{"id":100294,"date":"2025-02-20T22:42:55","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T22:42:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peraltafinancing.com\/agriculture\/paired-t-test-with-solved-example\/"},"modified":"2025-02-20T22:42:55","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T22:42:55","slug":"paired-t-test-with-solved-example","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294","title":{"rendered":"Paired T test with solved example"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"post-body-2017953577440521449\">\n<p><b style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">1.<span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/b><b style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;\"><span>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<span>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span>A paired t-test compares the means of two related<br \/>\ngroups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between<br \/>\nthem. This test is used when the same subjects are measured twice, such as<br \/>\nbefore and after a treatment. By analyzing the differences between paired<br \/>\nobservations, the paired t-test accounts for variability within subjects,<br \/>\nmaking it a powerful tool for detecting changes or effects in experiments and<br \/>\nrepeated-measures studies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">2.<span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/b><b style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">When to use paired t test<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\">A paired t-test is used to compare the means of<br \/>\ntwo related groups to determine if there is a statistically significant<br \/>\ndifference. This test is applicable when the same subjects are measured\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">twice or when pairs of related subjects are<br \/>\nmatched. Use a paired t-test in the following scenarios:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">1.<span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">The same subjects are<br \/>\nmeasured twice, such as before and after treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">2.<span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Pairs of related subjects<br \/>\nare matched based on specific criteria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">3.<span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">The objective is to<br \/>\ndetect significant changes within subjects by analyzing differences between<br \/>\npaired observations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">3.<span style=\"font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Assumptions<br \/>\nof paired t-test<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 62.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in 8pt 62.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.3pt;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">1.<span style=\"font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Paired Observations<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">:<br \/>\nThe data consists of pairs of related observations (<i>e.g<\/i>., measurements<br \/>\nbefore and after treatment on the same subjects).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">2.<span style=\"font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Continuous Data<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">:<br \/>\nThe differences between paired observations are continuous and measured on an<br \/>\ninterval or ratio scale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">3.<span style=\"font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Normality<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">:<br \/>\nThe differences between the paired observations are approximately normally<br \/>\ndistributed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">4.<span style=\"font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Independence<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">:<br \/>\nThe pairs are independent of each other.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">5.<span style=\"font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Scale of Measurement<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">:<br \/>\nThe data should be measured at least at the interval level, allowing for the<br \/>\ncalculation of meaningful differences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">4.<span style=\"font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">How<br \/>\nis paired t-test is different from two sample independent t-test<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">The<br \/>\npaired t-test compares the means of two related groups, focusing on differences<br \/>\nwithin the same subjects, assuming paired observations. In contrast, the<br \/>\ntwo-sample independent t-test compares the means of two independent groups,<br \/>\nassuming observations are independent and unrelated. The paired t-test controls<br \/>\nfor within-subject variability, while the independent t-test assesses<br \/>\ndifferences between separate groups, each with its own distinct subjects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjU6yiFHgICPc2sQMwle5BBhBzwTW-vSyHMiq0YERSsdJ2b_dPP2goEgQDqjVDXp8UBqNduHVFYV2c3s5T913jJ_c0uFwh7x3Iv0K0iuJfHwVxSrgklupjJIpB3W5o8x2a5wFCRR1-LXYKMahBAf4j2N7Q4uAH_iFlYV1SH2FaEGu7wZIDXn8A8rgQDC4w\/s822\/paired%20t%20test%201.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"598\" data-original-width=\"822\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjU6yiFHgICPc2sQMwle5BBhBzwTW-vSyHMiq0YERSsdJ2b_dPP2goEgQDqjVDXp8UBqNduHVFYV2c3s5T913jJ_c0uFwh7x3Iv0K0iuJfHwVxSrgklupjJIpB3W5o8x2a5wFCRR1-LXYKMahBAf4j2N7Q4uAH_iFlYV1SH2FaEGu7wZIDXn8A8rgQDC4w\/w640-h466\/paired%20t%20test%201.png\" width=\"640\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgLfWXC3G8sFMlBU_k-vwe5xkTAnf8yYPalemcdgBWbH8GNEQZqacc3UGWrYgCn1bdmH-BGXZynao_H_3u0tpboXZliBMXEI91AHmPMH3xoAXzLJe62rH6ACOS3cmda1pBOthdgyJWhZle0RqB7TGHBBf_9YiggseuWPrIpxfgju96tJyTBQTFeorwS3HY\/s791\/paired%20t%20test%202.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"621\" data-original-width=\"791\" height=\"502\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgLfWXC3G8sFMlBU_k-vwe5xkTAnf8yYPalemcdgBWbH8GNEQZqacc3UGWrYgCn1bdmH-BGXZynao_H_3u0tpboXZliBMXEI91AHmPMH3xoAXzLJe62rH6ACOS3cmda1pBOthdgyJWhZle0RqB7TGHBBf_9YiggseuWPrIpxfgju96tJyTBQTFeorwS3HY\/w640-h502\/paired%20t%20test%202.png\" width=\"640\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">6.<span style=\"font: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Solved<br \/>\nexample<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">The data of the<br \/>\nfollowing table indicates the milk production of 12 cows for evening and<br \/>\nmorning milking. Test that the milk production of both the time is same.<\/span><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\">\n<td colspan=\"6\" style=\"border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 439.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"586\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Milk yield in<br \/>\n  liter<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 1;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.2pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Cows<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Morning<br \/>\n  (X<sub>i<\/sub>)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Evening<br \/>\n  (Y<sub>i<\/sub>)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Cows<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Morning<br \/>\n  (X<sub>i<\/sub>)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Evening<br \/>\n  (Y<sub>i<\/sub>)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 2;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.2pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">4.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">7<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">5.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">4.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 3;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.2pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">2<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">5.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">4.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">8<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">7.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">7.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 4;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.2pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">7.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">7.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">9<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">10.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">10.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 5;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.2pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">4<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">8.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">7.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">10<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">7.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">7.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 6;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.2pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">5<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">8.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">5.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">11<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">10.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">9.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\">\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.2pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">6<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">8.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">8.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">12<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">8.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 73.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"98\">\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">8.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEic4t-6BWVjauyCC1N9D2zloM8PqECPMWSo6h-3qxflYYcxeP6FZWJR5SCQrdb4u4LydLB9TD8BSRTkpeoqFjQ2s9BsJiXPO20MeAyBaFFR_uIYeslTkI9i1Stp9P6YQmTbhEaFUOLTqk-n81cNvPpmwR79ggtwg4G2z_PlymvxP9msam_StXd9hom7JeI\/s758\/part1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"255\" data-original-width=\"758\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEic4t-6BWVjauyCC1N9D2zloM8PqECPMWSo6h-3qxflYYcxeP6FZWJR5SCQrdb4u4LydLB9TD8BSRTkpeoqFjQ2s9BsJiXPO20MeAyBaFFR_uIYeslTkI9i1Stp9P6YQmTbhEaFUOLTqk-n81cNvPpmwR79ggtwg4G2z_PlymvxP9msam_StXd9hom7JeI\/w640-h216\/part1.jpg\" width=\"640\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhq_SlVaAtcvAvrSw40kIwmrB3f4q4kpS-t06i4hIs6JCgGpEhvhWPEOWztuhEltM0l8k0Mqb1om8QjbzA0GidwyYlYhtiIR0LzLhBGVsopaRGogweFZ3KTqsFLqHDgb8s9gdeY04LjEhCkeJguQozO29lXZ8s7n7hDclox_Wq0_aNuoYr2MKvmQKP0ms8\/s713\/part1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"545\" data-original-width=\"713\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhq_SlVaAtcvAvrSw40kIwmrB3f4q4kpS-t06i4hIs6JCgGpEhvhWPEOWztuhEltM0l8k0Mqb1om8QjbzA0GidwyYlYhtiIR0LzLhBGVsopaRGogweFZ3KTqsFLqHDgb8s9gdeY04LjEhCkeJguQozO29lXZ8s7n7hDclox_Wq0_aNuoYr2MKvmQKP0ms8\/w640-h490\/part1.jpg\" width=\"640\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh2p5ChQqnZz-rrF6bPJb0HJWlULZvZsv7oBUmH6MJEzL9tx1Robd5GHm54TdBmmQ9urxT7I39-fEFsV9ifKI200TIYqCVSfzorNMJ3Y2Va1lo3fELNIuGglKqoYffmbpPDUgOxp2QYEvUb5ydJknB_kP1Fj9pE0PDGSHU28GllPMDvlhUIquVTyKftxUM\/s822\/part1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"406\" data-original-width=\"822\" height=\"316\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEh2p5ChQqnZz-rrF6bPJb0HJWlULZvZsv7oBUmH6MJEzL9tx1Robd5GHm54TdBmmQ9urxT7I39-fEFsV9ifKI200TIYqCVSfzorNMJ3Y2Va1lo3fELNIuGglKqoYffmbpPDUgOxp2QYEvUb5ydJknB_kP1Fj9pE0PDGSHU28GllPMDvlhUIquVTyKftxUM\/w640-h316\/part1.jpg\" width=\"640\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Same problem analysis in Agri Analyze:<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">The best part of performing analysis<br \/>\nwith Agri Analyze is that auto interpretation along with assumption testing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><b>Step 1:<\/b> Open link <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrianalyze.com\/OneSampleTTest.aspx\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">https:\/\/agrianalyze.com\/OneSampleTTest.aspx<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><br \/>\n(For first time users free registration is mandatory)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><b>Step 2:<\/b> Prepare data in csv file as shown below:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEguUQ6fg9fCOXlv6xMfBL1zBj_UC9GBPIBQljfG0GewItkYxraVH43rntPY1pyvxNtuKsZWlvFEX1fQPeHFaJfgwMISWjJhvx2pFNL5aEUpkGO4wAZFOd0KIdtFapGj-SOXwzLy3x1uPGaqi3C9KkWuBOwvv6aYytyOEa5H5029gTi6fEwbnODNJxipKlU\/s522\/part1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"522\" data-original-width=\"312\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEguUQ6fg9fCOXlv6xMfBL1zBj_UC9GBPIBQljfG0GewItkYxraVH43rntPY1pyvxNtuKsZWlvFEX1fQPeHFaJfgwMISWjJhvx2pFNL5aEUpkGO4wAZFOd0KIdtFapGj-SOXwzLy3x1uPGaqi3C9KkWuBOwvv6aYytyOEa5H5029gTi6fEwbnODNJxipKlU\/w382-h640\/part1.jpg\" width=\"382\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1peIScmRF9_fBQGPEknnTLnwc_Nc4Ljpj\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\">Link of the dataset<\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\">Step3:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\"> Upload data, add level of significance and average difference, add<br \/>\nvariable name and category type<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgFQE-GaAkxbYAAhM1aAjP4nYob0g0lvGyJtEnA8u5gaeElRr3BqKknBVmzSqJTe7pze6l0k9t4jRaQshhnVdl3DMreSCpwtmmEHQIYiOgGnnRMlAybaGUZpK5Zb_tASk8olBA_Mrh6x09JWzpb6oQoLMmKt-Exrb0AD_Xk7eVBdPq-k8IQzQrkGfmRrK8\/s1407\/part1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"613\" data-original-width=\"1407\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgFQE-GaAkxbYAAhM1aAjP4nYob0g0lvGyJtEnA8u5gaeElRr3BqKknBVmzSqJTe7pze6l0k9t4jRaQshhnVdl3DMreSCpwtmmEHQIYiOgGnnRMlAybaGUZpK5Zb_tASk8olBA_Mrh6x09JWzpb6oQoLMmKt-Exrb0AD_Xk7eVBdPq-k8IQzQrkGfmRrK8\/w640-h278\/part1.jpg\" width=\"640\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\">Add level of Significance: we have kept 0.05 i.e. 5%;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\">Add variable name : Milk production in Liter<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Category Type: As we are comparing milk production in Morning and Evening we have wrote &#8220;Time of Milking&#8221;<\/p><\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\">Step4:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\"> Click on the submit and pay nominal fee and get the output along with interpretation in report.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\">Output:<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiifvE6YxRlwAw23fBkJKChZGoxSzv5zB9DeYmANwLpoZ8f77T6FDBasnyMWqF1tROvIyhWlWuYUSCgx5DJuGs_zgIT1JCk5nkoF0A34-FhbzZ09PEe23Zp06gEZKBMPp8-DUL4EwYe4cIxgm9qROX5ufXNuMIXmBsvIEqXenJAFZHTAiMN_CM-lU1GCsA\/s740\/part1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"740\" data-original-width=\"710\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiifvE6YxRlwAw23fBkJKChZGoxSzv5zB9DeYmANwLpoZ8f77T6FDBasnyMWqF1tROvIyhWlWuYUSCgx5DJuGs_zgIT1JCk5nkoF0A34-FhbzZ09PEe23Zp06gEZKBMPp8-DUL4EwYe4cIxgm9qROX5ufXNuMIXmBsvIEqXenJAFZHTAiMN_CM-lU1GCsA\/w614-h640\/part1.jpg\" width=\"614\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><b style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\"><br \/><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiujyw-UknqgM_2Is9Fjm3NQo4ZfkzSKuUoX2EBbvfCf3XVsNhk4VgMNYBYgPOnS24jwfUDdbFvV8-Bjnl2f1EAvxkmm5evkDqqcrowhQviyyLynynyWNvkOr-3sdi3PX7gaE8X38KbMcmcZsGWWPv7DRjtul85WHUEWde27B7gfGqUeo9CEkZvQBJYr_A\/s783\/paired_t_test.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"681\" data-original-width=\"783\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiujyw-UknqgM_2Is9Fjm3NQo4ZfkzSKuUoX2EBbvfCf3XVsNhk4VgMNYBYgPOnS24jwfUDdbFvV8-Bjnl2f1EAvxkmm5evkDqqcrowhQviyyLynynyWNvkOr-3sdi3PX7gaE8X38KbMcmcZsGWWPv7DRjtul85WHUEWde27B7gfGqUeo9CEkZvQBJYr_A\/w640-h556\/paired_t_test.png\" width=\"640\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\"><b style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1ijxVp9TD_x7dmA32ZhD53LQelhQFzLpX\/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=111491717745750934214&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true\" target=\"_blank\">Link of the output report<\/a><br \/><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\"><b style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\">Reference:<\/span><\/b><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;\">Gupta, S. C., &amp; Kapoor, V. K. (2020).<br \/>\nFundamentals of mathematical statistics. Sultan Chand &amp; Sons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The blog is written by:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0A paired t-test compares the means of two related groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them. This test is used when the same subjects are measured twice, such as before and after a treatment. By analyzing the differences between paired observations, the paired t-test accounts for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":100295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12026],"tags":[46713,25332,13597],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-100294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","tag-paired","tag-solved","tag-test"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Paired T test with solved example - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Paired T test with solved example - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0A paired t-test compares the means of two related groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them. This test is used when the same subjects are measured twice, such as before and after a treatment. By analyzing the differences between paired observations, the paired t-test accounts for [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T22:42:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"822\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"598\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b85e3c3dc0e1daea076524dc8810c371\"},\"headline\":\"Paired T test with solved example\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-20T22:42:55+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294\"},\"wordCount\":515,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Paired\",\"Solved\",\"Test\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Agriculture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294\",\"name\":\"Paired T test with solved example - Som2ny Network\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-20T22:42:55+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png\",\"width\":822,\"height\":598},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?bp_activities=1\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Paired T test with solved example\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/\",\"name\":\"Som2ny Network\",\"description\":\"Daily Deals\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Som2ny Network\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4a0953c4-logo-300x86-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4a0953c4-logo-300x86-1.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":86,\"caption\":\"Som2ny Network\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b85e3c3dc0e1daea076524dc8810c371\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/729ae85bf62b9917e93538db2f2688ca?s=96&r=g&default=https%3A%2F%2Ffivemor.com%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fbuddypress-first-letter-avatar%2Fimages%2Fdefault%2F96%2Flatin_a.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/729ae85bf62b9917e93538db2f2688ca?s=96&r=g&default=https%3A%2F%2Ffivemor.com%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fbuddypress-first-letter-avatar%2Fimages%2Fdefault%2F96%2Flatin_a.png\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Paired T test with solved example - Som2ny Network","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Paired T test with solved example - Som2ny Network","og_description":"1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0A paired t-test compares the means of two related groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them. This test is used when the same subjects are measured twice, such as before and after a treatment. By analyzing the differences between paired observations, the paired t-test accounts for [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294","og_site_name":"Som2ny Network","article_published_time":"2025-02-20T22:42:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":822,"height":598,"url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b85e3c3dc0e1daea076524dc8810c371"},"headline":"Paired T test with solved example","datePublished":"2025-02-20T22:42:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294"},"wordCount":515,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png","keywords":["Paired","Solved","Test"],"articleSection":["Agriculture"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294","name":"Paired T test with solved example - Som2ny Network","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png","datePublished":"2025-02-20T22:42:55+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/paired20t20test201.png","width":822,"height":598},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?p=100294#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?bp_activities=1"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Paired T test with solved example"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/","name":"Som2ny Network","description":"Daily Deals","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#organization","name":"Som2ny Network","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4a0953c4-logo-300x86-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4a0953c4-logo-300x86-1.png","width":300,"height":86,"caption":"Som2ny Network"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b85e3c3dc0e1daea076524dc8810c371","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/729ae85bf62b9917e93538db2f2688ca?s=96&r=g&default=https%3A%2F%2Ffivemor.com%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fbuddypress-first-letter-avatar%2Fimages%2Fdefault%2F96%2Flatin_a.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/729ae85bf62b9917e93538db2f2688ca?s=96&r=g&default=https%3A%2F%2Ffivemor.com%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fbuddypress-first-letter-avatar%2Fimages%2Fdefault%2F96%2Flatin_a.png","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/fivemor.com"],"url":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100294"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100294\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/100295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=100294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=100294"},{"taxonomy":"dealstore","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fdealstore&post=100294"},{"taxonomy":"offerexpiration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fivemor.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fofferexpiration&post=100294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}