{"id":178197,"date":"2025-04-09T05:04:34","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T05:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/activist\/no-more-lone-wolves-progressive-org\/"},"modified":"2025-04-09T05:04:34","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T05:04:34","slug":"no-more-lone-wolves-progressive-org","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=178197","title":{"rendered":"No More Lone Wolves &#8211; Progressive.org"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/progressive.org\/downloads\/21634\/download\/NoMoreLoneWolvesMallison.png?cb=c986739b688393a31c79da431cf26d7a\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>&#13;\n<strong><em>\u201ci used to be mutuals with someone who is now a real school shooter ;-).\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&#13;\n<em>\u2014post on an X (formerly Twitter) account believed to belong to Solomon Henderson<\/em><\/pre>\n<p class=\"lead\">Natalie Rupnow, the fifteen-year-old who opened fire\u00a0in December\u00a0on her fellow students and teachers at Abundant Life Christian School in Madison, Wisconsin, killing two people before taking her own life, didn\u2019t fit the loner white male school shooter stereotype. In the gruesome history of U.S. mass school shootings, she was perhaps the first female perpetrator\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.campussafetymagazine.com\/insights\/how-common-are-female-school-shooters\/165257\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (in forty-five years)\">in forty-five years<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>However, Rupnow was like other modern extremist youth in at least one way: She was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extremely_online\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (extremely online)\">extremely online<\/a>. Her\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/abc13.com\/post\/what-know-natalie-rupnow-15-year-old-suspected-school-shooter-wisconsin\/15666450\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (extensive digital footprint)\">extensive digital footprint<\/a>\u00a0across multiple social media platforms showed obsessive interest in gun culture, school shooters, and neo-Nazis. Any reasonable adult who bothered to look at Rupnow\u2019s social media profiles before she committed a mass shooting would have been appalled by what they found, and concerned for her safety and well-being. And anyone who dug deeper would have seen that Rupnow wasn\u2019t merely fangirling. She was engaging in online communities that celebrated violent acts, glorified those who perpetrated them, exchanged so-called best practices, and encouraged one another to commit shootings and other acts of terror.<\/p>\n<p>Two of Rupnow\u2019s online relationships in particular have received a lot of media attention. Alexander Paffendorf, a twenty-year-old man in Carlsbad, California, was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/protective-order-issued-man-accused-plotting-attack-madison\/story?id=116952826\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (detained by the FBI)\">detained by the FBI<\/a>\u00a0three days after the shooting in Wisconsin, and accused of plotting a parallel attack with Rupnow. According to Carlsbad\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/protective-order-issued-man-accused-plotting-attack-madison\/story?id=116952826\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (police)\">police<\/a>, Paffendorf admitted to law enforcement that he\u2019d \u201ctold Rupnow that he would arm himself with explosives and a gun and that he would target a government building.\u201d A judge issued a protective order, and Paffendorf was forced to surrender his arsenal. (As of publication, he has\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/patch.com\/california\/san-diego\/investigation-ongoing-carlsbad-man-accused-speaking-shooter\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (not been charged)\">not been charged<\/a>\u00a0with any crime.)<\/p>\n<p>Rupnow was also in communication with another future mass shooter, Solomon Henderson. Per reporting by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wisconsinwatch.org\/2025\/01\/madison-nashville-school-shooters-online-internet-wisconsin-tennessee\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (Wisconsin Watch)\">Wisconsin Watch<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/madison-nashville-school-shooters-online-extremism\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (ProPublica)\">ProPublica<\/a>, Henderson and Rupnow were both active in the same online communities that promoted mass shootings and glorified violence through memes, terrorist propaganda such as manifestos, and sharing tips for committing similar crimes. While there\u2019s no evidence that they plotted their attacks together, they were in contact and egging one another on.<\/p>\n<p>Moments before Rupnow opened fire at her school, she posted a white supremacist gesture on her X account\u2014perhaps a signal that her attack was underway. A user that researchers now believe to be Henderson immediately replied with, \u201cLivestream it.\u201d After news of the Madison shooting broke, Henderson celebrated Rupnow and their friendship, bragging on X that \u201ci used to be mutuals with someone who is now a real school shooter ;-).\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Weeks later, in January, Henderson opened fire in the cafeteria of Antioch High School in Nashville, Tennessee, where he was a student, killing another student before taking his own life.<\/p>\n<pre>&#13;\n<em><strong>\u201cI started browsing 4chan in May 2020 after extreme boredom, remember this was during the outbreak of covid.\u201d&#13;\n<\/strong>\u2014Payton Gendron on how he found extremism<\/em><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Solomon Henderson, who was Black, also doesn\u2019t fit into the school shooter mold. Henderson left an extensive online history that offers chilling insights into his own indoctrination, including a manifesto and a diary. Marc-Andr\u00e9 Argentino, an expert on violent extremism and radicalization,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.maargentino.com\/narrative-examination-of-the-antioch-high-school-shooters-manifesto-and-diary\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (analyzed)\">analyzed<\/a>\u00a0both Henderson\u2019s manifesto and diary and found \u201cevidence in [Henderson\u2019s] writing of elaborate scheduling for high-casualty events, possible bomb deployments, tracking of personal purchases for improvised explosives, and the repeated invocation of past mass shooters as role models to act as a source of motivation. The overall portrait is of a young individual consumed by self-hatred, hostility toward multiple demographic groups, and a drive to achieve infamy through catastrophic violence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Argentino found Henderson was on multiple online platforms, from closed communities to X and Bluesky. Henderson would encourage others (including Rupnow) to commit school shootings and share tips and tricks on how to carry out attacks with other would-be shooters. Henderson was a cheerleader for violence, and people who committed violent acts of terror.<\/p>\n<p>Henderson\u2019s writings also show extreme self-hatred. In his diary, he made frequent racist comments toward himself. He also struggled with his body image, notably his height. Argentino\u2019s analysis suggests that this self-hatred fed into Henderson\u2019s \u201cbroader sense of failure and bitterness toward society.\u201d Eventually, Henderson\u2019s racial hatred extended to other racial groups as well.<\/p>\n<p>The more I learned about Henderson, the more I noticed the resemblance between Henderson\u2019s writing and the manifesto and diary of another recent mass shooter, Payton Gendron. Gendron, who murdered ten people at a grocery store in Buffalo, New York, in 2022, used his manifesto to promote the so-called Great Replacement\u2014a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.splcenter.org\/resources\/hate-watch\/racist-great-replacement-conspiracy-theory-explained\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (false conspiracy theory)\">false conspiracy theory<\/a>\u00a0that is prominent in both rightwing online communities and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2022\/05\/17\/1099233034\/the-great-replacement-conspiracy-theory-isnt-fringe-anymore-its-mainstream\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (mainstream political discourse)\">mainstream political discourse<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/progressive.org\/latest\/the-dangerous-depravity-of-tom-homan-roberts-20250124\/\">American right<\/a>. Extremist manifestos often involve a lot of material that is copied and pasted from other manifestos and far-right writings, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/newscenter\/2023\/07\/10\/buffalo-supermarket-shooter-plagiarized-80-of-rationale-section-of-manifesto-from-hate-sites-study-shows\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (a full 80 percent)\">a full 80 percent<\/a>\u00a0of Gendron\u2019s appears to have been lifted from other sources. In just two years, he had absorbed a lot from his online peers. \u201cI started browsing 4chan in May 2020 after extreme boredom, remember this was during the outbreak of covid,\u201d he posted in his manifesto.<\/p>\n<p>Mass shooters being radicalized online is nothing new, but the communities, archives, and materials that exist online\u2014as well as the ways people are finding one another and encouraging one another to commit violent acts\u2014is a troubling evolution that cannot be ignored. Henderson\u2019s diary includes a listing of every mass shooter terrorist and how many people each one killed. He frequently referenced other attacks and attackers in his writings.<\/p>\n<p>Henderson\u2019s online footprint likely made me think of Gendron because Henderson admired Gendron\u2019s crimes, particularly the way he livestreamed his attack. In his analysis, Argentino notes that Henderson\u2019s online diary is reminiscent of the one kept by Gendron.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s a term for this kind of activity that encourages terrorism and violence:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/jan-6-was-an-example-of-networked-incitement\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (networked incitement)\">networked incitement<\/a>. It was coined by Joan Donovan, assistant professor of journalism and emerging media studies at Boston University and a longtime researcher of online extremist movements, who defines it as involving \u201cinsurgents communicating across multiple platforms to command and coordinate mobilized social movements in the moment of action.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Donovan tells me that radicalization has changed since the COVID-19 pandemic, when the primary social outlet for a generation of young people across the globe moved online for a lengthy period: \u201cYoung folks are radicalizing themselves through access to online message boards and chat groups.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe lone wolf narrative doesn\u2019t work anymore,\u201d she continues. \u201cThere are communities now. People are now finding each other online to do crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Donovan explains that the primary audience has also changed. Young people, radicalized online, are seeking to impress their Internet friends by committing acts of violent terror and living in infamy as a mass shooting meme in those same communities. \u201cThe core set of people they\u2019re seeking to impress are in that community now,\u201d Donovan says. \u201cBecoming the meme of a school shooter requires procuring arms, carrying out a violent attack, and creating a network of watchers who will pay attention.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Natalie Rupnow admired\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/abc7.com\/post\/what-know-natalie-rupnow-15-year-old-suspected-school-shooter-wisconsin\/15666450\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (some figures)\">some figures<\/a>\u00a0on Henderson\u2019s list who had committed mass shootings and acts of violence and terror. Violent criminals are these shooters\u2019 heroes, and the way to become like their heroes is to commit more acts of terror. Online communities and platforms offer encouragement and support every step of the way as young people become radicalized. The forums\u2019 continued existence assures would-be terrorists that their acts will live on and they, like the violent criminals they admire, will be lionized and canonized in these online spaces; that their mutual followers will become fans who spread the word about their acts of terror and inspire the next wave of mass shooters and terrorists.<\/p>\n<pre>&#13;\n<em><strong>\u201cHe sought many things from his act of terror, but one was notoriety\u2014that is why you will never hear me mention his name.\u201d&#13;\n<\/strong>\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-47620630\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (Jacinda Ardern,)\">Jacinda Ardern,<\/a> former prime minister of New Zealand<\/em><\/pre>\n<hr\/>\n<p>I\u2019ve been researching and writing about mass shootings and school shootings for nearly a decade. It\u2019s always a challenge to inform people of the dangers of online radicalization without amplifying the existence of these online spaces and potentially drawing more attention to them. I don\u2019t want to amplify Henderson, Rupnow, or anyone who commits violent acts of terror, nor do I want to contribute to mythologizing them and their crimes. But it\u2019s crucial that we understand what\u2019s happening in these communities and what can be done to stop radicalization.<\/p>\n<p>As a parent, I also struggle with the reality that this is a systemic issue that families are left to deal with mainly on their own without much structural support. Gun culture continues to dominate in the United States, and despite\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2024\/07\/24\/key-facts-about-americans-and-guns\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (broad public approval)\">broad public approval<\/a>, Congress has shown again and again that it is unable and unwilling to pass reasonable gun safety reforms. The tech platforms where these communities form, grow, and recruit have rolled back their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/meta-facebook-hate-speech-trump-immigrant-transgender-41191638cd7c720b950c05f9395a2b49\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (policies on hate speech)\">policies on hate speech<\/a>\u00a0and gutted\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2023\/05\/26\/tech-companies-are-laying-off-their-ethics-and-safety-teams-.html\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (trust and safety teams)\">trust and safety teams<\/a>\u00a0via\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adweek.com\/media\/report-tiktok-begins-laying-off-members-of-trust-and-safety-team\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (layoffs)\">layoffs<\/a>. In the case of X, the platform has become a far-right paradise where hate speech has\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/hate-speech-on-x-surged-for-at-least-8-months-after-elon-musk-takeover-new-research-249603\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (surged&#xA0;)\">surged\u00a0<\/a>and is often shared by Elon Musk, the company\u2019s current owner and the most amplified person on X.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s an infamous headline from\u00a0<em>The Onion<\/em>, the satirical news site, that goes viral after every mass shooting: \u201c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theonion.com\/no-way-to-prevent-this-says-only-nation-where-this-r-1848971668\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (&#x2018;No Way To Prevent This,&#x2019; Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens)\">\u2018No Way To Prevent This,\u2019 Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens<\/a>.\u201d The outlet reposts the article again and again because the United States continues to stand alone in our complete inability to protect ourselves and our children from the terror of mass shootings.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, consider what happened in New Zealand after the Christchurch mass shooting in 2019. The government under then Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern passed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/new-zealand-tightens-gun-laws-further-in-response-to-mass-shooting-idUSKBN23P0TD\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (gun control legislation)\">gun control legislation<\/a>\u00a0and tackled online hate by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/nzs-ardern-says-christchurch-call-anti-online-hate-project-gets-new-tech-2022-09-21\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (taking on the tech platforms)\">taking on the tech platforms<\/a>, the country\u2019s largest Internet service provider, and making it impossible to access the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/aug\/09\/new-zealand-telco-bans-8chan-as-chief-censor-calls-it-racist-killers-platform-of-choice\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (extremist online message board)\">extremist online message board<\/a>\u00a08chan. Local media outlets collectively agreed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/may\/01\/christchurch-trial-new-zealand-media-agree-to-curb-white-supremacy-coverage\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (not to amplify)\">not to amplify<\/a>\u00a0white supremacist rhetoric in their coverage of the eventual trial. They followed the lead of Ardern, who\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-47620630\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (vowed)\">vowed<\/a>\u00a0never to say the shooter\u2019s name.<\/p>\n<p>Still, Americans aren\u2019t giving up, and are looking for creative ways to curb radicalization and violence. Victims of the Buffalo shooting and their families are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/03\/19\/tech\/buffalo-mass-shooting-lawsuit-social-media\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (suing tech platforms)\">suing tech platforms<\/a>\u00a0including Facebook, Reddit, and YouTube in an attempt to hold them liable for radicalizing the shooter. In Michigan, the parents of a school shooter were charged with crimes and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/james-crumbley-jennifer-crumbley-oxford-school-shooting-e5888f615c76c3b26153c34dc36d5436\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (found guilty)\">found guilty<\/a>\u00a0in 2024 for failing to prevent their son from committing his violent crimes. These actions in the courts will hopefully set a precedent for prosecutors and the families of other victims to follow, creating at least some cost, accountability, and friction.<\/p>\n<p>However, it\u2019s mostly left to us\u2014families, schools, and local communities\u2014to keep young people from the extremism pipeline and to prevent them from committing violent crimes. This includes encouraging our children to be safe online and not allowing the Internet as a primary means of socialization. It also includes vigilance about what young people are consuming online and where they\u2019re congregating. Thankfully, there are some resources available for parents, educators, and coaches\u2014anyone on the front lines who engages with young people on a daily basis. The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/perilresearch.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (Polarization &amp; Extremism Research &amp; Innovation Lab)\">Polarization &amp; Extremism Research &amp; Innovation Lab<\/a>\u00a0at American University, in partnership with the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), has produced guides for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/perilresearch.com\/resource\/building-resilience-confronting-risk-a-parents-caregivers-guide-to-online-radicalization\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (parents and caregivers)\">parents and caregivers<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/perilresearch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/splc_peril_strategies_for_educators.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (educators)\">educators<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/perilresearch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/splc_peril_strategies_for_coaches.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link opens in new window (coaches, and community leaders)\">coaches, and community leaders<\/a>\u00a0to help identify the signs of radicalization and offer strategies for engaging young people before it\u2019s too late.<\/p>\n<p>Donovan also offers parents and caregivers advice: \u201cBe alert for when your kid prefers isolation and solitude rather than being with friends and outside. Asking your kids about current events and their views will also help clue you in if they have extremist views.\u201d She also recommends checking to see if your children are on messaging platforms like Discord or Telegram and knowing who they\u2019re talking to on those platforms.<\/p>\n<p>What I keep coming back to, as a researcher and a parent, is how these online conversations exist in plain sight for anyone who cares to find them. Much of the conversation is happening on mainstream platforms, in a public forum. Henderson and Rupnow were interacting on X in the lead-up to Rupnow\u2019s shooting. It strikes me that for both of these teenagers, an intervention might have gone a long way, perhaps preventing their radicalization and the deaths of their victims.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m also struck by how neither one fit the profile of a school shooter, and how both were radicalized into communities centered on racism and misogyny. If Rupnow and Henderson can be indoctrinated by communities that hate them, any young person is vulnerable. It is urgent that we understand this and work to counteract it, as more and more people go down a rabbit hole that grows wider by the day.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#13; \u201ci used to be mutuals with someone who is now a real school shooter ;-).\u201d&#13; \u2014post on an X (formerly Twitter) account believed to belong to Solomon Henderson Natalie Rupnow, the fifteen-year-old who opened fire\u00a0in December\u00a0on her fellow students and teachers at Abundant Life Christian School in Madison, Wisconsin, killing two people before taking [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":178198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12022],"tags":[67583,680,18301,2083,70688,70689,46470,13732,6085],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-178197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-activist","tag-april-may-2025","tag-children","tag-lone","tag-magazine","tag-mass-shootings","tag-melissa-ryan","tag-progressive-org","tag-schools","tag-wolves"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>No More Lone Wolves - Progressive.org - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=178197\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"No More Lone Wolves - Progressive.org - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&#013; 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