{"id":180521,"date":"2025-04-10T14:29:12","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T14:29:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/american-history\/a-story-of-the-west-after-all-chicago-and-the-great-gatsby\/"},"modified":"2025-04-10T14:29:12","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T14:29:12","slug":"a-story-of-the-west-after-all-chicago-and-the-great-gatsby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=180521","title":{"rendered":"\u201cA Story of the West, After All\u201d: Chicago and \u201cThe Great Gatsby\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em>To mark the centennial of the publication of <\/em>The Great Gatsby<em> by F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896\u20131940), CHM director of exhibitions Paul Durica writes about the novel\u2019s many connections to Chicago.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Like the green light at the end of Tom Buchanan\u2019s dock, the city of Chicago remains present yet out of reach throughout the text of <em>The Great Gatsby<\/em>, F. Scott Fitzgerald\u2019s classic novel that turns 100 this year.<\/p>\n<p>Chicago is where Buchanan is from, the source of his family\u2019s vast wealth. The \u201cstring of polo ponies\u201d on his East Coast estate hails from Lake Forest, located about 27 miles north of the Loop. Chicago is where he and his wife Daisy, originally from Louisville, lived before their move to Long Island. The first thing she asks her \u201csecond cousin once removed,\u201d Nick Carraway, the novel\u2019s narrator, is if people miss her in Chicago. \u201cThe whole town is desolate,\u201d he replies. \u201c[T]here\u2019s a persistent wail all night along the North Shore.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Buchanan money is old money, at least by Chicago standards. The novel\u2019s title character Jay Gatsby depends upon the city for his wealth as well, albeit from more illegal sources.<\/p>\n<p>When Nick first meets his neighbor Gatsby at one of the latter\u2019s lavish parties, he quickly excuses himself upon learning that \u201cChicago was calling him on the wire,\u201d presumably in connection with his bootlegging ventures. Later, Nick meets one of Gatsby\u2019s associates, the gambler Meyer Wolfshiem, casually identified as the \u201cman who fixed the World\u2019s [sic] Series back in 1919,\u201d the one involving the Chicago \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/blacksox100\/\">Black Sox<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>All these references to Chicago in a novel set entirely in New York are intentional. For Fitzgerald, Chicago is both the gateway and stand-in for the greater Midwest. Late in the novel, Nick remembers train trips \u201ccoming back west from prep school and later from college at Christmas time.\u201d These trips always involved a stopover in the \u201cold dim Union Station\u201d in Chicago where those staying would exchange some \u201choliday gayeties\u201d with those continuing on. It was only after leaving Chicago that Nick experienced the \u201cwinter night and the real snow, our snow\u201d as the \u201cdim lights of small Wisconsin stations\u201d passed by the train\u2019s windows. This landscape he regards as \u201cmy middle west.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-132440\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i073561_old-new-Union-Station-1925-768x580.jpg\" alt=\"Black &amp; white photograph of old and new train station buildings. A steam engine with passenger cars is passing in the foreground, next to a body of water. \" width=\"600\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i073561_old-new-Union-Station-1925-768x580.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i073561_old-new-Union-Station-1925-1280x967.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i073561_old-new-Union-Station-1925-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i073561_old-new-Union-Station-1925-1024x774.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i073561_old-new-Union-Station-1925-1536x1160.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i073561_old-new-Union-Station-1925-1920x1451.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i073561_old-new-Union-Station-1925.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"\/><br \/><em>Exterior view of the old and new Union Station buildings seen from the Monroe Street Bridge, Chicago, 1925. A Pennsylvania Railroad train is passing in the foreground. CHM, ICHi-073561<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cI see now that this has been a story of the West, after all,\u201d Nick muses, in the aftermath of Gatsby\u2019s murder, brought about by his failed dream of reclaiming his lost love, Daisy. \u201cTom and Gatsby, Daisy and Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The public lives of the Chicagoans who served as the models for the golfer Jordan Baker, as well as Tom and Daisy Buchanan, suggest they didn\u2019t share the \u201cdeficiency\u201d of their fictional counterparts.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-132449\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0065346-Alexa-Stirling-the-Cummings-768x615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0065346-Alexa-Stirling-the-Cummings-768x615.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0065346-Alexa-Stirling-the-Cummings-1280x1025.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0065346-Alexa-Stirling-the-Cummings-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0065346-Alexa-Stirling-the-Cummings-1024x820.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0065346-Alexa-Stirling-the-Cummings-1536x1230.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0065346-Alexa-Stirling-the-Cummings-1920x1537.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0065346-Alexa-Stirling-the-Cummings.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"\/><br \/><em>From left: Alexa Sterling, a golfer, with Edith, D. N., and Adrian Cummings, standing in front of a tent at the Onwentsia Country Club, Lake Forest, Illinois, November 1915. Edith Cummings defeated Stirling for the 1923 women\u2019s amateur title in Rye, New York. DN-0065346, Chicago Daily News Collection, CHM<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons published <em>The Great Gatsby<\/em> on April 10, 1925. The following day the society page in <em>The Chicago Daily Tribune<\/em> shared that Edith Cummings would not be \u201cgoing to England this spring to compete with our neighbors over the sea in the British golf tournament,\u201d as had been rumored, but would be staying in Chicago.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-132439\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069439-768x968.jpg\" alt=\"Black &amp; white photograph of three young white women--two are sitting and holding yarn and knitting needles, the one in the middle is standing.\" width=\"450\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069439-768x968.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069439-1280x1613.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069439-300x378.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069439-1024x1290.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069439-1219x1536.jpg 1219w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069439.jpg 1587w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\"\/><br \/><em>From left: Edith Cummings, Gineva King (standing), and Courtney Letts at an event for the Christmas Fund for French Children, Chicago, 1917. DN-0069439, Chicago Daily News collection, CHM<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/exhibits.lflbhistory.org\/stories\/61\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edith Cummings<\/a> (1899\u20131984) was the model for Daisy\u2019s friend and Nick\u2019s romantic interest, Jordan Baker. Like Baker, she was young, from a prominent family, and known for her athleticism. In 1923, she came from behind to win the women\u2019s amateur golf title at Rye, New York. Her success as a <a href=\"https:\/\/issuu.com\/chicagohistorymuseum\/docs\/redacted-2012fall-chm-chicagohistor\/42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">golfer<\/a> landed her on the cover of <em>Time<\/em>. She was an avid skier as well and would play a small part in fellow Chicagoans Walter and Elizabeth Paepcke falling in love with an old mining town in Colorado, known for its excellent slopes, which they\u2019d transform into a premier resort and center of intellectualism, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitute.org\/about\/heritage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aspen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>That same society column from April 10 mentions one of Cummings\u2019s closest friends, \u201cMrs. William H. Mitchell.\u201d She was among \u201cfour of society\u2019s fairest\u201d who\u2019d been chosen to \u201cmodel for <em>Vogue<\/em> at the Woman\u2019s World\u2019s Fair,\u201d opening the following week. As was the convention in 1925, \u201cMrs. William H. Mitchell,\u201d was identified by her husband\u2019s name. They had married in 1918, in a service held at St. Chrysostom\u2019s Episcopal Church, on Dearborn Street, a short walk from the Chicago History Museum.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-132434\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i054512-William-Ginevra-Mitchell-wedding-1918-768x1019.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i054512-William-Ginevra-Mitchell-wedding-1918-768x1019.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i054512-William-Ginevra-Mitchell-wedding-1918-300x398.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i054512-William-Ginevra-Mitchell-wedding-1918-1024x1358.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/i054512-William-Ginevra-Mitchell-wedding-1918.jpg 1131w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\"\/><\/p>\n<p><em>Wedding portrait of William H. Mitchell and Ginevra King Mitchell, c. 1918. CHM, ICHi-054512<\/em><\/p>\n<p>William H. Mitchell (1895\u20131987) was the model for the polo-playing Tom Buchanan. He came from a respected family of bankers. His public life was punctuated with moments of drama and tragedy fit for a novel. Mitchell served with distinction as an aviator in World War I. About a decade after his marriage and two years after the publication of Gatsby, he lost his parents in an automobile accident. His father, who\u2019d played an important role in shaping the Federal Reserve, left his son with the very Tom Buchanan-appropriate advice that \u201csuccess comes to the man who engages in business as in a game, because he is interested enough to play hard.\u201d Mitchell and his wife lived in a mansion in Lake Forest, where in 1931, they and several guests were robbed of money and jewelry at gunpoint by a gang of thieves. When the latter were brought to trial, public sympathy seemed more with them than with the Mitchells, who\u2019d maintained their wealth during the Great Depression.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-132438\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069247-William-Mitchell-1917-768x616.jpg\" alt=\"Black &amp; white photograph of a man standing next to an airplane that is resting on sawhorses. He is wearing an aviator cap and goggles atop his head, a coat, and big fur mitts on his hands.\" width=\"600\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069247-William-Mitchell-1917-768x616.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069247-William-Mitchell-1917-1280x1027.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069247-William-Mitchell-1917-300x241.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069247-William-Mitchell-1917-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069247-William-Mitchell-1917-1536x1232.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069247-William-Mitchell-1917-1920x1540.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0069247-William-Mitchell-1917.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"\/><br \/><em>William H. Mitchell standing next to an airplane that is resting on sawhorses, Chicago, 1917. DN-0069247, Chicago Daily News collection, CHM<\/em><\/p>\n<p>By that time, Mitchell\u2019s marriage was faltering. His wife, Ginevra King (1898\u20131980), would ultimately leave him. King has the strongest connection to Gatsby, being the inspiration, as acknowledged by Fitzgerald himself, of Daisy Buchanan. As Daisy was for Gatsby, Ginevra King was the great, unobtainable love of F. Scott Fitzgerald\u2019s life.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-132437\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0075229-Ginevra-King-768x969.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0075229-Ginevra-King-768x969.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0075229-Ginevra-King-1280x1615.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0075229-Ginevra-King-300x379.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0075229-Ginevra-King-1024x1292.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0075229-Ginevra-King-1217x1536.jpg 1217w, https:\/\/www.chicagohistory.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/DN-0075229-Ginevra-King.jpg 1585w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\"\/><br \/><em>Ginevra King Mitchell (Mrs. William H. Mitchell) wearing a gown and a large headdress, Chicago, 1922. DN-0075229, Chicago Daily News collection, CHM<\/em><\/p>\n<p>She came from old Chicago money and was raised on Astor Street and in Lake Forest. Like her good friend and bridesmaid Edith Cummings, King was admired for her athleticism but also for her volunteerism. She met Fitzgerald at age 16 when he was back in his native St. Paul, Minnesota, on holiday from Princeton University. The two continued to write to one another upon returning to their respective schools on the East Coast, and the 18-year-old Fitzgerald even traveled to Lake Forest to continue courting her. A strong emotional bond, particularly on the part of the aspiring writer, seemed to have formed, but marriage to one of wealthiest debutantes in Chicago was out of the question for this upper-middle-class Midwesterner. As someone, sometimes identified as Charles Garfield King, Ginevra\u2019s father, told him, \u201cPoor boys shouldn\u2019t think of marrying rich girls.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>World War I profoundly impacted their lives, with a distraught Fitzgerald signing up to serve in the military and King doing what she could to support the soldiers on the home front. Afterward, they each found themselves in complicated marriages, with Fitzgerald wedding Zelda Sayre to whom he dedicated Gatsby.<\/p>\n<p>Decades later, King and Fitzgerald reunited briefly in Hollywood, where the novelist was attempting to make it as a screenwriter. She apparently asked him which of his characters she\u2019d inspired. An intoxicated Fitzgerald demeaned her in his response. King later married John T. Pirie Jr., heir to a <a href=\"http:\/\/encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org\/pages\/2586.html\">department store<\/a> fortune. Fitzgerald died in Hollywood in 1940 at the age of 44.<\/p>\n<p>Ginevra King Pirie died at the age of 82 in 1980. Her <em>Chicago Tribune<\/em> obituary mentioned her work as president of the Service Club of Chicago and leadership with the American Cancer Society. It does not mention that this Chicagoan was the inspiration for one of the great characters in American literature.<\/p>\n<h3>Sources<\/h3>\n<p>Borrelli, Christopher, \u201cReal Daisy Bloomed on Chicago\u2019s North Shore,\u201d <em>Chicago Tribune<\/em>, May 7, 2013: C1.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cExtending Birthday Greetings to Two of Our Leading Citizens, <em>Chicago Daily Tribune<\/em>, April 11, 1925: 19.<\/p>\n<p>Fitzgerald, F. Scott. <em>The Great Gatsby<\/em>. New York: Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, 1925.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJ.J. Mitchell\u2019s Rules for Life Are Told by Son,\u201d <em>Chicago Daily Tribune<\/em>, November 4, 1927: 19.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMiss Cummings is New Golf Queen,\u201d <em>Chicago Daily Tribune<\/em>, October 7, 1923: A1.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMitchell Gem Gang Guilty,\u201d <em>Chicago Daily Tribune<\/em>, January 17, 1932: 1.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cObituaries,\u201d <em>Chicago Tribune<\/em>, December 14, 1980: B27.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSeize 3; Find $150,000 in Loot,\u201d <em>Chicago Daily Tribune<\/em>, November 23, 1931: 1.<\/p>\n<p>Thalia, \u201cChicagoans Live on Ranch in Colorado,\u201d <em>Chicago Daily Tribune<\/em>, August 4, 1946: F1.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To mark the centennial of the publication of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896\u20131940), CHM director of exhibitions Paul Durica writes about the novel\u2019s many connections to Chicago. Like the green light at the end of Tom Buchanan\u2019s dock, the city of Chicago remains present yet out of reach throughout the text of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":180522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12032],"tags":[12846,53254,2338,3972,1762],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-180521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-american-history","tag-chicago","tag-gatsby","tag-great","tag-story","tag-west"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u201cA Story of the West, After All\u201d: Chicago and \u201cThe Great Gatsby\u201d - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=180521\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cA Story of the West, After All\u201d: Chicago and \u201cThe Great Gatsby\u201d - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"To mark the centennial of the publication of The Great Gatsby by F. 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