg?w=768&amp;h=576 768w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img-20120801-00114-evs-on4.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=768 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-65\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">HUD<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p>Notice that the first \u201ctick mark\u201d above and below the horizon is just 5 degrees. \u00a0The pitch attitude is about 2.5 degrees in this image, with the \u201cguidance cue\u201d on the horizon. \u00a0While this was in cruise flight, on takeoff there is a large gap between the actual aircraft attitude and the guidance cue. \u00a0While the aircraft is pointing up fairly steeply, its climb angle is actually quite a bit less, with easily 10 degrees between them, perhaps more. \u00a0The little wings symbol for the attitude symbol is up around 15-22 degrees or so, perhaps higher on some aircraft, \u00a0while the guidance cue is still pointing to the actual flight path. \u00a0The problem is that due to the scaling, as you can see, 5 degrees is already quite a visual distance off the horizon, and 20 degrees is pretty much near the top of the scale, meaning that the pilot needs to look up near the top of the windshield, literally, to see the actual aircraft pitch attitude.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, the flight path vector display stays at the center of the display, and the pilot is aiming to lay the flight path vector on that guidance cue, which means that the guidance cue is <em>also\u00a0<\/em>probably in view at center stage of the visual field. \u00a0\u00a0What this does is make the flight path and guidance cue much more salient than the actual aircraft pitch attitude, with that indicator being up near the top of the visual field. \u00a0That is all fine if all is working normally, but if the system were to be commanding too steep of a climb due to some anomaly it is very possible that the pilot might\u00a0not see or realize just how high the pitch is\u00a0getting before it is\u00a0too late. This could create a critical situation in certain circumstances on approach as well.<\/p>\n<p>While this is a potentially dangerous situation, once a pilot is aware of this, then it is easily handled, and does not offset the safety enhancements of the HUD in my opinion. \u00a0I put this out for pilots to consider, as it is a potential trap. \u00a0Remember to take a peak \u201cway up\u201d!<\/p>\n<p>==================================================<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/angle-of-attack-book\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"659\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/2012\/02\/02\/inflight-fire\/aoa-book-image1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/aoa-book-image1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"395,522\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;S Malmquist&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1501688080&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"aoa-book-image1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/aoa-book-image1.jpg?w=227\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/aoa-book-image1.jpg?w=395\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-659\" src=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/aoa-book-image1.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"aoa-book-image1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/aoa-book-image1.jpg 395w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/aoa-book-image1.jpg?w=114&amp;h=150 114w, https:\/\/airlinesafety.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/aoa-book-image1.jpg?w=227&amp;h=300 227w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"wordads-inline-marker\" style=\"display: none;\"\/>\t\t\t<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"entry-author-info\">\n<div id=\"author-avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/71222e839936336880e5ead5cc76aa2fcca467386a8082d8acec7a434b719bca?s=60&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=G\" srcset=\"https:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/71222e839936336880e5ead5cc76aa2fcca467386a8082d8acec7a434b719bca?s=60&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=G 1x, https:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/71222e839936336880e5ead5cc76aa2fcca467386a8082d8acec7a434b719bca?s=90&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=G 1.5x, https:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/71222e839936336880e5ead5cc76aa2fcca467386a8082d8acec7a434b719bca?s=120&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=G 2x, https:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/71222e839936336880e5ead5cc76aa2fcca467386a8082d8acec7a434b719bca?s=180&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=G 3x, https:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/71222e839936336880e5ead5cc76aa2fcca467386a8082d8acec7a434b719bca?s=240&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=G 4x\" class=\"avatar avatar-60\" height=\"60\" width=\"60\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><!-- #author-avatar --><\/p>\n<div id=\"author-description\">\n<h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout Shem Malmquist FRAeS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB-777 Captain.  Air Safety and Accident Investigator.  Previous experience includes Flight Operations management, Assistant Chief Pilot. Line Check Airman, ALPA Aircraft Technical and Engineering Chairman, Aircraft Performance and Designs Committee MEC Chair, Charting and Instrument Procedures Committee, Group Leader-Commercial Aviation Safety Team-Joint Safety Implementation Team (CAST)-Loss of Control-Human Factors and Automation, CAST-JSIT- Aircraft State Awareness. Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, full Member of ISASI, AIAA, IEEE, HFES, FSF, AFA and the Resilience Engineering Association.  I am available for consulting, speaking or providing training seminars to your organization.  Please contact me at https:\/\/malmquistsafety.com\/for inquiries.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- #author-link\t-->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><!-- #author-description -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heads Up Display ________________________________________________________________ There are those that dislike using a Heads Up Display, or HUD ( such as pictured above), but in my experience, once a pilot is used to the HUD it becomes as indispensable as the Primary Flight Display (PFD), which is now the \u201cstandard\u201d for most modern aircraft. \u00a0Like the HUD, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":192173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12028],"tags":[73659,74787,5473],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-192172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-airline","tag-hud","tag-salient","tag-symbols"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - 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