{"id":135545,"date":"2025-03-15T17:00:59","date_gmt":"2025-03-15T17:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/analytics\/cookie-settings-and-subdomain-tracking-in-universal-analytics\/"},"modified":"2025-03-15T17:00:59","modified_gmt":"2025-03-15T17:00:59","slug":"cookie-settings-and-subdomain-tracking-in-universal-analytics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=135545","title":{"rendered":"Cookie Settings And Subdomain Tracking In Universal Analytics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Welcome back my friends (to the show that never ends)! It\u2019s been a couple of weeks since my last barrage of articles, and I think the time is ripe to do some <strong>testing<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<p>First things first, here\u2019s a picture of me shovelling snow:<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 960 \/ 720;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/simo.jpg\" title=\"Shovelling snow\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"720\" width=\"960\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/simo.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"Shovelling snow\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>And now back to the topic at hand.<\/p>\n<p>One of the things that seems to be a hot topic in Universal Analytics is cross-domain tracking. I\u2019ve never really tackled the beast head-on, since there\u2019s such a wealth of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bounteous.com\/search_gcse\/?q=cross-domain\">excellent articles<\/a> about it out there. However, I have taken a plunge into the deep end with some specific stuff, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/analytics\/iframe-cross-domain-tracking-in-google-tag-manager\/\">iframe<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/analytics\/cross-domain-tracking-across-subdomains\/\">subdomain<\/a> tracking.<\/p>\n<p>I want to pick up where I left off in the subdomain article, and focus on something really cool but complicated: <strong>cookie settings<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>First, take a look at the <a href=\"https:\/\/developers.google.com\/analytics\/devguides\/collection\/analyticsjs\/cookies-user-id?hl=en\">official developer guide<\/a> for Universal Analytics\u2019 cookie stuff. It\u2019s an excellent resource to get started with.<\/p>\n<p>What I want to talk about is what are the implications of <strong>inconsistent<\/strong> field settings as well as leaving the <strong>cookieDomain<\/strong> field out entirely from your tracker settings.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 1988 \/ 1082;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/cookie-settings-flow-chart.jpg\" title=\"Unhelpful flow chart\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"1082\" width=\"1988\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/cookie-settings-flow-chart.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"Unhelpful flow chart\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>I give you\u2026<em>drumroll<\/em>\u2026my epic, sugar-rush, pigeon-army, mudslide, Iron Man, lollapalooza, Han-shot-first, cookie-testing-extravaganza-MIND-EXPLOSION!<\/p>\n<p>Sorry.<\/p>\n<p>                <span class=\"simmer\"><br \/>\n  <span class=\"close\">X<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n    <span class=\"fa fa-md fa-bell\"\/><br \/>\n    <strong>The Simmer Newsletter<\/strong>\n  <\/p>\n<p>\n    Subscribe to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/newsletter\/\">Simmer newsletter<\/a> to get the latest news and content from Simo Ahava into your email inbox!\n  <\/p>\n<p>  <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-we-know\">What we know<\/h2>\n<p>Let\u2019s start at the beginning (always a good idea). This is what we, most likely, know about Universal Analytics\u2019 cookies.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Universal Analytics uses a single <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookie to establish the <strong>user<\/strong> dimension.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>This cookie stores a unique <strong>Client ID<\/strong> in its last two segments (GA1.2.<strong>12345.23456<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>By default, i.e. without any settings, the cookie is written on the <strong>current subdomain<\/strong> and all even more nested subdomains thereof (.sub.domain.com, .www.sub.domain.com, .simo.rules.ok.sub.domain.com would all share the cookie written on .sub.domain.com, but <a href=\"http:\/\/www.domain.com\">www.domain.com<\/a> or domain.com would not).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>By setting <strong>cookieDomain<\/strong> to <strong>auto<\/strong>, or manually setting it to the topmost possible domain name (i.e. .domain.com), <strong>all<\/strong> subdomains can use the cookie.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>I hope that\u2019s all clear.<\/p>\n<p>This is why the \u201ctracking snippet\u201d for Universal Analytics <strong>always<\/strong> has the recommendation of including <code>'auto'<\/code> as the third parameter of the <code>'create'<\/code> command. That\u2019s the equivalent of adding the field <code>cookieDomain : 'auto'<\/code> into the tracker object:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<pre style=\"background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4\"><code class=\"language-javascript\" data-lang=\"javascript\">ga(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'create'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'UA-12345-1'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'auto'<\/span>);\n<span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\">\/\/ is the same as\n<\/span><span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\"\/>ga(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'create'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'UA-12345-1'<\/span>, {<span style=\"color:#a50\">'cookieDomain'<\/span> : <span style=\"color:#a50\">'auto'<\/span>});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>NOTE!<\/strong> The Universal Analytics Tag in Google Tag Manager <strong>does not<\/strong> add this field by default! The implications of leaving this field out are the focus of this test, so bear with me.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-test\">The test<\/h2>\n<p>I want to test the following:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>What happens if <code>'cookieDomain' : 'auto'<\/code> is missing from your tracker, and you move across subdomains?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>What happens if there are multiple <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookies, each written on different domains<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>What is the air-speed velocity of an unladen swallow?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Let\u2019s start with the first one.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"1-no-cookiedomain--auto-set\">1. No <code>'cookieDomain' : 'auto'<\/code> set<\/h3>\n<p>I\u2019ll browse to <strong>test.simoahava.com<\/strong>, make sure there are no pre-existing <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookies, and type in the following command:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<pre style=\"background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4\"><code class=\"language-javascript\" data-lang=\"javascript\">ga(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'create'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'UA-12345-1'<\/span>, {<span style=\"color:#a50\">'name'<\/span> : <span style=\"color:#a50\">'test1'<\/span>});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>So, no <strong>cookieDomain<\/strong> anywhere. This results in a new <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookie, written on <strong>.test.simoahava.com<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 876 \/ 260;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/ga-test1.jpg\" title=\"no cookiedomain, new tracker\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"260\" width=\"876\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/ga-test1.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"no cookiedomain, new tracker\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>You can also see where the cookie is written on:<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 1376 \/ 144;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/ga-cookie-no-cookiedomain.jpg\" title=\"ga cookie, no cookiedomain\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"144\" width=\"1376\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/ga-cookie-no-cookiedomain.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"ga cookie, no cookiedomain\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>That\u2019s all clear, right?<\/p>\n<p>Next, I browse to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\">www.simoahava.com<\/a><\/strong>, and run the same command:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<pre style=\"background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4\"><code class=\"language-javascript\" data-lang=\"javascript\">ga(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'create'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'UA-12345-1'<\/span>, {<span style=\"color:#a50\">'name'<\/span> : <span style=\"color:#a50\">'test1'<\/span>});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>And this is what I\u2019ll see:<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 870 \/ 262;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/main-domain-ga-cookie.jpg\" title=\"ga cookie on the main domain\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"262\" width=\"870\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/main-domain-ga-cookie.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"ga cookie on the main domain\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The cookie itself is set on the parent domain (without <em>www.<\/em>):<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 1072 \/ 146;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/ga-cookie-main-domain-set.jpg\" title=\"_ga cookie set on the parent domain\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"146\" width=\"1072\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/ga-cookie-main-domain-set.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"_ga cookie set on the parent domain\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now, let\u2019s go back to <strong>test.simoahava.com<\/strong> and see what happens:<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 1080 \/ 174;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/both-ga-cookies-subdomain.jpg\" title=\"Both _ga cookies on the subdomain\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"174\" width=\"1080\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/both-ga-cookies-subdomain.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"Both _ga cookies on the subdomain\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>This is expected, of course. We see both the cookie written on the subdomain in the first step, as well as the cookie written on the main domain in the second step. The latter cookie is available here as well, as since the cookie was written on the parent domain, it can be used by all subdomains as well.<\/p>\n<p><strong>This has one very important implication.<\/strong> If you don\u2019t have <code>'cookieDomain' : 'auto'<\/code>, and the traffic is from the parent domain to subdomains, there\u2019s no issue here. Two different <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookies will still exist on the subdomain, as they have different domain settings, but they will share the same Client ID, thanks to one of the core features of the Universal Analytics library, which copies the Client ID from both pre-existing <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookies as well as legacy <strong>__utma<\/strong> cookies. Here\u2019s an example where I first landed on the parent domain and then entered the subdomain:<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio: 1082 \/ 122;\" class=\"figure nocaption\">\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/same-client-id.jpg\" title=\"Same clientId across domains\"><\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fig-img\" height=\"122\" width=\"1082\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simoahava.com\/images\/2016\/01\/same-client-id.jpg#ZgotmplZ\" alt=\"Same clientId across domains\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>However, if the traffic lands on the subdomain <strong>first<\/strong>, and then moves to the parent domain, you will end up with <strong>different _ga cookies<\/strong> and <strong>different Client IDs<\/strong> on both domains, and thus the user will be different as well!<\/p>\n<p>This is quite significant. I\u2019ll return to the implications later.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"2-what-happens-if-there-are-multiple-_ga-cookies\">2. What happens if there ARE multiple _ga cookies?<\/h3>\n<p>Now, if you DO end up with multiple <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookies, two things can happen:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>They share the same Client ID, i.e. the movement was from higher-level-domain to subdomain, and all is fine.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>They have different Client IDs, i.e. the traffic was from the subdomain to a higher-level (or same-level) domain.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The first case is just fine. All your Tags will share the same Client ID, you won\u2019t have problems with some Tags firing starting new sessions or creating new users, and you can sleep soundly at night.<\/p>\n<p>The second case is problematic. Let\u2019s say you DO end up with two different <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookies, and that it\u2019s, at least you claim it is, intentional. How do you choose which cookie you\u2019ll interact with your trackers?<\/p>\n<p>Well, actually, it\u2019s pretty straight-forward. When you create a tracker, it will use which ever <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookie shares the <code>cookieDomain<\/code> setting of the tracker.<\/p>\n<p>Allow me to explain.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s say you now have two different <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookies, one written on .simoahava.com, and one written on .test.simoahava.com. You are now on <strong>test.simoahava.com<\/strong>, and you want to use the Client ID of the cookie written on this subdomain. You need to create a tracker, <em>which would write the cookie on .test.simoahava.com<\/em> if you want to interact with the cookie. In other words:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<pre style=\"background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4\"><code class=\"language-javascript\" data-lang=\"javascript\">ga(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'create'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'UA-12345-1'<\/span>, {<span style=\"color:#a50\">'name'<\/span> : <span style=\"color:#a50\">'test1'<\/span>});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>This would work, because without <code>'cookieDomain' : 'auto'<\/code>, the cookie would be written on .test.simoahava.com. Now, since a <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookie already exists on .test.simoahava.com, it is used in all interactions with tracker named <strong>test1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to interact with the cookie written on .simoahava.com, then you need to add the <code>cookieDomain<\/code> parameter, and make sure it would write the cookie on the top-most possible domain:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<pre style=\"background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4\"><code class=\"language-javascript\" data-lang=\"javascript\">ga(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'create'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'UA-12345-1'<\/span>, {<span style=\"color:#a50\">'name'<\/span> : <span style=\"color:#a50\">'test2'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'cookieDomain'<\/span> : <span style=\"color:#a50\">'auto'<\/span>});\n<span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\">\/\/ OR\n<\/span><span style=\"color:#aaa;font-style:italic\"\/>ga(<span style=\"color:#a50\">'create'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'UA-12345-1'<\/span>, {<span style=\"color:#a50\">'name'<\/span> : <span style=\"color:#a50\">'test2'<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#a50\">'cookieDomain'<\/span> : <span style=\"color:#a50\">'.simoahava.com'<\/span>});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Both would do the same thing: attempt to write the <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookie on .simoahava.com. However, since that cookie already exists, the tracker named <strong>test2<\/strong> can now be used to interact with that particular cookie.<\/p>\n<p>Phew! So much talk about cookies it makes my stomach growl.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"implications\">Implications<\/h2>\n<p>Now, let\u2019s talk about what this all means. I\u2019ll split this up into a little Q&amp;A, which might help interpret the results.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q: Should I set <code>'cookieDomain' : 'auto'<\/code> on in all my Tags and trackers?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A: I would say that, by default, <strong>yes<\/strong>. Having the setting on in all Tags ensures that the same Client ID is used everywhere across your subdomains. Even if you have Tags collecting data to different UA-XXXXX-Y properties, it doesn\u2019t matter that they share the Client ID, since it\u2019s just a label each property uses to assign hits to the same user.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q: What would happen if only one of my Tags has <code>'cookieDomain' : 'auto'<\/code>, but the others don\u2019t?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A: You should still be fine, as long as that one Tag fires on every single page. Basically, when a Tag fires on the page, it first checks for a pre-existing <strong>_ga<\/strong> cookie. If one is found, it then checks the domain on which the cookie is written, and whether or not this matches the tracker settings. If the settings match, then the Tag simply uses this cookie. If the settings don\u2019t match, a new <strong>_ga<\/strong> is written on the current domain, but the Client ID is still copied from the first cookie.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, as long as <strong>one<\/strong> Tag on the page is fired with <code>'cookieDomain' : 'auto'<\/code>, the Client ID copying mechanism ensures that the same Client ID is accessible across your domains.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q: What happens if I don\u2019t have the <code>'cookieDomain' : 'auto'<\/code> setting anywhere?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A: In the best case scenario, nothing. This would require that traffic is always from a higher-level-domain to its subdomain. This way the subdomain can copy the Client ID from the higher-level-domain cookie.<\/p>\n<p>However, if traffic can be the other way around, so starting from deeper in the domain structure and moving up (or parallel), you\u2019re in trouble. You\u2019ll end up with different Client IDs since the cookies are not shared across the domains.<\/p>\n<p>I hate doling out \u201cbest practices\u201d since I don\u2019t believe they exist, but in this case we\u2019re talking about a <strong>technological reality<\/strong>. I strongly recommend that you always add the <code>'cookieDomain' : 'auto'<\/code> field to all your Tags and trackers. If that\u2019s a stretch, then make sure that <strong>at least one Tag<\/strong> which is <em>guaranteed<\/em> to fire on all pages has that setting. This way the Client ID will be copied and passed across the domains.<\/p>\n<p>Next time I\u2019ll write something lighter, I promise!<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome back my friends (to the show that never ends)! It\u2019s been a couple of weeks since my last barrage of articles, and I think the time is ripe to do some testing! First things first, here\u2019s a picture of me shovelling snow: And now back to the topic at hand. One of the things [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":135546,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12033],"tags":[12765,14315,5501,16294,1706,1260],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-135545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analytics","tag-analytics","tag-cookie","tag-settings","tag-subdomain","tag-tracking","tag-universal"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cookie Settings And Subdomain Tracking In Universal Analytics - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=135545\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cookie Settings And Subdomain Tracking In Universal Analytics - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Welcome back my friends (to the show that never ends)! It\u2019s been a couple of weeks since my last barrage of articles, and I think the time is ripe to do some testing! First things first, here\u2019s a picture of me shovelling snow: And now back to the topic at hand. 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