{"id":175981,"date":"2025-04-07T18:18:17","date_gmt":"2025-04-07T18:18:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/aquarium\/the-unfathomability-of-the-orangehead-anthias\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T18:18:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T18:18:17","slug":"the-unfathomability-of-the-orangehead-anthias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=175981","title":{"rendered":"The Unfathomability Of The Orangehead Anthias"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudanthias heemstrai<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is, by any metric, one of the most singularly confounding species of anthias in the Indo-Pacific. Since being discovered in the 1980\u2019s, the species has remained virtually unstudied by ichthyologists. Despite residing in some of the most visited reefs in the world, this fish is almost never photographed in the wild, and, to the best of my knowledge, it has yet to ever be exported for the aquarium trade. It is a truly enigmatic fish, and, adding to its many mysteries, the Orangehead\u00a0Anthias possesses a unique mix of morphological traits that makes deciphering its evolutionary relationships immensely challenging.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_123579\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-eilat-jacob-dafni.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123579\" class=\"size-full wp-image-123579\" src=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-eilat-jacob-dafni.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-eilat-jacob-dafni.jpg 640w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-eilat-jacob-dafni-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-eilat-jacob-dafni-600x332.jpg 600w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-eilat-jacob-dafni-500x277.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-123579\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orangehead\u00a0Anthias (<em>Pseudanthias heemstrai<\/em>) from Eilat. Credit: Jacob Dafni<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only a handful of records exist of <em>P. heemstrai<\/em>, and all are from within the <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aquariumspecialty.com\/idevaffiliate\/idevaffiliate.php?id=101&amp;url=289\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Red Sea\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"175\">Red Sea<\/a>. It was first stumbled upon at Dahab, on the Sinai Peninsula, in the 1970\u2019s by none other than John Randall, who encountered this elusive creature skulking about in large harems at mesophotic depths below 50 meters. The next documented encounter was nearby at Aqaba, where it turned up in shallower waters (14-30 meters) near a marine research center and from where it was ultimately described\u2014the name honors the prolific anthias researcher Phillip Heemstra. Since then, it has been recorded at the southern end of the <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3RcVfCK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Red Sea\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"176\">Red Sea<\/a> at the Kamaran Islands of Yemen and, more recently, at Ghoubbet-el-Kharab, Djibouti at 30 meters by Luiz Rocha. It might also be expected to occur in nearby areas of the Gulf of Aden and Socotra, but, in essence, this is a Red Sea endemic.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_123581\" style=\"width: 970px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/17690775_10203899355122076_461117604_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123581\" class=\"size-full wp-image-123581\" src=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/17690775_10203899355122076_461117604_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/17690775_10203899355122076_461117604_n.jpg 960w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/17690775_10203899355122076_461117604_n-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/17690775_10203899355122076_461117604_n-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/17690775_10203899355122076_461117604_n-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/17690775_10203899355122076_461117604_n-500x333.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-123581\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Pseudanthias heemstrai<\/em> from Ghoubbet-el-Kharab, Djibouti at 30 meters. Credit: Luiz Rocha<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The question that next arises is whom, pray tell, this gorgeous species is most closely related to within its highly diverse genus. As it turns out, dear reader, this is a tricky thing to answer with any confidence. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudanthias<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are a surprisingly homogenous lot when it comes to morphology, and the genus as a whole has yet to receive the sort of serious study necessary to properly understand its evolutionary origins. In fact, it\u2019s not even certain that our current classification for this group is entirely accurate, as it\u2019s quite possible (nay, likely) that at some point it may be split up into smaller genera or have additional species included within it.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_123584\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Pshee_f0.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123584\" class=\"size-full wp-image-123584\" src=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Pshee_f0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Pshee_f0.jpg 640w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Pshee_f0-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Pshee_f0-600x309.jpg 600w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Pshee_f0-500x258.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-123584\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Female <em>P. heemstrai<\/em> from Dahab. Credit: John Randall \/ Fishbase<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As with its congeners, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. heemstrai<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows some considerable differences between the sexes. Females are a mostly pink-hued affair, with a bright yellow coloration across the dorsal fin, along the back and into the truncate caudal fin. At first glance, this appears to be quite similar to the yellow-and-pink females of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. bimaculatus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014an Indian Ocean species absent the Red Sea; however, males of these two taxa differ dramatically in appearance, making it\u00a0unlikely that the two are close relatives.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_123586\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-Dray-van-Beeck.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123586\" class=\"size-full wp-image-123586\" src=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-Dray-van-Beeck.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-Dray-van-Beeck.jpg 640w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-Dray-van-Beeck-300x134.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-Dray-van-Beeck-600x268.jpg 600w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-Dray-van-Beeck-500x223.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-123586\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nuptial male of <em>P. heemstrai<\/em>. Credit: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aqualifeimages.com\/Default.aspx?ShowImage=0&amp;QueryIs=1%20results%20for%20Heemstras-anthias&amp;sqlstr=SELECT%20*%20FROM%20IMAGES%20WHERE%20INACTIEF%20=%200%20AND%20Imagegroup%20=%201090%20ORDER%20BY%20NAAM\" target=\"_blank\">Dray van Beeck \/ Aqualife Images<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Males of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. heemstrai<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sport a far more dramatic appearance than the females, having a pale pinkish body which gradually darkens dorsally, a deeply reddened caudal fin that is margined posteriorly in a creamy shade of white, and an orange coloration across the forebody, which gives\u00a0rise to the common name. Dramatically, the pelvic fins are greatly elongated relative to anything else in the genus, trailing below the body in a manner not unlike a freshwater angelfish. When aroused in a pique of piscine passion, the male\u2019s body darkens into a nuptial coloration that\u00a0becomes orange throughout, with a shiny lavender stripe emerging along the midbody and a crimson band forming along the posterior margin of the caudal fin. They are, in a word, really quite nice to look at.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_123587\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/red-tip-females.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123587\" class=\"size-full wp-image-123587\" src=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/red-tip-females.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"758\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/red-tip-females.jpg 758w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/red-tip-females-300x75.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/red-tip-females-600x150.jpg 600w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/red-tip-females-500x125.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-123587\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparison of red-tipped caudal fins in female <em>Pseudanthias<\/em> species.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So who is this fish related to? One possibility put forth by the original authors of the species was the Pink or Stocky Anthias (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. hypselosoma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), which occurs from the Maldives east to Japan and Samoa. The two do look a bit similar in their male sex, having pale bodies, a dark, somewhat truncate caudal fin and a diffuse coloration covering the head, but females of the two are strikingly different. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. hypselosoma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we find a motif common to several seemingly related species\u2014a pink body with red tips on the caudal fin. This same female phenotype occurs in the related <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. rubrizonatus <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. marcia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Indo-Pacific, as well as the<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> P. taeniatus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. townsendi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. connelli <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clade of the Western Indian Ocean. Other species groups with similar red-tipped females include the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. cooperi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> clade, the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. caudalis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. thompsoni<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> clade and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. bicolor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2026 all of which are likely to together comprise a major branch within <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudanthias<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-map.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-123588\" src=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-map-1024x485.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-map-1024x485.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-map-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-map-768x364.jpg 768w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-map-600x284.jpg 600w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-map-500x237.jpg 500w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-map.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If we assume for a moment that the lack of red caudal fin tips excludes <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. heemstrai<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from this major anthias group, then we must next look elsewhere in the genus to find its nearest relative. The <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. lunulatus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> group shows some similarities, particularly when it comes to the shiny lavender caudal peduncle of the males, but, tellingly, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. lunulatus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> itself is known sympatrically from the Red Sea. And there are several major phenotypic traits that argue against a relationship, such as the blue margins on the caudal fin, the relatively short pelvic fins, and the medial blotch seen in\u00a0all members of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lunulatus <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">group. Eliminating\u00a0that group from contention, there really aren\u2019t many other viable options in the genus that are truly comparable in biogeography and morphology. This is the enduring mystery of the Orangehead\u00a0Anthias\u2026 it seems as though it is a phylogenetic orphan within <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudanthias<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_123585\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-h-schuhmacher.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123585\" class=\"size-large wp-image-123585\" src=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-h-schuhmacher-1024x610.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-h-schuhmacher-1024x610.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-h-schuhmacher-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-h-schuhmacher-768x457.jpg 768w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-h-schuhmacher-600x357.jpg 600w, https:\/\/reefs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heemstrai-h-schuhmacher-500x298.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-123585\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A harem of <em>P. heemstrai<\/em> (alongside <em>P. taeniatus<\/em>) at Aqaba. Credit: H. Schumacher \/ Schumacher <em>et al<\/em> 1989<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But I can\u2019t very well write all of this heady verbiage without at least proffering some slight semblance of a hypothesis. One interesting trait which I have thus far ignored is the presence of a red marking on the throat of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. heemstrai<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. An identical marking can be found elsewhere in the genus among most members of the previously discussed clade comprised of those red-tipped females. And so we find a red throat in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. rubrizonatus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. cooperi <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. taeniatus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P. hypselosoma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For various reasons (morphology, coloration, biogeography), none of these species seem to be particularly close relatives of Heemstra\u2019s inscrutable anthias, but, as a whole, perhaps this entire clade is? This would put <em>Pseudanthias heemstrai\u00a0<\/em>in a unique and important position within the genus, having diverged early on from one of the major branches of anthias biodiversity and existing today as a sort of evolutionary relic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Originally published on April 4, 2017<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pseudanthias heemstrai is, by any metric, one of the most singularly confounding species of anthias in the Indo-Pacific. Since being discovered in the 1980\u2019s, the species has remained virtually unstudied by ichthyologists. Despite residing in some of the most visited reefs in the world, this fish is almost never photographed in the wild, and, to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":175982,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12040],"tags":[67093,70094,70093],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-175981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aquarium","tag-anthias","tag-orangehead","tag-unfathomability"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Unfathomability Of The Orangehead Anthias - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=175981\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Unfathomability Of The Orangehead Anthias - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pseudanthias heemstrai is, by any metric, one of the most singularly confounding species of anthias in the Indo-Pacific. 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