{"id":165674,"date":"2025-03-31T13:05:36","date_gmt":"2025-03-31T13:05:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/business\/legal\/exportlawblog-federal-court-incorrectly-says-ddtc-jumped-the-gun-on-gun-printing-plans\/"},"modified":"2025-03-31T13:05:36","modified_gmt":"2025-03-31T13:05:36","slug":"exportlawblog-federal-court-incorrectly-says-ddtc-jumped-the-gun-on-gun-printing-plans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=165674","title":{"rendered":"ExportLawBlog \u00bb Federal Court Incorrectly Says DDTC Jumped the Gun on Gun Printing Plans"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"float: left; margin: 0px 20px 0px 0px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Printed Guns via http:\/\/defdist.tumblr.com\/post\/85127166199\/i-have-often-been-asked-who-the-first-person-to-be [Fair Use]\" src=\"https:\/\/www.exportlawblog.com\/images\/plastic_guns.jpg\" alt=\"Printed Guns via http:\/\/defdist.tumblr.com\/post\/85127166199\/i-have-often-been-asked-who-the-first-person-to-be [Fair Use]\" width=\"170px\" \/><\/span>Just hours before Defense Distributed, pursuant to a Settlement Agreement with the Department of State\u2019s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, planned to upload plans to allow anyone who can afford a 3-D printer to make their own plastic guns, a federal district court in Seattle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.exportlawblog.com\/docs\/StateofWA_v_US.pdf\">entered a temporary restraining order<\/a> prohibiting\u00c2\u00a0the uploading of those plans.\u00c2\u00a0 \u00c2\u00a0The temporary restraining order was entered at the request of attorneys general from eight states and the District of Columbia.\u00c2\u00a0 \u00c2\u00a0In entering the order, the court stated that the plaintiffs were likely to prevail on the merits for two reasons \u2014 both, frankly, fairly questionable.<\/p>\n<p>The first reason the court thought that plaintiffs would likely prevail is that, in the court\u2019s view, the Settlement Agreement effectively removed items from\u00c2\u00a0the\u00c2\u00a0United States Munitions List (\u201cUSML\u201d)\u00c2\u00a0without the prior thirty-day notice to Congress as required by section 38(f) of the Arms Export Control Act, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/22\/2778\">22 U.S.C. \u00c2\u00a7 2278(f)<\/a>.\u00c2\u00a0 As you probably recall, DDTC and BIS so far have only issued proposed rules.\u00c2\u00a0 \u00c2\u00a0As noted early on in the export control process, State and Commerce <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/FR-2011-07-15\/pdf\/2011-17846.pdf\">indicated<\/a> that they would provide the section 38(f) notices to Congress 30 days prior to publishing the final rule.\u00c2\u00a0 At this point, only the proposed rules have been issued\u00c2\u00a0and the comment period ended on July 9, so it is likely that no section 38(f) notices have been sent to Congress as the court states. Certainly they would not have been sent\u00c2\u00a0thirty days prior to the execution of the Settlement Agreement on June 29 as the Court said\u00c2\u00a0should have been done.<\/p>\n<p>The problem with this argument is that the Settlement Agreement did not remove Category I (or any other) items from the USML.\u00c2\u00a0 The Settlement Agreement is quite clear that DDTC was not removing anything from the list but, rather, was granting an exemption under ITAR\u00c2\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/cgi-bin\/retrieveECFR?gp=&amp;SID=70e390c181ea17f847fa696c47e3140a&amp;mc=true&amp;r=PART&amp;n=pt22.1.125#se22.1.125_14\">section 125.4(b)(13)<\/a>.\u00c2\u00a0 Under that section, an export of technical data does not require a license if that data has been \u201capproved for public release\u201d by DDTC.\u00c2\u00a0 All that DDTC did in the Settlement Agreement was approve public release of\u00c2\u00a0specified Defense Distributed plans making their export eligible for the exemption in section 125.4(b)(13).\u00c2\u00a0 Nothing has been removed from the USML by the Settlement Agreement, and, thus, no section 38(f) notice was required as a result of the Settlement Agreement.<\/p>\n<p>The other reason relied on by the district court in temporarily blocking the Settlement Agreement was the requirement in Executive Order 11958 that any removal of any item from the USML by DDTC would need the concurrence of the Department of Defense.\u00c2\u00a0 The court stated:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>When the President delegated his authority under the AECA to the Secretary of State, he also imposed a requirement that any changes in designations of defense articles and defense services subject to export control had to have the concurrence of the Secretary of Defense. There is no indication that the federal government followed the prescribed procedures<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Apparently, the district court had not bothered to read the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2018\/05\/24\/2018-10367\/control-of-firearms-guns-ammunition-and-related-articles-the-president-determines-no-longer-warrant\">initial notice<\/a> from the Department of Commerce on the proposed removal of Category I firearms from the United States Munitions List to the Commerce Control List.\u00c2\u00a0 \u00c2\u00a0That notice clearly states:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The changes described in this proposed rule and in the State Department\u2019s companion proposed rule on Categories I, II, and III of the USML are based on a review of those categories by the Department of Defense, which worked with the Departments of State and Commerce in preparing the amendments.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Oops.\u00c2\u00a0 So even if the Settlement Agreement effectively removed certain Article I items from the USML, which it did not, the DOD had already agreed to that prior to the publication of the initial notices proposing removal of those items.<\/p>\n<p>The problem here is that if states or the federal government want to regulate 3-D gun plans, the export laws are\u00c2\u00a0not the way to do it because the policy driving these decisions has nothing to do with exports at all but rather with purely domestic considerations such as detectability and traceability.\u00c2\u00a0 The states attorneys general presumably don\u2019t really care whether these gun plans and the plastic guns made from them wreak havoc in Croatia; they are worried about the consequences right at home in their own states.\u00c2\u00a0 Moreover, there is already a law on the books \u2013\u00c2\u00a0<b>\u00c2\u00a0<\/b>the\u00c2\u00a0Undetectable Firearms Act of 1988, 18 U.S.C. \u00c2\u00a7 922(p) \u2014 which makes it illegal to manufacture undetectable weapons.\u00c2\u00a0 So, rather than try to shoehorn these issues into the Arms Export Control Act, lawmakers and officials should confront any issues with these plans directly.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:0.8em;\"><plusone size=\"small\" count=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.exportlawblog.com\/archives\/9218\"><\/plusone> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.exportlawblog.com\/images\/permalink.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.exportlawblog.com\/archives\/9218\" rel=\"bookmark\">Permalink<\/a>  <\/span><\/p>\n<div><a class=\"addthis_button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.addthis.com\/bookmark.php?v=250&amp;username=clifburns\" addthis:url=\"https%3A%2F%2Fwww.exportlawblog.com%2Farchives%2F9218\" addthis:title=\"Federal+Court+Incorrectly+Says+DDTC+Jumped+the+Gun+on+Gun+Printing+Plans\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s7.addthis.com\/static\/btn\/v2\/lg-share-en.gif\" width=\"125\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Bookmark and Share\" style=\"border:0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- AddThis Button END --><br \/>\n<br \/>\nCopyright \u00a9 2018 Clif Burns. All Rights Reserved. <br \/>\n<i>(No republication, syndication or use permitted without my consent.)<\/i>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Just hours before Defense Distributed, pursuant to a Settlement Agreement with the Department of State\u2019s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, planned to upload plans to allow anyone who can afford a 3-D printer to make their own plastic guns, a federal district court in Seattle entered a temporary restraining order prohibiting\u00c2\u00a0the uploading of those plans.\u00c2\u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":165675,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[410,67097,25887,11558,6830,21622,15444,5770,2865],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-165674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal","tag-court","tag-ddtc","tag-exportlawblog","tag-federal","tag-gun","tag-incorrectly","tag-jumped","tag-plans","tag-printing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - 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